Desired Learning Competencies

Students must be able to:

1. Define history as a discipline
2. Identify the significance of studying Philippine history and its importance in nation-building

Assessment Task
 Each student will make a concept map using only 5 words to define history and write a 50-word essay on
what the Philippines would be like 10 years from now if the study of history would be stopped today. Options
for MI purposes: write an original song or poem, draw caricature (maybe submitted the following meeting).
 Agreed rubric will guide the scoring process.

Instructional Activity
 Short discussion to introduce history as a discipline, its operational definition and its value
 Short interactive exchange with students using effective questioning technique
 Validation of rubric for scoring the essay
 Individual work

Deepening

History – the study of the past (broad: all past events; realistic: known past) in relation to humans

Historiography – the written record of what is known of human lives and societies in the past and how
historians have attempted to understand them.

Of all the fields of serious study and literary effort, history may be the hardest to define
precisely, because the attempt to uncover past events and formulate an intelligible account of
them necessarily involves the use and influence of many auxiliary disciplines and literary
forms. The concern of all serious historians has been to collect and record facts about the
human past and often to discover new facts. They have known that the information they have
is incomplete, partly incorrect, or biased and requires careful attention. All have tried to
discover in the facts patterns of meaning addressed to the enduring questions of human life.

Until modern times, history was regarded primarily as a special kind of literature that shared
many techniques and effects with fictional narrative. Historians were committed to factual
materials and personal truthfulness, but like writers of fiction they wrote detailed narratives of
events and vivid character sketches with great attention to language and style. The complex
relations between literary art and historiography have been and continue to be a subject of
serious debate.

https://www.shoreline.edu/faculty/kinsel/history-discipline.aspx

Throughout the world, studying history is an essential element of a good liberal arts education. Knowledge of history
is indispensable to understanding who we are and where we fit in the world.
 As a discipline, history is the study of the past. In other words, historians study and interpret the past. In order to
do this, they must find evidence about the past, ask questions of that evidence, and come up with
explanations that make sense of what the evidence says about the peoples, events, places, and time periods
under consideration. Because it is impossible for a single historian to study the history of all peoples, events,
places, and time periods, historians develop specialties within the discipline. Historians may study the history of
particular groups of people (e.g. women's history or African-American history), they may study particular events (e.g.
history of the Vietnam War or the Crusades), they may study the history of a single country or region (e.g. Pacific
Northwest history or Chinese history), or they may confine their interest to a limited time period (e.g. early American
history or Medieval history).
In addition to limiting the scope of their historical study, historians also take different approaches to their inquiries.
For example, they may decide to look at the cultural or social relationships between the people they are studying, at
the intellectual or religious debates within a particular society or group, at the political or economic history of a
country or region, or at the history of the environment or science and technology during a pivotal time frame.
Because different historians take different approaches to their research and writing, and because individual historians
bring different perspectives and different questions to their work, historical interpretations are constantly changing
and evolving.
The study of history is therefore dynamic and forever new. Far from being the study of facts and dates,
understanding history means understanding how to read and interpret the past. It is through reading and interpreting
our various pasts that we can know and understand the present and the future.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History

History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation")[2] is the study of the
past, particularly how it relates to humans.[3][4] It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the
memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events.
Scholars who write about history are called historians. Events occurring before written record are considered
prehistory.
History can also refer to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyse a sequence of past
events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them.[5][6] Historians sometimes
debate the nature of history and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a
way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present.[5][7][8][9]
Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding King
Arthur), are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends, because they do not show the "disinterested
investigation" required of the discipline of history.[10][11] Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian is considered
within the Western tradition to be the "father of history", and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, helped form
the foundations for the modern study of human history. Their works continue to be read today, and the gap between
the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in
modern historical writing. In Asia, a state chronicle, the Spring and Autumn Annals was known to be compiled from
as early as 722 BC although only 2nd century BC texts survived.
Ancient influences have helped spawn variant interpretations of the nature of history which have evolved over the
centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of
specific regions and the study of certain topical or thematical elements of historical investigation. Often history is
taught as part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a major discipline in
university studies.

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-importance-of-the-Philippine-history

History, obviously, has a great impact on the present. It explains why are we in certain situation and what events led
to that situation.

If History is taken with just dates and events then it is limited and may not truly answer the "why".
If History, taken with a multidisciplinary approach then it can explain a lot as you are looking under different lenses
such as Psychology, Political Science, Sociology, Economics, among others.

In the context of Philippine History, the answer is the same.

If we know and understand the reasons behind the smalls events that led to our "current" situation then we may know
how to solve our that situation.

For example, the "current" situation of OFWs working for other countries,

What caused them to become an OFW?

Here is just a list of possible reasons for being an OFW

 Low Wage, e. i. not enough to support family
 No work available
 No educational attainment (e.g. only finished High School)

We can trace those reasons to other situations that led to that event,

Economics: From micro events such as no money for college to macro events such as the economy crashed or it is
bad to begin with.

Sociology: We can also say that many are attracted to become OFWs because others are doing it.

Psychology: Being an OFW may only be the last resort in order to satisfy the needs of the family.

Political Science: In terms of the concept of power, a higher authority such as a parent may then coerced that person
to become an OFW. (This stretches PoliSci far but this is only used as an example).

The reasons then have their own situations that led to it.

Also, in "my" field which is Psychology, "History" is also used to assess a company to improve its efficiency or to help
person who has a problem.

Note that History is just a lens to understand society. The others "lens" include disciplines such as the ones
mentioned above.

A multidisciplinary approach is the best way to understand the reasons behind our current situation, history is just
one of those approaches.

http://definitelyfilipino.com/blog/why-philippine-history-is-important-to-learn-are-filipino-people-and-our-political-
leaders-failed-patriotism/

Why Philippine history is important to learn? Are our schools failed patriotism?
History is important in education and should be studied for several reasons. First of all, if you take a moment to think
about it, the past has value to our society. It helps to show how we’ve gotten to where we are now, and understand
why our country is not progressing for many decades now.
Our view of history shapes the way we view the present, and therefore it could be easier for new generations to
preserve history and pass it on into the future generations to know what has really happened in the past. Just by
doing this, as a result, it dictates what we should do.
Philippine youths should be aware of their own respective culture to know the history of their own country. Therefore,
the country’s history should be kept in mind by educating the youths about this awareness so it will then keep fresh in
their minds at all times. Maybe this will help Filipino people why they keep repeating the same mistakes over and
over again.
I strongly believe that we must show every child in the Philippines what they need to learn and know about their own
country’s history, so that our children and our children’s children can live by the truth. I think it’s definitely crucial for
Philippines youth to have a good understanding of our history.
To understand the importance of being truthful to others, especially young ones, there is no doubt that our future
leaders will become competent and honest to its people. If we want to help make sure our country a better place to
live, strengthen growth and confidence, we need to create a better honest society. We do need to do all of that, it’s
vital to the future of our country.
“The life of a nation is secure only while the nation is honest, truthful, and virtuous.” Frederick Douglass said.
In my opinion, these people who do not know their past and heritage are not as patriotic as those who do. Simply
stated, patriotism is a personal display of love and devotion to our country. It’s very obvious patriotism is not enough
in our schools.
Our schools must teach Filipino children patriotism and be given patriotic exercises. Learning more about the history
of your country will not only strengthen your love, but it also displays a deeper longing to understand your country.
I do question our Philippine leaders and anyone else’s patriotism with a most humble heart, have we been
displaying patriotism?
For example, where was the outrage of the Filipino people during the Sabah standoff?? Our so-called leaders do not
have the courage to make the tough decisions handling this kind of situation.
The word Patriot has different meanings to different people. Bur for me the term “Patriot” simply means an intense
love of one’s motherland and a passionate devotion to it. In my personal opinion, yes, patriotism still does matter to
me.
I have never seen a more embarrassing example of the government current administration actions regarding this
matter. It’s a sign of leadership failure. It seems like everything is wrong and is so untrue.
It seems evident to me that most of our leaders don’t know a lot about our country’s own history. These are the things
that bring disgrace to us all. Well, I think it’s much more better than pretending to know things that you don’t know.
In this regard, they should blame themselves for their ignorance of the Sabah claim. Because of this ignorance they
cannot protect the security of Filipinos overseas. It’s the government legal duty to protect them. As leaders, their
most sincere responsibility is the security of their own people and to defend the country against any threat.
The public has lost faith and trust in our political leaders. Barely one has confidence that our leaders and the
government have the ability to fix our ongoing problems with our country today. We need to correct the government’s
conduct.
To show love for our country, it’s our responsibility to questions our government leaders, and most importantly we
need our leaders to do the job required of them.
Every citizen can be patriotic, everyday citizens can make wonderful patriots. And to be patriotic means something
different to everyone. Being a patriot doesn’t have requirements, but it does require a love of country.
Patriotism is not simply showing up to vote. You’re voting because the best opinion you can voice is at the voting
place. It’s the people’s right to free themselves of a government that becomes unhelpful for the sake of our children,
our children’s children, our future, our country’s future, our freedom and yours.
My fellow countrymen: When reading about all our forefathers did, I can’t help but think that if our
forefathers were alive today, what would they think of our country Philippines?? But I believe that they’re
free!

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080617203002AA9rRXb

What is the significance of studying Philippine history?

The Philippines, for being such a small place, has a HUGE history.
Asian and Polynesian, a mix that came together and made it work.
Ancient seafarers and merchant seamen.
A people known for their incredible strength and perseverance.
Keep in mind, it took the United States THREE YEARS to get into WWII.
For THREE YEARS.... in the Pacific... the ONLY people fighting the Axis Powers.... was Australia.... and the
Philippines.
They fought the Japanese with literally everything they had.
Japan was an industrialized nation, strong with weapons, and a powerful war machine.
The Philippines were farmers and merchants.
HARDLY what you would have called an "industrialized nation".
Yet they stood, and they stood damned strong!
Their preservation as a people alone would be worth studying by itself.
They might have got whipped, but they were never beaten.
They are some our and Australia's greatest allies, and we are damned lucky to have them.
They are an incredible people, and I have quite a fondness for them, much like our great General Douglas MacArthur
did.
They are an ancient people with a strong and enduring history, and if anything else, they greatly deserve our respect
in understanding and getting to know them as our friends.

Anyway, Philippine history IS a part of American history, from their independence from Spain, to the Philippine-
American War of 1899 to WWII and the Battle for the Pacific, to the Filipino migration to the US.
Hawaii and the Philippines are the heart of America in the Pacific.

Practically, studying Philippine history will help you understand the culture that filipinos have today. For example, why
Filipinos think so highly of the Americans. i had an experience while i was walking on a street. there was a white guy
who passed by on the other street and kids playing around started yelling, "Hey joe! hey joe!". That's all they could
say to the white guy. It is because the kids are shy and could only talk to him at a far enough distance. You will learn
why that is in phil. history! Also, u will learn the martial law era and people power. You'll see how people were
committed to voice out their opinion. That and all other great things... if u want to learn phil. history

Rubric

Written communication (50 points)

 Organization
o Inadequate (10 points): There appears to be no organization of the essay’s contents.
o Needs Improvement (15 points): Organization of the essay is difficult to follow, due to inadequate
transitions and/or rambling format.
o Adequate (20 points): The essay can be easily followed. A combination of the following is
apparent: Basic transitions are used; a structured format is used.
o Professional quality (25 points): The essay can be easily followed. A combination of the following
is apparent: Effective transitions are used; a professional format is used.
 Mechanics and grammar
o Inadequate (10 points): Sentences and paragraphs are difficult to read and understand due to
poor grammar or mechanics
o Needs improvement (15 points): The essay contains numerous grammatical and mechanical
errors.
o Adequate (20 points): The essay contains minimal grammatical or mechanical errors.
o Professional quality (25 points): The essay is clear and concise and contains no grammatical or
mechanical errors.
Content (50 points)
 Correctness of facts
o Inadequate (10 points): Most facts are wrong.
 Needs improvement (15 points): Some facts are wrong.
o
Adequate (20 points): Technical details are generally correct.
o
Professional quality (25 points): All facts are correct, and the technical explanation is both concise
o
and complete.
 Completeness
o Inadequate (10 points): Did not address some of the questions.
o Needs improvement (15 points): Addressed the questions, but provided few details.
o Adequate (20 points): Address the questions, but left out some details.
o Professional quality (25 points): Addressed all questions completely.

SCORING RUBRIC FOR WRITTEN ESSAYS IN UPPER-LEVEL FL COURSES

SCORE CRITERIA

CONTENT:
Excellent to very good: knowledgeable; substantive, thorough development of the thesis,
including appropriate examples; quotations are well chosen to support the argument;
37-40 quotations are well integrated and presented correctly, good analysis and synthesis of the
material; literary devices noted and analyzed, good use of comparison and contrast, critical
inquiry and interpretation. Interpretation is imaginative and nuanced.
Good to average: some knowledge of the subject; adequate range of analysis and
synthesis; limited thematic development and use of examples; mostly relevant to the topic,
32-36 but lacks detail in critical interpretation of the material; quotations support the argument
somewhat; quotations are adequately integrated, but may be too long or short. Interpretation
shows some originality.
Fair to poor: limited knowledge of the subject; minimal substance, analysis and synthesis;
27-31 poor thematic development, use of examples and critical interpretation of the material;
inadequate use of quotations. Interpretation is predictable and/or unfocused.
Very poor: shows little or no knowledge of the subject; lacking analysis or synthesis of the
23-26 material and lacking good examples; inadequate quantity; not relevant, or not enough to
rate. Interpretation is overly predictable.
ORGANIZATION AND FORMAT:
Excellent to very good: clear statement of ideas; title that orients the reader to the thesis;
clear organization (beginning, middle, and end) and smooth transitions; introduction leads
reader into topic; conclusion effectively summarizes main findings and follows logically from
27-30
the analysis presented, logical and cohesive sequencing both between and within
paragraphs; quotations/footnotes properly cited; length, spacing, fonts, margins, numbered
pages all carefully adhered to.
Good to average: main ideas clear but loosely organized or connected; title pertinent to the
22-26
thesis; sequencing logical but incomplete; bibliographical material and formatting adequate.
Fair to poor: ideas not well connected; title too general; poor organization and transitions;
17-21
logical sequencing and development lacking; formatting inadequate.
Very poor: ideas not communicated; no title; organization, sequencing and transitions
13-16
lacking, or not enough to rate, formatting lacking.

GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY, AND FLUENCY:

 Excellent to very good: fluent expression; accurate use of relatively complex structures; very
18-20 few grammatical errors. Complex range of vocabulary; accurate word/idiom choice; mastery
of word forms and expressions; appropriate level of usage.
Good to average: adequate fluency; simple constructions used effectively; some problems in
14-17
use of complex constructions; some grammar and spelling errors.
Fair to poor: low fluency; significant mistakes in the use of complex constructions; frequent
10-13
grammar and spelling errors, lack of accuracy interferes with meaning.
Very poor: lacks fluency; no mastery of simple sentence construction; text dominated by
7-9
errors; does not communicate meaning, or not enough to rate.

SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS:
Excellent to very good: all supporting documents required are attached and appropriately
labeled: 1) a typed first draft; 2) peer review and evidence that you have addressed these
8-10
comments , 3) the checklist/reflective statement, and 4) final draft reflecting all previous
work.
6-7 Good to average: checklist/reflective statement missing.
3-5 Fair to poor: Two of the supporting documents missing.
1-2 Very poor: Three of the supporting documents missing.