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Piston forms the lower part of the combustion chamber. It seals the
cylinder and transmits the gas pressure to the connecting rod. The
piston absorbs heat of combustion and this heat must be conducted
away if the metal temperature is to kept in safe limits. The Piston
comprises of two pieces; the crown and the skirt.
Fig: Piston
Fig:Handling piston
The cast iron skirt acts as a guide within the cylinder liner. It is only a
short skirt on engines with an exhaust valve (known as uniflow
scavenged engines), as unlike a trunk piston engine, no side thrust is
transmitted to the liner (that's the job of the crosshead guides).
The crown of a piston is subjected to a very high gas pressure which will
subject the top surface of the crown to compressive loading and the
lower surface of crown will be under tensile loading. The piston crown
will be like a uniformly loaded beam
As the piston moving upward, towards the end of its stroke its velocity
will be reducing.The inertia effect will tend to cause the piston to bow
upwards, so that the surface of the crown along with sides will be under
tensile loading and lower surface of the crown will be under compressive
loading When the piston is retarded on its approach downwards to BDC,
the inertia effect will be reversed
Clearance avoids piston crown edge touching liner due to thermal stress