Disturbing Facts

 80% of world’s wealth is owned

by richest 20%
 Americans spend $8B yearly on
cosmetics, $2B more than the
amount needed to achieve free
basic education for all
 Disturbing Facts
 60,000 children die daily from hunger &
malnutrition (UNICEF)…yet
 Europeans spend $11B yearly on ice
cream, $2B more than needed to provide
adequate nutrition & water & sanitation
for all
 Americans & Europeans spend $17B yearly
on their pets, $4B more than needed to
provide adequate health care and
education for all
Closer to Home…
 From 1960 to 2000, Philippine
GNP grew 11 times while
Malaysia’s grew 39 times,
Thailand’s 48 times and Hong
Kong 172 times.
 Our economic growth has
tended to be narrow, shallow
and hollow.
Non-inclusive Growth
 Narrow: growth comes from very
few leading sectors (BPO, finance,
electronic components) and
geographic areas (NCR, III & IV)
 Shallow: bulk of exports come from
low domestic value added sectors
with little linkage to rest of economy
 Hollow: jobless, poverty-raising
growth
In 40 years …

 The upper 50% of families took 82.4%

of total income in 1961, and still held
82.2% in 2000.
 In 2006, the richest 1% composed of
about 150,000 families had
combined income equivalent to
those of the bottom 38% consisting
of almost 6 million families.
Environmental and human
degradation…
 Forest cover has dramatically
declined; coastal areas deteriorated;
rivers and lakes polluted.
 Quality of education for the masses
has remained poor and declining
 Health and nutrition of children from
poor families have worsened
Weak Governance

 Governance leaves much to be

desired
― graft and corruption
― low trust in politicians and
government institutions
― poor implementation and
enforcement
Development:
What is It?
Economic Growth 
Development
 Economic Growth
= Increase in Aggregate
Output of Goods &
Services
Measure of Growth:
Gross National Product
(GNP)
(Gawa Ng Pinoy)
Gross Domestic Product
(GDP)
(Gawa Dito sa Pilipinas)
What is Development?

 Freedom (A.K. Sen)

 Expansion of choices (UN)
Development is the
expansion of choices
toward sustained
improvement in the quality
of human lives
Measures of Development:
•GDP/GNP Per Capita
•Gini Ratio
•Human Development Index
(HDI)
•Minimum Basic Needs
(MBN) Adequacy
•Millennium Development
Goals
Development Must Be
Broad-Based (Inclusive)
• Geographic
– All regions
• Sectoral
– All groups
• Temporal
– All generations

 Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development -

addressing the needs of the

present without jeopardizing the
ability of future generations to
meet their needs”
Brundtland Commission
Sustainable Development


environmental
protection
Sustainable Development is Holistic,
Multidimensional Development
Social Economic

Ecological Political

Cultural Spiritual
Sustainable Development is
Participatory Development
Sustainable Development is
Integrative Development
 multi-dimensional
– addresses six
dimensions
 multi-stakeholder
– govt, civil society,
business
 multi-level
– global, national, local
 Sustainable Development:
A 3-Way Partnership
Civil Society Private Business
–advocacy – determines
–community production
service sustainability
–people – influences
participation consumption

Government
– structures of authority
– policies
– rules of behavior
 Development Plan:
What Is It?
 A document and a process that
organizes government actions
towards achieving desired
development outcomes
 Specifies actions in the form of
policies/policy reforms, strategies,
programs, projects & activities
 Defined over a given time period
(short, medium, long term); level of
detail varies according to time frame
Planning for Sustainable
Development: Why Plan?
 Facilitates efficient & effective problem
solving
 Assures responsiveness of government
initiatives
 Permits effective use of scarce
resources
 Helps attract additional funds (ODA)
 Promotes coordination (horizontal &
vertical)
Planning for Sustainable
Development: Why Plan?
 Encourages participation and
consultation; strengthens democracy
 Integrates aspirations and efforts
 Elicits commitment and involvement
 Encourages self-monitoring and
evaluation
Planning for Sustainable
Development: Who/For Whom?
 Planning Board/Commission (usually
composed of Cabinet Ministers)
 Planning Agency/Ministry/Unit/Office –
Technical Secretariat
 Multistakeholder Body (PCSD)
 Various levels/units of government –
Planning and Development Offices
 For whom: Multi-stakeholders –
General Public (PS & CS), Government
Personnel
Planning for Sustainable
Development: How?
 Built on people participation & action:
Ownership is crucial
 Seeks to reconcile divergent interests:
Look for win-win outcomes; optimize
tradeoffs
 Is a “living” process/document: Never
cast in stone
 Defines vertical and horizontal
coordination & cooperation: Across
sectoral departments; NGAs & LGUs
Planning for Sustainable
Development: Components
 Formulate the Vision
What do we want to be?
 Analyze the current situation
Where are we now?
 Set goals, objectives, targets
Where do we want to go?
 Craft development strategies
How do we get there?
Putting the Plan Into Action
 Implementation Mechanism and
Action Agenda (including
Legislative Agenda)
How do we ensure that we get there?
 Investment Program
What programs/projects will get us there?
 Effective Plan Monitoring &
Evaluation Mechanism
How will we know we’re getting there?
What Makes a Good Plan?
 Addresses multiple dimensions of
development in a balanced, holistic
and integrative manner
 Considers alternative scenarios/
directions
 Meets needs of ecosystem, apart from
human needs
 Promotes multi-stakeholder partnerships
 Ascribes accountabilities and time
frames
Problems of Plan Implementation
and Plan Failure
Problems of Plan Implementation
and Plan Failure
Gap Between Theory and Practice:
(1) Government failure to implement the plan
(2) Failure of theory to provide clear policy prescriptions

Plan Failure:
(1) Deficiencies in the plan
(2) Insufficient and unreliable data
(3) Unanticipated external and internal economic
shocks
(4) Institutional weaknesses
(5) Lack of political will