Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

MAN-205(ODE and PDE), Autumn Semester: 2019-20

Assignment-1: First oder ODE

1. In each of the following classify the equations as Ordinary, Partial, Linear, Non-linear and
specify the order and degree:
(a) y 00 + y sin x = 0. (b) y 0 + x sin y = x2 . (c) ux uxy + u = x2 y.
d2
(d) (y 00 )3/2 + (y 0 )3 = x5 y. (e) y 00 + xy 0 = dx2
{cos(xy 0 )}.
2. Let Obtain differential equation of the family of plane curves, represented by (a, b, c are
constants):
(a) xy 2 − 1 = cy. (b) cy = c2 x + 5. (c) y = ax2 + be2x .
(d) Circle with unit radius and center on y-axis. (e) y = a sin x + b cos x + b.
3. (a) Verify that y = ce−x + x2 − 2x + 4 is general solution of y 0 + y = x2 + 2.
(If every solution of a first order differential equation is obtained from one parameter family
of G(x, y, c) = 0, then it said to be General solution of the given differential equation).
(b) Show that the family of curves x3 +y 3 = 3cxy is represented by the first order equation
x(2y 3 − x3 )y 0 + y(y 3 − 2x3 ). It is called implicit solution (why?) of the differential equation.
(c) Verify that y = cx − c2 is a solution of (y 0 )2 − xy 0 + y = 0. Also show that y = x2 /4
is also its solution. Note that we can not obtain the second solution from the given family of
curves such a solution is called singular solution. Also y = 0 and y = x2 /4 are two solutions
which satisfy y(0) = 0.
4. Verify that y = −1/(x + c) is a one parameter family of solutions of the differential equation:
y 0 = y 2 . Also find particular solutions such that (i) y(0) = 1, and (ii) y(0) = −1. In both the
cases, find the largest interval I of definition of the solution.
5. Verify that y = x2 + c as well as y = −x2 + k are solutions of first order D. E.(y 0 )2 = 4x2 .
6. Consider the equation y 0 = αy, x > 0, where α is a real constant. Show that
(i) if φ(x) is any solution and ξ(x) = φ(x)e−αx , then ξ(x) is a constant function.
(ii) if α < 0, show that every solution tend to zero.
 
ax+by+c
7. Reduce the equation y 0 = f lx+my+n , am − bl 6= 0 to a separable form. What happens if
am = bl? Solve the following equations:
dy x+y+4 dy x+y+4
(a) dx
= x−y−6
. (b) dx
= x+y−6
.
8. Verify that the following equations are homogeneous and solve them:
(a) (x2 − 2y 2 )dx + xydy = 0. (b) x2 y 0 − 3xy − 2y 2 = 0.
y y
(c) x2 y 0 = 3(x2 + y 2 ) tan−1 x
+ xy. (d) xy 0 = y + 2xe x .
9. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the following family of curves where a is an arbitrary
constant: (i) ex sin y = a, (ii) y 2 = ax3 .
10. Obtain general solution of the following differential equations:
 2
(a) (x + 2y + 1) − (2x + y1 )y 0 = 0 (b) y 0 = 8x−2y+1
4x−y−1
.