Chapter 1

Introduction

Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) has been a long established part of the

educational system as a training ground for army reserve members. “The most prominent

argument on behalf of ROTC is the traditional “citizen soldier” rationale, which emphasizes how

ROTC can broaden the military’s exposure to high levels of the civilian mind. In this line of

argument, officers trained by ROTC are more likely to balance military virtues with a

commitment to the norms of civil society and the constitutional order. This balance is good for

America because, among other things, it can be effective civilian control of the military. The

contemporary viability of the citizen soldier concept has occasioned much debate, but it

continues to be a useful and important aspiration in a polity in which deep respect for

constitutional principles coexists with substantial defense obligations and needs.” (Dawns, 2011)

ROTC is one of the hottest topic in the Philippine because its implement in senior high

students, so the researchers conduct this study to know what is the importance of having a ROTC

Mandatory in senior high school students. And what is the reason why they have to implement

this ROTC. Many of them they not know what is the importance of ROTC for the students they

scared for their child, and some of the people they disagree about the implementing the ROTC

mandatory because of some reason, but in other hand some people support the implementing of

ROTC Mandatory because of the benefits that they receives and for good reasons.
Background of the Study

ROTC is one of the choice courses in the national service Training (NSTP) program of the

Government, which aims to prepare youth of service in the country .aside from ROTC, other

courses in the program are tje Civil welfare Training Service (CWTS) and Literacy Training

Service (LTS). NSTP is mandatory for all college student, based on the NSTP Law of 2001.

However, student may choose which of the three NSTP courses they can take. Probably not

everyone knows the word ROTC or Reserve Officer Training Corps is a prominent program of

government. For student in secondary and college. It aims to train military discipline and skills.

It is undergo such training as physically handicapped students or may be recommended by a

doctor who cannot participate. President Rodrigo Duterte said the mandatory ROTC program in

grade XI and grade XII could help develop and deepen national love and good citizenship for

Filipino youth. According to the 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF PHILIPPINE

ARTICLE II SECTION XII The state recognizes the important role of youth in the development

of the country and must promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and

nationalism, and will encourage their participation in public and civic activities.

Scope and the Limitation of the Study

This research is focussed on assessing the views and knowledge of Senior High School Students

the importance of implementation of ROTC. It covers students and teachers of Grade XI and XII
This study is limited to teachers and students who are in Grade XI and XII because they are

involved in re-implementing this program. We believe that the current time is crucial to having

this study to answer questions and provide information.

Statement of the Problem

1. Demographic Profile

1.1 Name (Optional)

2.2 Age

2.3 Gender

2. What is ROTC and Why it is important issue?

3. What will be the effect of ROTC in senior high school Student?

4. Do they think there is benefit in the ROTC?

Definition of Terms

Implementation – the process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution.

ROTC – is a group of college and university-based officer training programs for training

commissioned officers of the United States Armed Forces.

TVL Track – The Technical Vocational Livelihood or TVL Track is one of the tracks offered

under Senior High School programs in the Philippines. It is designed to provide students with

job-ready skills that they will need in the future.

Academic – GAS subjects are a mix of specialized subjects from the other three strands:

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand, Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics (STEM) Strand, and Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) Strand and

other tracks offered for Senior High School students.

Mandatory – is also called upon by the voters of a person or state holding the order.

Reservist – is a person who is a member of the military reserve force.

Military Discipline – refers to self-control character and efficiency exercise and as a result of

training.

Chapter 2

Local

Surprisingly, there has been overwhelming support from both houses of Congress for the Duterte

administration’s plan to revive the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), a short-term

military training program that used to be a requirement for graduation of college students.

Several senators and congressmen across the political spectrum have endorsed the restoration of

the ROTC and various bills have been filed ever since President Duterte declared in his first year

in office that he wants the ROTC to become mandatory again.

This is a rare show of unity from the executive and legislative branches on a crucial piece of

legislation that may well determine whether or not we will join the ranks of strong and

progressive nations in Asia.

The Asian Tigers are historically known to have developed because of the strong nationalist

sentiments of their people, which kick-started their economic growth. Their determined

governments championed local industries and stimulated exports, while their businessmen chose

to invest in their own country instead of bringing their money abroad (unlike some of our

business elite).

Senator Sherwin Gatchalian in his Senate Bill No. 200 noted that many countries in the world,

including Taiwan, South Korea, Canada, United Kingdom, and Russia, have a mandatory ROTC

for its male citizens. “It behooves upon these nations to tap their youth to be trained and

developed in military training and exercises for civic and defense preparedness,” he said.

In the House of Representatives, Deputy Speaker and Batangas Rep. Raneo Abu filed House Bill

No. 5113 which seeks to “resuscitate” the ROTC which he believes will help instill patriotism

among the youth.

For his part, Senator Richard Gordon, agreed that the ROTC will foster nationalism among the

youth and encourage their participation in public in civic affairs. His proposed Citizen Service

Act of 2017 (Senate Bill No. 1417) seeks basic training for a “citizens corps” who may be

mobilized for defense or civil service especially during times of calamities and disasters.

Rep. Rodolfo Biazon, the son of a former military chief of staff, has filed House Bill No. 1260,

which also proposes a mandatory ROTC. With the new K-12 school program, the

administration’s plan is to push for a law that will require ROTC for Grades 11 and 12.

The bills currently pending in Congress will amend Republic Act No. 9163, the National Service

Training Program, which had made the ROTC optional and caused the reduction in the number

of reservists in the country.

The Philippine military has also stated that it lost a wide pool of potential recruits when the

ROTC program was weakened. Previously, trainees in the advanced ROTC course went on to

serve in the various branches of the military and became highly ranked officers even without

attending the Philippine Military Academy.

Rep. Abu, whose bill will also amend the Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act

(R.A. 7077), said bringing back the ROTC will “awaken the fire in the younger generation” to

serve and protect our democracy.

The program, he said, “affirms the values that we have always been taught as children:

discipline, camaraderie, respect for others, especially those who’ve come before us, and a deep

sense of nationalism and love for country.”

We couldn’t agree more. There is a yearning among Filipinos to discover who they are as people,

knowing full well that they are not “little brown Americans.” President Duterte’s constant

harangues against the US colonizer was not so much an anti-American rant as it was a clarion

call for Filipinos to discover their true self.

Filipinos should ignore the Western media’s characterization of nationalism as a bad thing. It is

good. All the rich nations in the world, including the US and the UK, developed because of the

patriotism of their citizens. The UK’s vote for Brexit, in fact, was the voice of their people

asserting their right self-determination and their refusal to submit to the orders of European

Union bureaucrats based in Brussels.

A form of mandatory military service for our youth will help instill in them a love for their own

country. They will gain discipline and a sense of responsibility, and maybe instead of leaving for

abroad they will stay here and help our economy grow.
In the future, the government should consider a program stronger than the ROTC and more

similar to Israel’s military conscription program where both men and women over the age of 18

are required to serve in the military for a period of two to three years.

https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/11/28/revival-of-rotc-will-be-good-for-the-

philippines/?fbclid=IwAR3D0W3-pXYhG6eKNfU7JSEdC-

murjH5mjdUdDxSX54yWvoYaRqgmVCr9cI

It has been almost two decades since the government made optional the Reserved Officers

Training Corps for college students. And this only explains why most youths have only learned

of it from social media or even from hearsays.

It is perhaps the reason why some of them do not get full comprehension of why it needs a

comeback.

With the government seriously and consistently pushing for its revival, and with the military

supporting this move, we ask, do we really have to make ROTC mandatory again?

In the first place, what really is ROTC?

Anywhere in the world, people look up to the military culture for discipline and responsibility.

Perhaps the most progressive and developed nations are also the ones that keep their defenses

intact.

A Business Insider report names the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United

Kingdom with the most powerful militaries in the world.

These countries have been aggressive in producing more citizen assets -- participation among

young people is also notable.

This suggests that military training aims to educate the youth and prepare them to be good

citizens. Countries with a strong military foundation are less likely to be attacked.

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1061593

Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) is important for everyone to take this. By taking this we

can learn on how to protect ourselves and help others to the strangers. We can learn also on how

to have a respect and discipline in ourselves. In addition, we can also learn on how to respect

others and know the right of every people. ROTC can help our country/place. The Imposition of

ROTC in The Senior High School was approved by President Rodrigo Duterte last February 7,

2017.

This Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) is advantage to the students who wants to take

Criminology and Army. They can get more advance knowledge about this kind of training. In

contrary, this would be disadvantage to the other students who would like to take education and

some other courses. Doing this kind of training you need to exert efforts to do your task that your

head officer commanded. During this training you need to be physically fit cause you will be

easily get tired.

In addition, I agree the imposition of ROTC in Senior High School. Cause it could be more

advantage for us as a student. Aside from getting advance knowledge, we also have benefits for

it and we can secure ourselves into safety. As a student, we can help and protect ourselves into
strangers and also others. We should give thanks to President Duterte for implementing the

imposition of ROTC in the Senior High

ROTC Affects Senior High School Student (Mae FlorMagtabog)- Position Paper

“ROTC IS NOT A RIGHT CHOICE’’ PREPARED BY: SHERLYN B. LABISTE

March 2, 2017

Foreign

ARMY 101: Inside ROTC in a Time of War, David Axe, University of South Carolina Press,

Columbia, 2007, 111 pages, $24.95.

Recently, a Medal of Honor recipient whose acquaintance I made reminded me that, 40 years

ago, the American public could not separate people in uniform from the decisions made by their

civilian elected leader, and as a result they made Soldiers in uniform a target. Many who made

that error are now ashamed of it. Reading Army 101: Inside ROTC in a Time of War reminded

me of that error.

In Army 101, author David Axe describes the experiences of several cadets enrolled in the Army

ROTC program at the University of South Carolina. Axe hinges his narrative on events before

and after 9/11 and organizes his book in two distinct sections of eight short chapters, implying

both national and local shifts in attitude about the War on Terror and its effect on those wearing

the nation's uniform. The opening vignette describes ROTC cadets waiting in ambush during a

training exercise. Axe perfectly captures that moment by focusing on the experiences of the

cadet squad leader in charge.

Unfortunately, the book struggles after that first success. The next-tolast chapter takes the reader

to Iraq for five pages to describe the experiences of a few officers who were commissioned via

ROTC. The connection appears to be that the officers are from South Carolina and either served

in the South Carolina National Guard or were commissioned from an ROTC program in South

Carolina. But none of them were part of the ROTC program at South Carolina during the time

span of this book. The chapter mainly serves as a platform to condemn, for the last of many

times, American intervention in Iraq. (I should also note that the chapter has another possible

raison d'etre: it features a picture of Axe in a helicopter riding into Iraq.)

Axe's limited omniscient point of view veers off in a prose style that depends largely on

polarizing hyperbole to hold the reader's attention. More damaging, it divorces the narrator from

the limits of fact or reasonable logic. …

https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-1319143391/army-101-inside-rotc-in-a-time-of-war

Founded in 1916, ROTC stands for Reserve Officer Training Corps. It’s a college program

offered at more than 1,000 colleges and universities across the United States. ROTC prepares

young adults to become Officers in the U.S. Army.ROTC provides significant college

scholarships that cover tuition, books and fees, and monthly stipends for those that compete for

the opportunity. It also provides significant opportunities for students to develop strong

leadership skills, with the goal of being commissioned as an Officer in the U.S. Army. In the

end, it continues to create leaders for the nation, both in and out of uniform.Army ROTC is an

elective curriculum you take along with your required college classes. This training gives you

the tools and experiences that will help you succeed in any competitive environment. Because
Army ROTC is an elective, you can participate your freshman and sophomore years without any

obligation to join the Army. You will be able to have a normal college student experience like

everyone else on campus, but when you graduate, you will be commissioned as an Officer in the

U.S. Army and have a professional career awaiting you.

http://sites.jcu.edu/rotc/pages/what-is-rotc/

You may hear people allude to the ROTC while in high school or when entering college, but if

you’re unfamiliar with the program, you’ll probably glean very little about what the ROTC

actually is. The acronym stands for “Reserve Officers’ Training Corps,” and its goal is to train

college students for future service in branches of the U.S. military; the Army, Air Force, and

Navy each have their own ROTC programs. Students interested in U.S. Armed Forces service at

an early age can also gain exposure to the rigors of military training through JROTC (Junior

ROTC) programs offered at the high school level.

The JROTC and ROTC programs share a point of origin: the National Defense Act of 1916. The

passage of this legislation united military training resources under a single federal umbrella. This

allowed high schools and colleges to obtain military training instructors and supply funding from

a single ROTC organization. Title 10 Section 2031 of the U.S. Code describes how JROTC

programs provide students with at least three years of military instruction, along with access to

uniforms, academic materials, and instructors who have served as U.S. Armed Forces officers.

According to numbers published by the U.S. Army, over 274,000 high school students serve as

JROTC cadets.Once students reach college, they can explore specific military branches by

enrolling in ROTC programs provided by the Army, Navy, or Air Force. While the U.S. Coast

Guard does not have an ROTC initiative, interested students can explore a similar training
program, the College Student Pre-Commissioning Initiative (CSPI). The goal of these college-

level programs is to train future officers to serve in the U.S. Armed Forces. To students who

qualify, the ROTC programs offer scholarships that cover the cost of their education. In

exchange, there is an expectation that students fulfill active duty services in their chosen branch

of the Armed Forces.

https://www.bestcolleges.com/resources/rotc-programs/
 Chapter 3

Research Methodology

In this chapter , The Researcher discuss the research design , area of study , population , sample

of the population , sampling technique , instrument for data collection , validations of the

questionnaire , administration of the instrument and method of data analysis.

3.1 Research design

This study used a descriptive survey method used to socio demographic profile such as sex, age

and strand, in order to know the importance of implementation of ROTC (Reserve Officer

Training Corps) to Senior High Students at Taguig National High School. Descriptive research

is a purposive process of data gathering, analyzing, classifying tabulating data about prevailing

conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends, and cause-effect relationships and then adequate

and accurate interpretation about such data with or without aid of statistical treatment.

3.2 Population and Sampling techniques of the Study

The respondents of this study came from TNHS. Simple Random Sampling is used to select

randomly, samples from the different strata of the population

3.2.1 Respondents of the study

The subject of the study composed of eighty (80) Grade 11 and 12 Students

And the respondents were the Senior High Students from Academic and Technical Vocational

Lively hood (TVL) Strand

3.2.2 Data Gathering Procedure

Descriptive survey was the main tool used to gather data. Close ended questionnaire is used from

the different sheets. In administrating the questionnaire, the researcher was used the time allotted

for vacant to avoid distraction of class discussions. The students’ responses were given enough

time to answer the questions.