9.

8 Problems of Maxima and Minima

dy d2y
x = α that satisfies  0 will minimize y if the value of  0 at x = α
dx dx 2
dy d2y
x = β that satisfies  0 will maximize y if the value of  0 at x = β
dx dx 2

1. Given L  x 2 (40  5 x) , find 2. Given L  x 2 (25  2 x) , find 3. Given y  36 x  4 x 2  7 , find

the value of x for which L is the value of x for which L is the value of x for which y is
maximum. Hence, determine the maximum. Hence, determine the maximum. Hence, determine the
maximum value of L. maximum value of L. maximum value of y.

[Ans: x  16 , Lmax  10240 ] [Ans: x  25 , Lmax  15625 ] [Ans: x 

9
, ymax  88 ]
3 27 3 27 2
 128 
4. Given L  3 ( x 2 
16
) , find 5. Given L  4  x 2   , find 6. Given y 
1
 3x 2  8 x  2  ,
x  x  2
the value of x for which L is the value of x for which L is find the value of x for which y is
minimum. Hence, determine the minimum. Hence, determine the minimum. Hence, determine the
minimum value of L. minimum value of L. minimum value of y.
[Ans: x  2 , Lmin  36 ] [Ans: x  4, Lmin  192 ] [Ans: x  43 , ymin   53 ]
7. Given that y=14x (5 – x), 8. The diagram below shows the skeleton of a wire box with a rectangular
calculate base of x by 3x and the height of h.
(a) the value of x when y is
maximum h
(b) the maximum value of y
x
3x

[Ans:(a) 2.5 ; (b) 87.5 ] Given the total length of the wire is 348 cm,
(a) express h in terms of x,
(b) show that the volume of the box, V cm3, is given by V = 3x2 (87 – 4x),
(c) find the stationary value of V, stating whether it is maximum or
minimum value.
[Ans:(a) h = 87 – 4x (b) – (c) Vmax = 18291.75 cm3]
9. The diagram below shows a solid cylinder with circular 10. A length of wire 160 m is bent to form a sector
cross-section of radius r and the height of h. OPQ, of a circle of centre O and radius r as
r shown in the diagram below.
h r

θ
Given the total surface area of the cylinder is
300 cm2,
(a) express h in terms of r,
(b) show that the volume of the cylinder, V cm3, 160
is given by V = 150 r – π r 3, (a) Show that (i)   2
(c) determine the maximum volume of the r
cylinder when r varies. (ii) the area, A, of the sector is
given by A = 80r – r 2
(b) Find the value of θ and r when the area is a
150r 2
[Ans: (a) h = r (b) – (c) 100 50
 or  399 ] maximum.
(c) Determine the maximum area.

[Ans:(b) r = 40 m , θ = 2 rad (c) Amax  1600 ]