POLLUTION EFFECTS ON THE DAILY LIVING OF THE RESIDENTS OF

CATBALOGAN SEAWALL

Ray Mark Velarde

Kian Canes

Andrew Lozada

Freezie Borja

Elmira Ramos

Joanah Rose Balais

Elaine Lourdes Bacarra

Researchers

A Thesis study presented to SMCC

St’ Mary’s College of Catbalogan

Catbalogan City, Samar

Engr. Noel Palomas

Research Adviser
 Acknowledgement

The researcher would like to thank the following:

 To the Almighty God who has guided us in our ways. Answered all of our prayers and

giving strength despites the hardships and difficulties faced while making the study

possible.

 To the researcher’s parents and family who has supported the researcher physically,

emotionally and financially

 To the researcher’s adviser, Engr. Noel Palomas for the continuous encouragement

And to everyone who has helped in the fulfilment of the study. The researcher could not have done

this without all of your help and support.

i
 Chapter I

The Problem: Rationale and Background

A. Introduction

Water is the most vital element among the natural resources, and is critical for the

survival of all living organisms including human, food production, and economic development.

The quality of water is affected by human activities and is declining due to the rise of urbanization,

population growth, industrial production, climate change and other factors. The resulting water

pollution is a serious threat to the well-being of both the Earth and its population.

Water pollution can be defined in many ways. Usually, it means one or more

substances have built up in water to such an extent that they cause problems for animals or people.

Oceans, lakes, rivers, and other inland waters can naturally clean up a certain amount of pollution

by dispersing it harmlessly.

Water pollution also affects the health of water animals such as fish. When

humans consume these sick fish, the infections get passed and can take more serious form in the

human body. Apart from fish, water pollution also affects other plants and animals. And this in

turn affects human health.

Water pollution in general also leads to unsanitary and unhygienic conditions.

Use of polluted water for cleaning purposes does not yield any benefit. Water pollution affects

human health in disastrous ways. And if we continue to pollute the available water, it will most

definitely lead to diseases and deaths.

1
A. Statement of the Problem/Objectives

This study aims to determine the water pollution effects on the daily living of the
residents of Catbalogan Seawall

Specifically, it aims to answer the following objectives:

1. What is the extent human effects of water pollution:

a. Physical Health

b. Daily Habits

c. Mental Health

2. Is there a significant effect between Human and polluted water?

a. Health Status

b. Daily Performance

c. Mental Health Status

3.Is there any solution to lessen the effects of water pollution?

4. What human factor does the water pollution affects the most?

B. Null Hypotheses

a. Ho: There is no significant water pollution effects on the daily living of the residents of
Catbalogan Seawall.

2
C. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

The main concept of the present study is to determine the effects of water pollution on the

daily living of the residents of Catbalogan Seawall.

The figure given below shows the relationship of different variables including the input

variable which contains the factors that is affected by water pollution. 1-5 rating scale survey

questionnaires, data gathering, data interpretation and data analysis will be involved in the

Process. The Output will include the analysis of the effects of water pollution on the daily living

of the residents of Catbalogan seawall.

INPUT
Effects of Water PROCESS
pollution in terms of:

a. 1-5 rating scale

a. Physical Health survey questionnaire OUTPUT
b. Data Gathering
b. Daily Habits c. Data Interpretation
d. Data Analysis Analysis of the effects of
Water pollution on the
c. Mental Health
daily living of the
residents of Catbalogan
seawall.

Fig. 1.0 A Paradigm showing the relationship of different factors that is affected by water
pollution.

3
D. Significance of the Study

Water pollution is one of the major problems that affects the daily living of the residents.

Problems that mostly affect our health, daily habits, mental health.

With this study, the researcher will determine the if the water pollution in their area

affects their daily activity

First and foremost are the Residents who are living in the seawall. They’re the main

respondents in this case. This will help them attain problems in their area. This will also help

them in evaluating the effects of water pollution.

Next are the Government Officials that is in charge. With the help of the present study

they can be guided on their responsibility on maintaining the cleanliness of the area, and also to

assist the affected.

This will also benefit the Future researchers; this study can guide the future researchers

who are also trying to figure out the effects of water pollution. Another is they can use this in

their related studies, so that they can provide some analysis.

Lastly the City itself, Catbalogan City. The result of this study may encourage the

government to assist the residents who are living in that area, not only in the seawall but also to

the other affected spots.

4
E. Scope and Limitation

This study was applied to the residents of Catbalogan Seawall. The researcher has

included the random chosen residents that answered the given survey as the respondents.

Data and other information was gathered using a 1-5 rating scale survey questionnaire

which focused on the main objective which is to determine the reached effects of water pollution.

F. Definition of Key Terms

To fully understand the content more clearly, here are the following terms found in this

study (defined conceptually and operationally).

Seawall - is a form of coastal defense constructed where the sea, and associated

coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of the coast.

Water Pollution - is the contamination of waterbodies, usually as a result of human

activities. Waterbodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater.

Daily Habits - often refers to a usual way of behaving or a tendency that someone

has settled into.

Health - the condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit; especially : freedom

from physical disease or pain.

5
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

A. Review of Related Literature

Presented in the Review of related literature are the synthesis of literature review, scholarly

articles, books and other sources relevant to a particular area of the research. Related Literature

also presents previous research topics that supports the study.

Water resources are said to be polluted because of man's action in adding or causing the

adding of matter to the water or altering the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of

water to such an extent that it‘s utility for any reasonable purpose or its environmental value is

demonstrably depreciated.

According to world health organization (WHO), about a million Filipinos get sick with

water-borne diseases yearly. And these are diarrhea case alone. They don’t include water borne

disease like Amoebiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, and Cholera.

These problems are accredited to the poor water system in the Philippines. Even in the

capital Manila, only three fourths of the population receive piped water from the municipality

authority. Outside Manila far fewer people have access to clean water distribution.

According to (Postel, 1997) More than 70% of the fresh water in liquid form of our country

is converted into being unfit for consumption. Not only Philippines, but other countries are also

suffering from the same problem.

6
 This has been explained clearly by the help of considerable number of references in this

paper. Various sources of pollution such as sewage discharge, industrial effluents and agricultural

runoff and their potential has been studied in mass. Various prescribed standards for different

category of inland water have been explained. The paper also consists of the potential and extent

of various components which pollute the water. Finally, effect of water pollution has been shown

in nutshell.

Various resources of water at global level have been studied and explained by Gleick

(1993). In his studies Falkenmark (1993) has pointed out the importance of pure water and its

importance in the near future. A multidimensional aspect of water has been studied by Edwards et

al. (1989). Chemical and biological aspects and their interactions in polluted water have been

discussed in the work of Dugan (1972). Urban civilization requires more water as compared to the

rural and also the quality of discharged water of the urban area is chemically more toxic (Bandy,

1984).

Water related diseases present a human tragedy, killing millions of people each year,

preventing millions more from leading healthy lives, and undermining development efforts

(Olshansky et al, 1997). About 2.3 billion people in the world suffer from diseases that are linked

to contaminated water (Kristof, 1997).

Water-borne diseases are "dirty-water" diseases-ie those caused by water that has been

contaminated by human, animal, or chemical wastes. Worldwide, the lack of sanitary waste

disposal and the lack of clean water for dnnking, cooking, and washing is the cause for over 12

million deaths a year (USAID, 1990).

7
 Water-borne diseases include cholera, typhoid, shiegella, polio, meningitis, and hepatitis

A and E. Human beings and animals act as hosts to the bacterial, viral, or protozoal organisms that

cause these diseases. Millions of people have little access to sanitary waste disposal or to clean

water for personal hygiene. Over 1.2 billion people are at risk because they lack access to safe

freshwater (Khan, 1997).

Where ever proper sanitation facilities are lacking, water-borne diseases can spread rapidly.

The extent to which disease organisms occur in specific freshwater sources depends on the amount

of human and animal excreta that they contain (Bowman, 1994).

We seek to remedy this shortcoming by asking whether industrial activity, measured at the

neighborhood level, has a negative impact on individual psychological well-being. Drawing upon

the sociology of mental health and environmental inequality studies we hypothesize that residential

proximity to industrial activity has a negative impact on mental health and that this impact is both

direct and mediated by individual perceptions of neighborhood disorder and feelings of personal

powerlessness. Finally, we hypothesize that the negative impact of industrial activity upon mental

health is more pronounced for minorities and the poor than it is for whites and wealthier

individuals.

8
 B. Review of Related Studies

Base on the study of Saba Ishmail (2018) Water pollution is a national and global issue.

Humans and all living species in the world are facing worst results of polluted water. The present

study investigates the level of awareness about water pollution in Delhi, its causes, its health effects

and solutions among the youth in Delhi. The paper has used primary data collected through a

schedule from university/college students in Delhi.

The study concludes that the majority of educated youth (94%) perceives water

pollution as environmental challenge and 52% respondents ranked it (1-3) as most important

threat. The study identified dumping of waste as one of the most important causes of water

pollution; untreated sewage as the second most important cause of water pollution and industrial

discharge as the third most important cause of water pollution.

The study identified Typhoid, Diarrhoea, Dengue, Cholera, Jaundice, Malaria,

Chikungunya, etc are associated with water pollution on the basis of survey. The study suggests

awareness campaign involving citizens and strict enforcement of environmental laws by concerned

agencies as the appropriate solution to control environment degradation. It is recommended that

there should be proper waste disposal system and waste should be treated before entering in to

river and water bodies.

Another Study of B. Kabir (2009) Qualitative information suggests that there may be a link

between the pollution and health problems. Skin problems, allergic conditions, itching and other

skin lesions are contact-type diseases.

9
 We believe that the idea that water scarcity leads automatically to loss of livelihood is over-

simplified. Kemp-Benedict (2008 Kemp-Benedict, E. 1–5 February 2008 2008. Impacts of water-

related interventions on the livelihoods of the poor: Mekong-Example, 1–5 February 2008, Cali, ,

Colombia: Presented at: Basin Focal Project: Review and Planning Meeting. analysed the links

between livelihood assets and well-being in the Mekong Basin to show the partial correlations

with other poverty measures.

Other detailed case studies show that the link between agricultural water management and

poverty can be extremely variable and complex (Castillo et al. 2007 Castillo, G. E. 2007.

“Reversing the flow: agricultural water management pathways for poverty reduction”. In Water

for Food, Water for Life, Edited by: Molden, D. 149–191. Colombo and London: IWMI and

Earthscan.

Although all such insights are useful, the challenge is to bridge the gap between broad

trends in basin systems and detailed insights from case studies, which, no matter how valid, do not

easily relate to the global problem.

Another Study of B. Kabir (2009) Qualitative information suggests that there may be a link

between the pollution and health problems. Skin problems, allergic conditions, itching and other

skin lesions are contact-type diseases. It found that the alkali water, which is likely to be

attributable to the extensive use of the alkalis soda ash and caustic soda in the textile dyeing

industry.

10
 Almost all participants of interview claimed to have experienced skin problems because of

their frequent contact with water, and some participants were currently suffering from skin

problems. They willingly showed the team the skin lesions in their bodies, particularly in hands

and legs.

While talking to the local doctors and village practitioners, it was found that the drugs for

skin problems, both traditional and allopathic, were the highest selling drugs in the locality. The

symptoms of the skin conditions include a rash, boils and irritation. There are two main reasons

given by the communities as to the source of the problem. The first is that it is spread by contact

especially among children who are living in unhealthy environments.

Environmental contaminants are ubiquitous. Among the most studied environmental

contaminants, lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides have been found to impact

mental health. In particular, exposure to environmental contaminants has been related to executive

functions and emotional/behavioural maladjustment in children, and cognitive variability in elders.

We hypothesise that the association between environmental contaminants and mental health,

particularly in children and elders, could be explained by a disruption of the stress system.

The hypothesis of the stress system, linking environmental contaminant exposure to

adverse mental health effects, needsto be addressed in future research. In addition, in cases of

environmental contaminants toxicity, clinicians could recommend the testing of the hypothalamic–

pituitary–adrenal axis functioning in order to prevent children and/or the elderly to develop

impairments due to its alteration. Lanoix D, Plusquellec(2013)

11
 Chapter III

Methodology

This presents the methods to be used in the study. It also describes the subjects

of the study, the instruments used, the procedure of data gathering, and the statistical treatment of

the data. This chapter will include and tackle the contents of the following: Research Design,

Sampling Design and Technique, the subjects, research instrument, validation of the research

instrument, data gathering procedure and method, and also Statistical Treatment.

A. RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher used a Survey type of research design.

Survey research is the collection of data attained by asking individuals questions

either in person, on paper, by phone or online. Conducting surveys is one form of primary

research, which is the gathering data first-hand from its source. The information collected may

also be accessed subsequently by other parties in secondary research.

The researcher used this design because it is the most applicable and appropriate

type for this kind of research study.

12
B. SAMPLING DESIGN AND TECNIQUE

Sampling method refers to the rules and procedures by which some elements of the

population are included in the sample.

In this study, the researcher used a Simple Random Sampling Technique since it is an

unbiased surveying technique and the most appropriate sampling design for this thesis. Simple

random sampling is a basic type of sampling, since it can be a component of other more complex

sampling methods. The principle of simple random sampling is that every object has the same

probability of being chosen. The population that will be included in the study is less than 50.

C. The Subjects

Based from the title of the study, the researchers have gathered data from the Residents of

Catbalogan Sea Wall. The researchers have asked the residents about their basic information

such as name, age, and educational background. After gathering information, survey was

conducted.

D. The Research Instrument

50 questionnaires were distributed to gather information that will help in answering the

specific objectives of this study. The researcher used the 1-5 rating scale type of questionnaire

representing Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often Always.

13
E. Validation of the Research Instrument

Before the distributions of the said questionnaires, the researcher asked the research

adviser to clarify and correct errors that might confuse the subjects. With the help of the

teacher’s suggestions the researcher can enhance her survey to attain better result of this study.

F. Data Gathering Procedures

After the validation of the research instrument, the researchers will proceed in the

distribution of the 50 questionnaires. The subjects are allowed to not add or specify their name in

the yes/no style survey. After they completed the questionnaire the researcher will retrieved them

immediately and to ensure that the results will be intact, then proponent will count and check if

the survey questionnaires are complete.

G. Data Gathering Method

After the retrieval of the surveys, the researcher will proceed in completing the data and

the following tasks below:

1. Tabulation of data from the subjects

2. Analysing of the given data

3. Conducting trials in the tabulation of the results to have an accurate result

4. Finalizing of the results

14
H. Statistical Treatment

The researcher will use Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as the statistical treatment of this

study. ANOVA is a statistical technique that assesses potential differences in a scale-level

dependent variable by a nominal-level variable having 2 or more categories.

Researchers and students use ANOVA in many ways. The use of ANOVA depends on

the research design. Commonly, ANOVAs are used in three ways: one-way ANOVA, two-way

ANOVA, and N-way ANOVA. A researcher can also use more than two independent variables,

and this is an n-way ANOVA (with n being the number of independent variables you have).

(http://www.statisticssolutions.com/manova-analysis-anova/)

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is the most appropriate tool for this study. This will help

in determining if the Null Hypotheses of this study is rejected or accepted.

15
 Chapter IV

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation

of the Data

This Chapter presents the findings, analysis and interpretation of data based on the specific

questions presented in this particular study.

Included in this chapter are the tabular presentation of the evaluation of the Effects of

water pollution on the daily living of the Residents of Catbalogan Seawall as perceived with the

respective factors and the test of hypothesis using statistical tool and the implications of the

study.

The researchers will present the collected data as well the analysis made on the collected

data, the data will be interpreted accordinglyt o the variance and values. Also, include the result

of the One-way ANOVA conducted by the researcher to determine if the null hypothesis will be

accepted or rejected.

16
A. Result

Extent effects of water pollution on the Daily habits of the residents

The table below shows the weighted mean of extent effects of water pollution on the daily

habits of the residents of Catbalogan seawall.

The respondents gave their ratings based on the questions. The item

“Polluted/Contaminated Water affects your decision making” rank first with an average of 4,

while the item “Polluted/Contaminated water affects your sleep.” rank least with an average of

3.5.

INTEREST Weighted Mean Rank Verbal

Interpretation

1. Polluted/Contaminated Water affects 4 1 Often

your decision making

2. Polluted/Contaminated Water affects 3.73 3.5 Often

your diet

3. Contaminated/ polluted water affects 3.73 3.5 Often

your study.

4. Polluted/Contaminated water affects 3.5 5 Often

your sleep.

5. Polluted/Contaminated water affects 3.8 2 Often

your daily task.

Average Weighted Mean 3.75 Often

Table 4.1: Extent effects of water pollution on the Daily habits of the residents.

17
Extent effects of water pollution on the Physical Health of the residents.

The table below shows the weighted mean of extent effects of water pollution on the

Health of the residents of Catbalogan seawall.

The respondents gave their ratings based on the questions. “Polluted/Contaminated Water

cause dizziness” rank first with an average of 4.6, while the item “Polluted/Contaminated Water

cause weariness.” rank least with an average of 4.2.

Table 4.2: Extent effects of water pollution on the Physical Health of the residents.

INTEREST Weighted Mean Rank Verbal

Interpretation

1. Polluted/Contaminated Water triggers 4.5 2 Often

your allergies

2. Polluted/Contaminated Water cause 4.3 3.5 Often

headache.

3. Polluted/Contaminated Water cause 4.6 1 Always

dizziness.

4. Polluted/Contaminated Water cause 4.2 5 Often

weariness.

5. Polluted/Contaminated Water cause 4.3 3.5 Often

skin problems.

Average Weighted Mean 4.38 Often

18
Extent effects of water pollution on the Mental Health of the residents.

The table below shows the weighted mean of extent effects of water pollution on the

Health of the residents of Catbalogan seawall.

The respondents gave their ratings based on the questions. “The item “Contaminated/

Polluted water cause stress.” rank first with an average of 4.6, while the item

“Polluted/Contaminated Water cause anxiety.” rank least with an average of 4.2.

Table 4.2: Extent effects of water pollution on the Mental Health of the residents.

INTEREST Weighted Mean Rank Verbal

Interpretation

1. Polluted/Contaminated Water affects 3.57 3.5 Often

your mood.

2. Contaminated/ Polluted water cause 3.83 1 Often

stress.

3. Polluted/Contaminated Water affects 3.57 3.5 Often

your emotions.

4. Polluted/Contaminated Water cause 3.4 5 Sometimes

anxiety.

5. Polluted water affects your mindset. 3.67 2 Often

Average Weighted Mean 3.61 Often

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Table 4.3: One-way Analysis of Variance Results for the Water Pollution effect on the

Daily living of the Residents of Catbalogan Seawall

Number of Groups 3

Level of Significance 0.05

Group n Mean Std Dev

1 5 3.75 0.36

2 5 4.38 0.33

3 5 3.61 0.32

Source SS df MS F P

Between 1.68 2 0.84 7.52 0.0076

Error 1.34 12 0.11

Total 3.02 14

20
Where:

SS= Sum of Squares

df = Degrees of freedom

MS= Mean Square

F= f value

F-value Critical Value

7.52 > 5.41

B. Discussion
The table shows the one-way analysis of variance results of this study entitled “Water

Pollution Effects on the Daily living of the Residents of Catbalogan Seawall”. The data states

that the critical t-value of 5.41 proved to be less than the computed F-value which is 7.52. If the

f-value is less than the critical value, reject the accept hypothesis. Since the f-value is greater

than the critical value, the researcher will reject the null hypothesis.

F= 7.52 > p = 5.41, Therefore there is a significant Water pollution effects on the Daily

Living of the residents of Catbalogan Seawall.

21
 Chapter V

Summary, Findings, Conclusion ad Recommendation

This chapter presents the summary, findings, and conclusion based findings and a

recommendation to further develop this study.

A. Summary

This study was conducted in St. Mary’s College of Catbalogan (SMCC) with a total of 50

respondents from the Residents of Catbalogan Seawall. Descriptive study was used in this study.

The researcher used a 1-5 rating scale survey method in order to determine if there is a relationship

between the stated variables.

This study was conducted to determine the Water Pollution Effects on the daily living of

the residents of Catbalogan Seawall. It aims to answer the following questions or statement:

What is the extent human effects of water pollution in terms of: Physical Health, Daily habits,

and Mental Health. Is there a significant effect between Human and polluted water: in terms of

health status, Daily performance and mental health. Through this problem stated, the researcher

came up with the following null hypothesis: Is there a significant water pollution effects on the

daily living of the residents of Catbalogan Seawall?

After the survey was conducted, the researcher gathered all the data and used weighted

mean and rank them in order with verbal interpretation to determine the water pollution effects

on the daily living of the residents of Catbalogan Seawall. To determine if the null hypothesis

should be rejected we used ANOVA or Analysis of Variance as the statistical treatment.

22
B. Findings

The following findings were delivered based on the result of this study:

1. Extent Human effects of Water Pollution:

a. Daily Habits –

The respondents gave their ratings based on the questions. The item

“Polluted/Contaminated Water affects your decision making” rank first with an

average of 4, while the item “Polluted/Contaminated water affects your sleep.” rank

least with an average of 3.5.

b. Physical Health -

The respondents gave their ratings based on the questions.

“Polluted/Contaminated Water cause dizziness” rank first with an average of 4.6,

while the item “Polluted/Contaminated Water cause weariness.” rank least with an

average of 4.2.

c. Mental Health -

The respondents gave their ratings based on the questions. “The item

“Contaminated/ Polluted water cause stress.” rank first with an average of 4.6, while

the item “Polluted/Contaminated Water cause anxiety.” rank least with an average of

4.2.

23
C. Conclusion

1. In all three factors, majority responded with the verbal interpretation ‘often’. Most of them are

in favour that there is a significant water pollution effects on their daily living.

2. With the corresponding value of F-value and the critical value for the ANOVA computation,

therefore the researchers conclude that there is a significant Water Pollution effects on the daily

Living of the Residents of Catbalogan Seawall.

D. Recommendations

Based on the conclusion made, the following recommendations are given:

1. The researcher recommend that the future proponents that will conduct a study related to this

must determine more focused result on the effects.

2. To include more factors to determine the extent or the relationship with the other variables.

3. A more thorough or concentrated research study

4. The government officials can use this study as a guide to assist the affected residents.

24
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https://solarimpulse.com/water-pollution-

solutions?gclid=CjwKCAiAqaTjBRAdEiwAOdx9xprInyASFNWV_imeZbea9GxgrcaDUlV8-

A7gY6CuBaJynBZ1cCiyCRoCzjsQAvD_BwE

http://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/water-pollution-and-human-health-7925.html

http://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/how-does-water-pollution-affect-humans

https://www.onlymyhealth.com/how-water-pollution-affects-human-health-1300277070

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPqeVhtOXEo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBXkKOPZDsc

https://www.activesustainability.com/water/causes-consequences-water-pollution/

http://eschooltoday.com/pollution/water-pollution/effects-of-water-pollution.html

https://www.nrdc.org/stories/water-pollution-everything-you-need-know

http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/tt.pdf

http://stattrek.com/statistics/dictionary.aspx?definition=Sample%20design

ttps://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/survey-research

https://www.slideshare.net/arlene5162/writing-chapter-3

iii
Appendices

iv
 Table of Contents Page

Acknowledgement i

Table of Contents ii

Chapter I 1

Introduction

Statement of the Problem 2

Null Hypothesis

Conceptual Framework 3

Significance of the study 4

Scope and Limitations 5

Definition of Terms

Chapter II: Review of Related Literature 6

Review of Related Studies 9

Chapter III: Methodology 12

Research Design

Sampling Design and Technique 13

The Subject
 The Research Instrument

Validation of Research Instrument 14

Data Gathering Procedure

Data Processing Method

Statistical Treatment 15

Chapter IV: Presentation, Analysis and

16

Interpretation of the Data

17
Results

Chapter V: Summary, Findings, Conclusions,

Recommendation
22

Summary

23
Findings

Conclusions 24

Recommendation
Bibliography
iii

Appendix iv

v
Curriculum Vitae