Annotated Bibliography for Anthro 181

“Isang paglilinaw sa salitang ‘bakla’ at wikang berbal ng mga Maricona” – Sandy Oriondo

 Wikang verbal ng Marciona: very versatile and dynamic; flexible, will keep up with the times
 Gays can add new words in the future
 This reading uses the word maricona, because the author feels that the word bakla has a
negative connotation
o Bale, baluktot,
 No regular pattern used, “Walang regular na pattern na ginagamit ang mga Maricona, sa isang
saglit ay puwede silang bumuo ng lingwahe sa kahit anong pattern na kapwa kausap.” (Page 9,
paragraph 2)
 F is pronounced as p, s as sh, j or g as dy/dj, v as b.
 Though common to use the pattern of mixing Tagalog with English, the Maricon speak didn’t
invent this
 Words
o Female organ – kepyas
o Penis – nota, notrilya, poste,
o Bayag – betlog, fishball
o Analysis: For them, they want the speak/vernacular to be within themselves. They don’t
want others to take it (not sure about this, but I got it from the reading)
 So when some of their words are taken, they go on to create/make new ones.
 Example” “Madamot ang lipunan sa pang-unawa sa mga bakla”
 Madyomot/kyomot ang dyipunan sa pagdyonawa sa mga bading
 Superjelfish ng mga gobermentsina sa mga girly
 Conclusion of this reading:
o It is a vital part of PH language, so we should accept it w/o hesitation, and not
discriminate

Gay Philippines; Pagkatao, Suliranin at Wika ng Sward

Diana G. Julao

 Glorious gibberish, acc. To Abraham Flornecio (page 188, paragraph 1)

 Living language with its own phonetics, own syntax, vocabulary, constantly changing and
growing.
o No ground rules
o Any one can coin a word or phrase
o Or add phonetic embellishments to existing ones
o And if its crispy or inelitious, its picked up
Swardspeak” A Preliminary Study Jose Javier Reyes

 October, 1977
 Language forms imp’t part of human communication
o No two people talk the same way
 When a group of ppl w/ common interests and exp. Gather together, they develop a
sublanguage
o This identifies members from the group
 Terms in swardspeak are influenced by what is exposed to the members of the group
that
 This paper typologized the swardspeak language
o Analyzing it in terms of semantics, phonetics, morphology, (linguistical analysis)
o Also gave a bit of a background on certain commonly used words
 Swardspeak isn’t even used by just the homosexual/”bakla” community in the
Philippines, even heterosexuals use this
 Root words were transformed through a set of rules
o Erpat-Pater-Patretells (example --- wait this isn’t correct lol)
 Types of sward terms
o Total semantic change
 Ex. Donya Clara – neophyte homosexual, oros – anal intercourse, etc.
 Patterned phrases used in swardspeak
 Lexical entries and frequencies
 Changes of fricatives
 Additions and removals of syllables
o Ene ba it – removal
o Ano’ pa – ano fi- ano fa flu

Hazel Cortez’s journal is different from the other journals stated because she chose to target a certain
area of the Philippines and its version of its sward speak. She tackled the impact of gay lingo in colloquial
context, but she focused on Barangay Sto. Tomas in Binan, Laguna, on how these people used and
understood sward speak. She used descriptive research, similar to one of our other cited journals,
wherein she used a survey questionnaire to gather information and also conducted a formal interview
likewise. She made use of a statistic criteria wherein respondents would receive a certain score on their
material. From her results, 98.24 percent of her respondents had a satisfactory rate of understanding
on gay lingo in everyday conversational use. For acceptability, they garnered an verbal interpretation of
“Agree” on a scale from Strongly Disagree to Strongly when asked if they have the desire to understand
gay lingo and to be interested in the language. And in their frequency of usage, the respondents ranked
in the middle, which was “Fairly Agree” which meant that they used gay lingo from time to time.
This is important for us because we are tackling the topic of sward speak in UP Diliman, and this form of
methodology is one that we will most likely adopt in gathering data and evidence for our ethnographic
output. Summarizing, the rate of understanding and acceptance among the age groups, and also among
sexual preference was evenly distributed. It could further imply the tolerance of the community
regarding gay subculture.