PGTRB Commerce Unit 1 Study Material English Medium

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g DIFFERENCE .O rgrg BETWEEN SELLING
O .O rgrg AND MARKETING
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s as laalia i .
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a
adada It has already been ada out that the terms
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ada
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adasynonymous to many ad a a
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ww.P.P ww.P.P w w.P.P w w.P.P w w
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adas as s as s as s as s as
. P. adaINTRODUCTION
P . P. adaada
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wwww ww ww wwww ww ww ww
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s aslaal a i .
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s aslaalia.
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a as the Himalayas.aItdaaisdaone of the oldest professions adaada of the world. The adaada
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ww
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s aslaalia.
ada
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to “satisfactiona of human wants”. a
adada a
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ww.P.P ww.P.P w w.P.P w w.P.P w w.P.P
ww
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EVOLUTION OF MARKETING
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wwww After the stages
ww ww “nomads” people started
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w w This had led to starting
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wwww  BARTER SYSTEM:
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The goods are exchanged against goods, without any other medium of exchange, like
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money.
s aslaal i
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s aslaalia.
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a mass production aofdagoods a s
a for the purpose of a s
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g  SALES .O rgORIENTATION:
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O .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
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s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaa l ia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
a
adada The stage.P a
adada major changes in
witnessed adaspheres of economic
adathe a
dadaThe selling activityPadada
alife. a
ww.P.P w w . P w w.P.all
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i .O . rgrg
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O i .O . rgrg
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a a
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MARKETINGa i ORIENTATION:
a s
a
l
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a s
a
l
asa a l a i
a s
a
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wwww Customers’ wwimportance
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g 1. CONSUMER . O rgrg ORIENTATION:
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O . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
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s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaa l ia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
.wP.P adaada Under this stage .wP.P
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g 2. MANAGEMENT.O rgrg
O ORIENTATION: .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
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s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaa l ia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
a
adada The marketing.P a
adada assumes a managerial
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adarole a
adada business activities a
adada
ww.P.P w w . P w w.P.P w w P.P ww.P.P
ww
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w wwww products and services wwwtow the
g present and
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O .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
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l
asa alia i . l
asa alia i . l
asa a l ia i . l
asa alia i . aslaalia
a s
MARKET:
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a
wwww The word
w w
ww“Market” is derived w w
wwfrom the Latin word w w
ww“Marcatus” meaning ww ww
ww ww ww ww ww
merchandise,gwares, traffic, trade or a place grg where business is .conducted. grg The common usage grofg market
g . O r
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ada
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ww. P. P authorities. ww . P. P ww . P. P ww . P. P ww. P. P
ww
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s aslaalia i .
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s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
.wP.P adaada .wP . adaada
P .wP.P adaada .wP . adaada
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www 1. “Market includes
www both place and region in
wwwwhich buyers and sellers w
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ww in free competition with
ww w
one
ww ww ww ww ww
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g Orgrg .O rgrg .O rgrg .O rgrg
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s aslaa l ia i . Oor commodities and
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a
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ww.P.P w w P.P w w.P.P w w.P.P ww.P.P
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s as
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s as
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P . P. adaada
P . P. adaada
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. P. adaada
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ww NEED FOR MARKETS
ww ww ww ww
g .O rgrg
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O .O rgrg
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 la
s as a li
Fora i .
exchange (barter) of goods
s aslaalia i . and
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
a
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dada and supply by price
ademand a
da
adamechanism. a
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ww.P.P w w P.P w w.P.P w w.P.P w w.P.P
ww
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 For improvement of the quality of life of the society.
g  laNeed i .O . rgnot
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O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
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a l a a place l a a l a a
s asa l s asa l s asa l s asa l s
a a
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ad modes of life. .P.P adada a adada a a
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ww.P.P w w . P w w w w.P.P w w.P.P
ww
ww ww ww ww ww ww
 For higher production (developmentwof w markets encourage production). ww ww
g . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
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s as
a
lalai i .
s as
a
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s as
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s as
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s aslaalia.
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P . P . adaada CLASSIFICATION
P . P. adaadaOF MARKETS.P.P
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wwww I. ON THE BASIS ww wwOF GEOGRAPHICAL ww wwAREA ww ww wwww
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g 1.FAMILY
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O g . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
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s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
.wP.P adaada When exchanges .wP.P
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.wP.P
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g .O
2. LOCALMARKET: rgrg
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s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
a
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da
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ato a
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ww.P.P w w P.P w w.P.P area or areas, w w P.P
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g
i .O . rgrg
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a s
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For i example, perishable
a s
a
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a s
a
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s
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a s
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g NATIONAL
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s as
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s as
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s as
a
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s as
a
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s aslaalia.
. P. adaada For a certain .P
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ww through the wfast w windustrialization; wwis called a national ww
ww
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s aslaalia i .
s aslaal a i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
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w.wP.P w .wP.P w .wP.P w P. P w . P. P
ww
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g WORLDOMARKET
. i.O rgrg :
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O .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
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s aslaalia s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
a
adada World or international a
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ww
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s as
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s as
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s as
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s as
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g SRIMAAN gCOACHING
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. O O . O O . O O O O
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adaada
.wP.CONTACT:8072230063.
www www ww w www ww w
ww II. ON THE BASIS
ww OF COMMODITIES
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g .O rgrg MARKET: i.O.O
O rgrg .O rgrg
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COMMODITY
s aslaa lia i .
s aslaal a i
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia i .
s aslaalia.
a
adada Produced goods ada
adaconsumption a
adada and sold. Commodity ada
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ww.P.P w w.P.orP goods w .P.bought
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PRODUCE
a s
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a s
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MARKET:
l l a i
a s
a
l
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a s
a
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a s
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.P.cites.
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wwww ww w ww w w www w ww ww
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one commodity only. Generally sellers and buyers of a particular commodity, set up such markets and
g . O rgrg
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run a
s them
s
a
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regulated and controlled
s as
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s a
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i i . Exchange Market
sof
as
a i
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ada
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ww. P. P Market ofww . P.
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ww
MANUFACTURED GOODS MARKET:
g . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
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s aslaa lia
Such i . type of market
s asl
deals
aalia i .
with manufacture l
goods
s as aalia i .
e.g., Leather goods,
s a l a ia
machinery
s a l i . etc. The
s aslaalia.
ada
adaLeather adaatadKanpur,
a adaada of Bombay are.Pexamples adaada of such markets..P.P adaada
w.wP.P Exchange Market w .wP.P Piece Goods
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ww
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BULLION MARKET :
g .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
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s aslaa lia
This i . type of market
s asl
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aalia i .
with the purchase or
s asl a
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a lia i .
of gold, silver etc.
s a l a ia
Bullion
s a l i . markets of
s aslaalia.
ada
adaBombay, ada are examples of .such
adaetc., ada
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adada a
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ww.P.P Calcutta, Kanpur
w w.P.P w w P.P w w.P.P ww.P.P
ww
CAPITAL MARKET:
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