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1. Compartment in a boat that holds water used to keep caught fish alive.
a. basket b. hold
c. tank d. livewell

2. Mechanical device that holds fishing line and is attached to a fishing rod.
a. rod b. pulley
c. reel d. line hauler

3. The pole part of a fishing pole.

a. bamboo stick b. rod
c. reel d. bangstick

4. A series of pools arranged like steps that fish (salmon or trout) use to move
upstream over a dam.
a. fish ladder b. stock elevator
c. stairway d. raceway

5. Resultant flow at right angles to and to the right of the wind direction in the northern
hemisphere, to the left in the southern hemisphere.
a. Ekman transport b. coriolis force
c. eddy d. front

6. Animals that control body temperature through external means, using the sun, or
flowing air or water.
a. endothermic b. warmblooded
c. coldblooded d. ectothermic

7. Large scale, cyclical (generally three to seven years), ocean warming and cooling
episodes across the equatorial Pacific.
a. climate change b. El Nino
c. upwelling d. La Nina

8. A population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.

a. low fecundity b. infertile
c. low species diversity d. endangered species

9. Native to a certain region, often a fairly small local area.

a. Jurassic b. endemic
c. endangered d. alien

10. Animals which maintain a body temperature which is above ambient temperature.
a. endothermic b. exothermic
c. warmblooded d. coldblooded
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11. Invertebrates that live on top of the seabed.

a. epibenthos b. benthic
c. oligobenthic d. none of these

12. Is a measure of how many fish are in a population or a fishing ground.

a. species diversity b. species richness
c. abundance d. metapopulation

13. A systematic gathering of information on fish availability and abundance using

underwater sound.
a. sonar b. radio direction finder
c. echo sounder d. acoustic survey

14. The use of underwater sound to map underwater topography and the contents of
the sea.
a. sonar buoy b. GPS mapping
c. photogrammetry d. acoustical oceanography

15. A method of gathering information on surface fish movement and density by visual
observation and photography from low-flying aircraft.
a. photogrammetry b. photography
c. aerial survey d. monitoring

16. A line encircling Antarctica where cold, northward-flowing Antarctic waters meet
and sink beneath the sub-Antarctic waters, creating an upwelling zone which is very
high in marine productivity, especially krill.
a. West Wind Drift b. Greenwich meridian
c. Antarctic convergence d. Humboldt current

17. The open ocean or pelagic zone that extends from a depth of 1000 to 4000 meters
below the ocean surface.
a. bathypelagic b. hadal zone
c. benthic zone d. trench

18. Defined as (1) the proportion of a fish population living where it can be fished. (2)
catch per unit effort. (3) a term sometimes used to describe whether a given fish of a
given size can be caught by a given type of gear in a given fishing area.
a. availability b. selectivity
c. catchability d. length at first capture

19. Is the variation of life forms within an area. In the context of fisheries the number
and variety of organisms found within a fishery.
a. species richness b. species diversity
c. fecundity d. biodiversity
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20. The total weight of a fish species in a given area.

a. gross tonnage b. catch per unit effort
c. biomass d. selectivity

21. A region where a distinctive transition from one set of biota to another occurs.
a. thermocline b. biotone
c. halocline d. ecotone

22. Is the harvest of marine life and seabirds during fishing operations when other fish
were the target.
a. target catch b. incidental catch
c. discarded catch d. bycatch

23. The supportable population of a species, given the food, habitat conditions and
other resources available within a fishery.
a. carrying capacity b. gross catch
c. maximum sustainable yield d. production surplus

24. Animals such as squid and octopus where tentacles converge at the head.
a. crustacean b. mollusks
c. cephalopods d. jawless

25. Member of the group of marine mammals that includes whales, dolphins and
porpoises.
a. fish b. cetacean
c. aquatic invertebrates d. cephalopods

26. Variation in the Earth's global climate or in regional climates over time.
a. El Nino b. climate change
c. weather d. fronts

27. Those individuals of a stock born in the same spawning season.

a. population b. cohort
c. total fecundity d. carrying capacity

28. Organisms or populations that belong to the same species.

a. conspecifics b. heterospecific
c. cohort d. species richness

29. The zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from the thick
continental crust.
a. core b. abyssal zone
c. hadal zone d. continental margin
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30. The seabed from the shore to the edge of the continental slope, covered by
relatively shallow seas and gulfs.
a. continental slope b. continental shelf
c. abyssal zone d. fishing ground

31. Due to the Earth's rotation, freely moving objects on the surface of the earth veer
right in the northern hemisphere and left in the southern hemisphere.
a. fronts b. El Nino
c. Ekman factor d. coriolis effect

32. A group of freshwater and saltwater animals having no backbone, with jointed legs
and a hard shell made of chitin that include crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp and krill.
a. crustaceans b. mollusks
c. cephalopods d. cetacean

33. An area in an ocean or large lake where oxygen levels are extremely low, often due
to eutrophication.
a. fish kill area b. red tide zone
c. adabiatic zone d. dead zone

34. These currents in the deep ocean, also known as thermohaline circulation or the
"conveyor belt", are driven by density and temperature gradients. They can be
contrasted with surface ocean currents, which are driven by the wind.
a. upwelling b. deep ocean currents
c. Ekman transport d. Cromwell current

35. The zone at or near the bottom of a sea or lake.

a. demersal zone b. pelagic zone
c. abbysal zone d. hadal zone

36. Reducing the abundance of a fish stock through fishing.

a. catch per unit effort b. Malthusian overfishing
c. depletion d. fishing effort

37. When a fish species is no longer listed under the ESA.

a. endangered b. overfished
c. delisted d. forgotten

38. Minute planktonic unicellular or colonial algae.

a. krill b. lablab
c. Artemia salina d. diatoms
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39. A downward movement (sinking) of surface water caused by onshore Ekman

transport, converging currents or when a water mass becomes more dense than the
surrounding water.
a. outwelling b. downwelling
c. coriolis effect d. eddy

40. A group of marine animals that includes seastars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers,
abundant on the floor of the deep sea, as well as in shallower seas.
a. elasmobranch b. crustaceans
c. echinoderms d. mollusks

41. The profit that could be earned from a fishery owned by an individual. Individual
ownership maximizes profit, but an open entry policy usually results in so many
fishermen that profit barely matches opportunity cost.
a. net profit b. economic rent
c. return-on-investment d. income

42. In the context of fisheries, using, conserving and enhancing fishery resources so
that the ecological processes, on which the fish depend, are not degraded.
a. RA 8550 b. ecologically sustainable development
c. food web d. fishery development

43. Cartilaginous fish that includes sharks, skates and rays.

a. cetacean b. primitive fishes
c. crustaceans d. elasmobranch

44. The top layer of the ocean from the surface down to about 200 m. This is the
illuminated zone where there is enough light for photosynthesis.
a. epipelagic b. thermocline
c. halocline d. downwelling

45. The percentage of a spawning anadromous fish population that survives all
obstacles during their migration, including fishing pressure and predation, and
successfully reach their spawning grounds.
a. fish ladder b. cohort
c. recruitment d. escapement

46. A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing
into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
a. strait b. gulf
c. estuary d. atoll

47. Another name for the intertidal zone or foreshore, extending from the spring high
tide line to the neap low tide line.
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a. eulittoral zone b. zero datum

c. continental slope d. beach

48. An increase in chemical nutrients, typically compounds containing nitrogen or

phosphorus in an ecosystem. Results in an increase in algae growth and decay, which
can lead to decreased levels of oxygen and fish populations.
a. pollution b. puddling
c. eutrophication d. supersaturation

49. Fish that are tolerant to a wide range of salinities.

a. Stenohaline b. euryhaline
c. thermohaline d. acclimatization

50. The number of eggs a fish produces each reproductive cycle; the potential
reproductive capacity of an organism or population. It changes with the age and size of
the fish.
a. yield b. productivity
c. cohort d. fecundity

51. The time required to replace all the water in an estuary or harbor by the actions of
currents and tides.
a. drain time b. flushing time
c. tidal ebb d. current ceasement

52. In fishes with forked tails, this measures from the tip of the snout to the fork of the
tail. It is used in fishes when it is difficult to tell where the vertebral column ends.
a. total length b. standard length
c. relative length d. fork length

53. Are small fish which are preyed on by larger predators.

a. bait b. lure
c. fly d. forage fish

54. Intertidal area between the highest and lowest tide levels.
a. beach b. foreshore
c. continental shelf d. tidal flat

55. The loss of genetic variation when a new colony is established by some individuals
moving to a new area that is unoccupied; as a result the new population may be
distinctively different from its parent population.
a. founder effect b. extinction
c. mortality d. decline
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56. Diving under water without the assistance of breathing apparatus to collect oysters,
abalone, corals, sponges, crayfish etc.
a. free-diving b. plunge
c. splash d. snorkeling

57. Region of sharp gradient in temperature or salinity, indicating a transition between

two current systems or water masses. Are usually associated with high biological
activity and high abundance of highly migratory resources such as tuna. They are
actively sought as fishing areas and can be monitored by satellite remote sensing.
a. fishing ground b. front
c. continental shelf d. upwelling area

58. Eggs and sperm.

a. gametes b. reproductive expression
c. fecundity d. reproductive elements

59. The movement of genes from one population to another by individuals moving
between the populations.
a. reproduction b. reproductive index
c. gene flow d. hybridization

60. Fishing nets and other gear that has been left or lost in the ocean and continues to
capture and kill fish.
a. set nets b. ghost nets
c. abandoned nets d. pirate fishing

61. Fishing nets constructed so that fish are entangled or enmeshed, usually in the gills,
by the netting.
a. fyke net b. gillnet
c. purse seine d. push net

62. A device which uses satellite signals to accurately determine a fishing vessel's
position and course.
a. GPS b. radar
c. sonar d. radio direction finder

63. The increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans
in recent decades, as well as the projected continuation of this trend.
a. tsunami b. La Nina
c. greenhouse effect d. global warming

64. A large area of water bordered by land on three sides.

a. strait b. bay
c. gulf d. estuary
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65. The place where an organism lives.

a. environment b. habitat
c. settlement d. fishing ground

66. The number or weight of fish caught and retained from a given area over a given
period of time.
a. harvest b. catch
c. landings d. yield

67. Waters outside national jurisdictions.

a. high seas b. municipal waters
c. exclusive economic zone d. fishing grounds

68. A term which has its origins in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
and refers to fish species which undertake ocean migrations and also have wide
geographic distributions.
a. highly migratory species b. straddling stocks
c. transboundary stock d. anadromous

69. It usually denotes tuna and tuna-like species, shark, marlins and swordfish.
a. beach predators b. omnivorous species
c. highly migratory species d. tropical species

70. Occurs in aquatic environments when dissolved oxygen becomes depleted to a level
which is harmful to aquatic organisms.
a. hypoxia b. anoxia
c. fish kill d. coral bleaching

71. The catch of non-fish species, caught in the course of commercial fishing practices
to include seabirds, and marine mammals and reptiles, such as dolphins, seals and sea
turtles.
a. bycatch b. discarded catch
c. nominal catch d. incidental catch

72. A management tool by which the total allowable catch quota is allocated to
individual fishers or companies who have long-term rights over the quota or can
transfer it to others by sale, lease, or will.
a. fishing permit b. lease agreement
c. fishing license d. individual transferable quota

73. This zone is the region of land which is submerged during high tide and exposed
during low tide.
a. euphotic zone b. intertidal
c. beach d. foreshore
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74. Species brought into an area where it does not naturally occur, but is able to
survive and reproduce there.
a. cultured species b. endemic species
c. introduced species d. highly migratory species

75. Animals without a backbone, such as octopus, shellfish, jellyfish and corals.
a. vertebrates b. invertebrates
c. aquatic organisms d. novum

76. A contour line linking regions of the same depth.

a. isoline b. bathymetric map
c. scale d. isobaths

77. Contour line joining points corresponding to similar values and often used to plot
yield-per-recruit values on a graph showing the changes as a function of size-at-first-
capture and fishing mortality.
a. isoline b. isopleth
c. isobaths d. scaleline

78. The binding of marline twine or whipcord around the end of a rope to prevent its
natural tendency to fray.
a. whipping b. seizing
c. reeving d. splicing

79. A group of small crustaceans that includes fish lice.

a. isopods b. cricket
c. Argulus d. protozoans

80. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(IUCN) divides threatened species into three categories, except . . .
a. extinct b. critically endangered
c. endangered d. vulnerable

81. A condition involving an excessive pooling of cool water which occurs in the
equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean.
a. typhoon b. intertropical convergence zone
c. La Nina d. tsunami

82. A body of shallow salt or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a
shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature.
a. estuary b. lagoon
c. bay d. gulf
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83. The amount of fish (usually in tons) harvested from the sea and brought to the
land.
a. catch b. harvest
c. yield d. landing

84. A general term for fishing methods which use fishing lines and handlines, hand
reels, powered reels, pole-and-line, droplines, longlines, trotlines and troll lines.
a. line fishing b. artisan fishing
c. sustainable fishing d. traditional fishing

85. The shallow water region around lake or sea shores where significant light
penetrates to the bottom.
a. pelagic b. benthic
c. littoral d. mesopelagic

86. An official record of catch and its species composition, fishing effort and location,
recorded on board the fishing vessel.
a. fact sheet b. record book
c. logbook d. catch report

87. A long fishing line with many short lines, called snoods and carrying hooks, attached
at regular intervals.
a. longlines b. troll lines
c. jigger d. multiple handlines

88. Marine area with some level of legal restriction to protect living, non-living, cultural,
and/or historic resources.
a. Marine reserve b. Marine protected area
c. Mariculture d. No take zones

89. The total amount of profit that could be earned from a fishery if it were owned by
one individual.
a. Maximum sustainable yield b. Minimum sustainable yield
c. Gross income d. Maximum economic yield

90. The maximum catch that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite
period.
a. Gross catch b. Maximum economic yield
c. Minimum sustainable yield d. Maximum sustainable yield

91. A series of measurements on a fish, such as scale counts, which are used to
separate different populations or races of fish.
a. meristics b. length-weight relationship
c. standard length d. fishery statistics
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92. Ocean depths extending from 200 to 1000 meters (650 to 3280 feet) below sea
level..
a. mesopelagic b. benthic
c. abyssal zone d. hadal zone

93. A systematic (as opposed to random) movement of individuals in a fish stock from
one place to another.
a. trend b. migration
c. aggregation d. schooling

94. The smallest length at which it is legal to keep or sell a fish. Sizes vary with the
species of fish and also vary in different places around the world.
a. condition factor b. minimum landing size
c. sustainable yield d. acceptable size

95. A hypothesis of how a population functions. It often uses mathematical descriptions

of growth, recruitment and mortality.
a. growth curve b. virtual population analysis
c. cohort d. population model

96. A group of freshwater and saltwater animals with no skeleton and usually one or
two hard shells made of calcium carbonate. Includes oysters, clams, mussels, snails,
conches, scallops, squid and octopus.
a. elasmobranch b. crustacean
c. mollusc d. echinoderms

97. Measurements which characterize the form, shape and appearance of an animal or
plant. Differences such as coloration can be used to distinguish different stocks of the
same species.
a. meristics b. morphometrics
c. growth curve d. sigmoid curve

98. Are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by the tides or rivers, sea
and oceans. They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and
estuaries.
a. mangroves b. beach
c. foreshore d. mud flat

99. In ropework, it is the forming of a semi-permanent joint between two ropes or two
parts of the same rope by partly untwisting and then interweaving their strands.
a. splicing b. whipping
c. seizing d. joining
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100. In a wire rope system , the wire rope travels around drums and sheaves, or
pulleys, for the purpose of hoisting or hauling.
a. splicing b. reeving
c. whipping d. casting
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3. b 28. a 53. d 78. a
4. a 29. d 54. b 79. a
5. a 30. b 55. a 80. a
6. d 31. d 56. a 81. c
7. b 32. a 57. b 82. b
8. d 33. d 58. a 83. d
9. b 34. b 59. c 84. a
10. a 35. a 60. b 85. c
11. a 36. c 61. b 86. c
12. c 37. c 62. a 87. a
13. d 38. d 63. d 88. b
14. d 39. b 64. c 89. d
15. c 40. c 65. b 90. d
16. c 41. b 66. a 91. a
17. a 42. b 67. a 92. a
18. a 43. d 68. a 93. b
19. d 44. a 69. c 94. b
20. c 45. d 70. a 95. d
21. b 46. c 71. d 96. c
22. d 47. a 72. d 97. b
23. a 48. c 73. b 98. d
24. c 49. b 74. c 99. a
25. b 50. d 75. b 100. b