Verbal communication is the use of auditory language to exchange information with other people.

It includes
sounds, words, or speaking. The tone, volume, and pitch of one's voice can all contribute to effective verbal
communication.

Non-verbal communication is communication between people through non-verbal or visual cues. This
includes gestures, facial expressions, body movement, timing, touch, and anything else that communicates without
speaking.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. Intrapersonal Communication

This form of communication is extremely private and restricted to ourselves. It includes the silent conversations we have with
ourselves, wherein we juggle roles between the sender and receiver who are processing our thoughts and actions. This process
of communication when analyzed can either be conveyed verbally to someone or stay confined as thoughts.

2. Interpersonal Communication

This form of communication takes place between two individuals and is thus a one-on-one conversation. Here, the two
individuals involved will swap their roles of sender and receiver in order to communicate in a clearer manner.

3. Small Group Communication

This type of communication can take place only when there are more than two people involved. Here the number of people will
be small enough to allow each participant to interact and converse with the rest. Press conferences, board meetings, and team
meetings are examples of group communication. Unless a specific issue is being discussed, small group discussions can become
chaotic and difficult to interpret by everybody. This lag in understanding information completely can result in
miscommunication.

4. Public Communication

This type of communication takes place when one individual addresses a large gathering of people. Election campaigns and
public speeches are example of this type of communication. In such cases, there is usually a single sender of information and
several receivers who are being addressed.

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. Facial Expressions
Without a doubt, the most common—and telling—nonverbal means of communication is through facial expressions. Human
faces are able to make more than 10,000 different expressions, and each one articulates volumes of information with ease.
Smiling, frowning, blinking, and every teenager’s favorite, eye-rolling, are the strongest and most relatable expressions, but
even the smallest eyebrow twitch or nostril flare can be read with minimal effort. The most surefire way to establish a
connection with a stranger, client, or even long-time acquaintance: Smile! A smile is welcoming, warm, and establishes you as a
person who people want to spend time with.

2. Body Movements
Body movements, or kinesics, include common practices like hand gestures or nodding. Very often, body movements convey
enthusiasm or excitement. For instance, we all know someone who “talks with his hands.” However, other aspects of kinesics
include actions that we commonly perceive with nervousness or anxiety like involuntary tremors, frequent clearing of the
throat, or a shaking leg. During meetings, it’s best to keep your hands on a table or in a gentle clasp. You want to avoid
“drumming” on your thigh or repeatedly touching your face, as these are often distracting.

3. Posture
Posture is critical in making a strong impression. How you stand or sit is one of the important elements in how you are
perceived by others. Someone who stands with their back straight and head held high exudes confidence, assurance, and
strength, while, conversely, someone who is slouched or facing the floor demonstrates uncertainty, indifference, or even
weakness. To express friendliness and positivity, maintain an open posture. Stand with your legs hip-distance apart and keep
your torso exposed as opposed to covered with your crossed arms. Keep your head raised and relax your facial expression. A
closed posture, especially crossed arms across the chest, gives the impression of boredom or hostility.

Human faces are able to make more than 10,000 different expressions, and each one articulates volumes of informationwith
ease."

4. Eye Contact
Perhaps the best way to build rapport with a stranger is by maintaining eye contact. Eyes can indicate interest, attention, and
involvement, while failing to make eye contact may be interpreted as disinterested, inattentive, or rude. However, this doesn’t
mean you have to stare directly into the face of another person—quite the opposite, in fact. There is nothing more aggressive
than staring intensely into someone’s eyes. Experts suggest that healthy eye contact consists of looking semi-randomly at the
area around the eyes, which includes the eyelids and eyebrows.

5. Paralanguage
Any parent with small children is familiar with the phrase “don’t use that tone of voice with me.” This is a perfect example of
how paralanguage—the aspects of the voice that differ from the words—affects the message. The most obvious example is
sarcasm, in which the tone of what’s being said conveys the opposite of the message. Odds are that someone who drawls
“Grreeeattt” in a laconic tone is less than thrilled at what’s being presented. Less obvious paralanguage includes the speed,
volume, and pitch of speaking. For example, a presentation mumbled too quickly suggests that the salesman is, at best,
nervous, or, at worst, being disingenuous. Be conscious of how quickly you talk, and be sure to speak clearly and loud enough
to be heard. But be sure to take care not to be too loud, as this comes off as belligerent and off-putting.

6. Proxemics
Thanks largely to Seinfeld, the notion of a “close talker” has become part of our consciousness. People are very protective of
their personal space, particularly the area that Mehrabian calls the “intimate space” (i.e., 6 to 18 inches). This is a zone
generally reserved for family, close friends, or romantic partners. When engaging in business conversation, you always want to
be far enough that the other person is comfortable, but you do not want to be too far, suggesting that you are distancing
yourself or uninterested in the conversation.

7. Physiological Changes
With nonverbal communication closely related to emotion, the physiological reactions are often the most associated with
anxiety and discomfort. Sweating, blushing (or flushing), and teary eyes are all dead giveaways that someone is ill-at-ease.
When you recognize that an associate you’re speaking to has a case of the nerves, it’s important that you make them feel
comfortable. Also, everyone’s been guilty of a clammy handshake at one time or another.

To develop a successful relationship, it’s crucial that you have not only strong speaking skills, but also a keen understanding of
nonverbal cues that accompany conversation. Nonverbal communication is mostly emotional in nature; that is to say that it is
spontaneous and cannot be faked. Having an awareness—or even a control—of the seven aspects of nonverbal communication
will give you an advantage in business dealings when you understand the message behind the message.

Nonverbal communication describes the processes of conveying a type of information in the form of
non-linguistic representations. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic
communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expressions, eye
contact etc. Nonverbal communication also relates to the intent of a message. Examples of intent are
voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as
sweating.[3] Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage,
e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and
establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, the
spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion.
Nonverbal communication demonstrates one of Paul Wazlawick's laws: you cannot not communicate.
Once proximity has formed awareness, living creatures begin interpreting any signals received.[4] Some
of the functions of nonverbal communication in humans are to complement and illustrate, to reinforce
and emphasize, to replace and substitute, to control and regulate, and to contradict the denotative
message.
Nonverbal cues are heavily relied on to express communication and to interpret others' communication
and can replace or substitute verbal messages. However, non-verbal communication is ambiguous.
When verbal messages contradict non-verbal messages, observation of non-verbal behaviour is relied on
to judge another's attitudes and feelings, rather than assuming the truth of the verbal message alone.
There are several reasons as to why non-verbal communication plays a vital role in communication:
"Non-verbal communication is omnipresent." [5] They are included in every single communication act. To
have total communication, all non-verbal channels such as the body, face, voice, appearance, touch,
distance, timing, and other environmental forces must be engaged during face-to-face interaction.
Written communication can also have non-verbal attributes. E-mails and web chats allow an individual's
the option to change text font colours, stationary, emoticons, and capitalization in order to capture non-
verbal cues into a verbal medium.
"Non-verbal behaviours are multifunctional." [6] Many different non-verbal channels are engaged at the
same time in communication acts and allow the chance for simultaneous messages to be sent and
received.
"Non-verbal behaviours may form a universal language system." [6] Smiling, crying, pointing, caressing,
and glaring are non-verbal behaviours that are used and understood by people regardless of nationality.
Such non-verbal signals allow the most basic form of communication when verbal communication is not
effective due to language barriers.

Verbal[edit]

Verbal communication is the spoken or written conveyance of a message. Human language can be
defined as a system of symbols (sometimes known as lexemes) and the grammars (rules) by which the
symbols are manipulated. The word "language" also refers to common properties of
languages. Language learning normally occurs most intensively during human childhood. Most of the
thousands of human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for symbols which enable
communication with others around them. Languages tend to share certain properties, although there
are exceptions. There is no defined line between a language and a dialect. Constructed languages such
as Esperanto, programming languages, and various mathematical formalisms are not necessarily
restricted to the properties shared by human languages.
As previously mentioned, language can be characterized as symbolic. Charles Ogden and I.A Richards
developed The Triangle of Meaning model to explain the symbol (the relationship between a word), the
referent (the thing it describes), and the meaning (the thought associated with the word and the thing).
The properties of language are governed by rules. Language follows phonological rules (sounds that
appear in a language), syntactic rules (arrangement of words and punctuation in a sentence), semantic
rules (the agreed upon meaning of words), and pragmatic rules (meaning derived upon context).
The meanings that are attached to words can be literal, or otherwise known as denotative; relating to
the topic being discussed, or, the meanings take context and relationships into account, otherwise
known as connotative; relating to the feelings, history, and power dynamics of the communicators.[7]
Contrary to popular belief, signed languages of the world (e.g., American Sign Language) are considered
to be verbal communication because their sign vocabulary, grammar, and other linguistic structures
abide by all the necessary classifications as spoken languages. There are however, nonverbal elements
to signed languages, such as the speed, intensity, and size of signs that are made. A signer might sign
"yes" in response to a question, or they might sign a sarcastic-large slow yes to convey a different
nonverbal meaning. The sign yes is the verbal message while the other movements add nonverbal
meaning to the message.