INTERNAL COMBUSTION

ENGINE
Cristine Joy Santos

JANUARY 1, 2019
ADVANCE FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM CORPORATION
Classification of Internal Combustion Engines
1. Application
a. Automotive
a.1 Car
a.2 Truck/Bus
a.3 Off-Highways
b. Locomotive
c. Light Aircraft
d. Marine
d.1 Outboard
d.2 Inboard
d.3 Ship
e. Power Generation
e.1 Portable (Domestic)
e.2 Fixed (Peak Power)
f. Agricultural
f.1 Tractors
f.2 Pump Sets
g. Earthmoving
g.1 Dumpers
g.2 Tippers
g.3 Mining Equipment
h. Home Use
h.1 Lawnmovers
h.2 Snow Blowers
h.3 Tools
i. Others

2. Basic Engine Design

a. Reciprocating
a.1 Single Cylinder
a.2 Multi-Cylinder
a.2.1 In-line
a.2.2 V-Type
a.2.3 Radial Type
a.2.4 Opposed Cylinder
a.2.5 Opposed Piston
b. Rotary
b.1 Single Rotor
b.2 Multi-Rotor
3. Operating Cycle
a. Otto (For the Conventional SI Engine)
b. Atkinson (For Complete Expansion of SI Engine)
c. Miller (For Early or Late Inlet Valve Closing Type SI Engine)
d. Diesel (For the Ideal Diesel Engine)
e. Dual (For the Actual Diesel Engine)
4. Working Cycle
a. Four Stroke Cycle
a.1 Naturally Aspirated
a.2 Supercharged/Turbocharged

b. Two Stroke Cycle

b.1 Crankcase Scavenged
b.2 Uniflow Scavenged
b.1.1 Inlet Valve/Exhaust Port
b.2.2 Inlet Port/Exhaust Valve
b.2.3 Inlet and Exhaust Valve

5. Valve/Port Design and Location

a. Poppet Valve
b. Rotary Valve
c. Reed Valve
d. Piston Controlled Porting
d.1 Valve Location
e. The T-head
f. The L-head
g. The F-head
h. The I-head
h.1 Over head Valve (OHV)
h.2 Over head Cam (OHC)

6. Fuel
a. Conventional
a.1 Crude Oil Derived
a.1.1. Petrol
a.1.2. Diesel
a.2 Other Resources
a.2.1 Coal
a.2.2. Wood
a.2.3. Tar Sands
a.2.4. Shale
 b. Alternate
(Total Replacement)
b.1 Petroleum Derived
b.1.1 CNG
b.1.2 LPG
b.2 Bio-mass Derived
b.2.1 Ethanol
b.2.2. Vegetables Oil
b.2.3. Producer Gas
b.2.4. Biogas
b.2.5. Hydrogen
(Partial Replacement)
b.3 Blending
b.4 Dual Fueling
7. Mixture Preparation
a. Carburetion-perhaps soon to be obsolete
b. Fuel Injection
b.1 Diesel
b.2 Gasoline
b.2.1 Manifold
b.2.2.Port
b.2.3.Cylinder
8. Ignition
a. Spark Ignition-homogenous charge
a.1 Conventional
a.1.1 Battery
a.1.2 Magneto
a.2 Other Methods
b. Compression Ignition-Heterogeneous Charge (Conventional)
c. Compression Ignition-Homogenous Charge (HCCI)
9. Stratification of Charge
a. Homogeneous Charge (Also Pre-mixed charge)
b. Stratified Charge
b.1 With Carburetion
b.2 With Fuel Injection
10. Combustion Chamber Design
a. Open Chamber
 a.1 Disc Type
a.2 Wedge
a.3 Hemispherical
a.4 Bowl-in-piston
a.5 Other Design
b. Divided Chamber
b.1 (FOR CI)
b.1.1 Swirl Chamber
b.1.2 Pre-Chamber
b.2 (FOR SI)
b.2.1 CVCC
b.2.2 Other Designs
11. Method of Load Control
a. Throttling (To keep mixture strength constant) Also called Charge Control
Used in the Carburated SI Engine
b. Fuel Control (To vary the mixture strength according to load)
c. Combination – Used in the Fuel-injected SI Engine
12. Cooling
a. Direct Air-Cooling
b. Indirect Air-Cooling (Liquid Cooling)
c. Low Heat Rejection (Semi-adiabatic) Engine