INDUSTRIAL FLOOR DESIGN

Date: November 7th, 2016

To: BAUPARTNER d.o.o. (Gračanica – BiH)

Attention: Mr Admir Faslič

From: Ruredil SpA (Italy)

Trib. Reg. Impr. Milano 192578/5453/28 – R.E.A. Milano 1033206 Roma - Tel. 06.3211957 - 335/5835142
Sede legale: Galleria S. Babila 4/B - 20122 Milano Salerno - Tel. 335.8106477
Cap. soc. € 5.200.000 i.v. - M. MI 050100 Torino - Tel. 011.712402 – 011.712731
C.F./P.I. 04725680153 - ccp n. 28244200 ASSOCIATO
ASSIAD

Certificato No. 97156 Certificato No. 950/2

 Industrial floor design
 Starting data
k = 13 kg/cm3 Substratum Winkler constant (equivalent to 80 MPa soil);
Rck = 300 kg/cm2 Concrete class;
ν = 0.15 Poisson coefficient of concrete;

The other properties of the concrete (calculated on the basis of Rck) are:
fctd = 13.7 kg/cm2 calculated resistance to tensile stress due to bending;
Ec = 311769 kg/cm2 modulus of elasticity.

 Part 1 (axes 10 and 11)

h =20 cm Proposed soil thickness;
For design of Part 1 of industrial floor we take into account the worst hypothesis: maximum load
allowed on a truck axle, Q = 12.000 kg.
We consider the load Q equally divided over the 4 wheels of axle.
So the value considered for calculation is P
P = 1.7 ∙ Q/4= 5100 kg
where the dynamic coefficient 1.7 is introduced as a matter of ultimate strength design.
Then considering:
a = 30 cm diameter of the circular area related to the footprint of each wheel
l = 40 cm distance between closest wheels;
l1 = 250 cm distance between pairs of
wheels;

We may schematically represent each pair of adjacent loads

as one load P1 = 2P = 10200 kg distributed over a circle
with a radius of:
a1 = aeq = 70.8 cm (calculated in case of pair of loads P =
5100 kg at distance l = 40 cm with a floor thickness of h =
20 cm)
We may then perform the calculation considering the two
loads P1 each applied to a circle with a diameter of aeq located at a distance of l1 = 250 cm.

Considering the floor thickness of h = 20 cm, the suggested Ruredil X Fiber 54 content is of 1.50
kg/m3 (see the attached plot).

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 Part 2 (all the rest)
h =15 cm Proposed soil thickness;
For design of Part 2 of industrial floor we take into account the worst hypothesis: static load coming
from polystyrene storage, load 500 kg/m2

Loaded area A = 1 m2
is represented through diameter of a circular-shaped area having same value
a = 112 cm diameter of the circular shaped area equal to A

The load value considered for calculation is P

P = 1.5 ∙ Q= 1.5 ∙ 500kg = 750 kg
where the static coefficient 1.5 is introduced as a matter of ultimate strength design.

We perform the calculation considering the load P =750

kg applied to the circular-shaped area (represented
through diameter a = 112 cm) located far from slab
borders.
Considering the floor thickness of h = 15 cm, the
suggested Ruredil X Fiber 54 content is of 1.50 kg/m3
(see the attached plot).

 Solution

For all floor (Part 1 and Part 2), the suggested Ruredil X Fiber 54 content is of 1.50 kg/m3.

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 RXF– FLOOR DESIGN SOFTWARE

Ruredil Technical Management, working in collaboration with a group of university researchers,

has developed a calculation programme for design of civil and industrial flooring resting directly on
the ground (slab-on-ground), completely doing away with use of electro-welded grids and metal
fibres. The programme takes into account the behaviour of fibrous concrete after cracking on the
basis of Yield Line Theory. The mechanical behaviour of concrete reinforced with Ruredil RXF-54
fibres is assessed through experimental results taking into account the concepts of fracture
mechanics. For this purpose a large number of fibre-reinforced concretes were produced using
Ruredil RXF-54 hybrid structural polymeric fibres, varying the dosages of the fibres and the
concrete resistance class. This permitted construction of an abacus capable of correlating the
maximum load to which the floor may be subjected with floor thickness, dosage of RXF-54 fibres
and concrete class. This programme is the only one of its kind, for it can demonstrate the possibility
of constructing civil and industrial flooring with hybrid structural polymeric fibres (RXF-54) in
place of metal grids and fibres, while at the same time achieving the goal of designing a longer-
lasting concrete which will not deteriorate due to corrosion of metal grids and fibres.

INTRODUCTION

The programme calculates the dosage of Ruredil RXF 54 fibres necessary in a concrete floor once
thickness has been specified.
It takes into account the cases of:
- - a resulting load P applied to a circle with a diameter of a positioned far away from the edges of
the slab;
- - two concentrated resulting loads P each applied to two circles, each with a diameter of a, far
away from the edges; the distance between the centres of the circles is l.

PROPORTIONING CRITERION

The quantity of fibre required for a given thickness is calculated in the spirit of “Yield Line
Theory”, on the basis of the indications given in the works cited in the bibliography.
Let us consider a floor resting on a Winkler elastic foundation. The floor is cracked due to the
positive moment present under the load. Thickness and fibre dosage are determined in such a way that
the concrete will not crack under maximum negative moment present at a certain distance from the
load (maximum negative moment is therefore equal to the moment at which the concrete first cracks).
In other words, let us consider that for increasing loads cracking is first produced at positive
moment under the load (maximum moment); as the load increases, radial intrados cracking increases

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 until maximum negative moment is such as to crack the concrete on the extrados. This condition is
considered the Ultimate Limit State of the floor.
Let us also consider that positive moment is transmitted into cracked sections by the presence of
fibres. In fibrous concrete, in fact, the constitutional link shown in figure 1 is assumed under tensile stress, in
which fct is the concrete’s resistance to tensile stress (considered independently of fibre dosage) and residual
resistance fres is due to the presence of fibres which cross the crack and permit tensile tensions to pass from
one side of it to the other. Residual resistance depends on:

- concrete class (Rck);

- fibre dosage and type (Vf).

Figure 1. Constitutional link under tensile stress of concrete containing RXF 54

fibres.

The link fres = fres(Rck, Vf) is determined on the basis of experiments conducted with different
dosages of Ruredil RXF 54 fibres and different concrete classes, and is of the type shown in figure 2.

Figure 2. Trend in fres with RXF 54 fibre dosage.

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 Bending moment Mres transmitted thanks to the presence of fibres in a cracked section is
determined as shown in the diagram in figure3.

Figure 3. Moment created by fibres.

Note that the procedure described represents “ultimate strength design”, so the load P must
represent the load condition at the Ultimate Limit State (typically: permanent loads multiplied by 1.4
and accidental loads multiplied by 1.5). This must also be considered for the concrete’s resistance to
tensile stress, which must represent a calculated value for the parameter..

PARAMETERS IN INPUT

Calculation input parameters are:

- - diameter a of the load footprint(s) area (cm);

- - distance l between the centres of the footprint areas if there are two loads (cm);
- - load P corresponding to the combination of loads at the Ultimate Limit State (kg);
- - concrete class (Rck in kg/cm2); concrete class must be entered whenever it is used to assess the
effect of fibres (the same quantity of fibres will produce more evident benefits in high class
concretes);
- - the concrete’s calculated resistance to tensile stress (fctd in kg/cm2); this resistance may,
alternatively, be automatically assessed on the basis of concrete class using the formula fctd = 0.7 ∙
1.2 ∙ 0.27 (Rck)⅔ / 1.6 (Rck and fctd in N/mm2) if the “calculation from Rck” option is selected;
- - modulus of elasticity of the concrete (Ec in kg/cm2); this modulus may, alternatively, be
automatically assessed on the basis of concrete class using the formula Ec = 5700 ( Rck )½ (Rck and
Ec in N/mm2) if the “calculation from Rck” option is selected;
- - underlying elastic constant (k in kg/cm3); a number of reference values have been entered (soft
ground, mediocre ground, tamped added ground, well-tamped added ground, for which the values
are, respectively, k = 1.5 kg/cm3, k = 3 kg/cm3, k = 6 kg/cm3, k = 10 kg/cm3.

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- - desired thickness (h in cm); represents an attempted floor thickness value.

PARAMETERS IN OUTPUT

On the basis of this information the programme supplies:

1. a diagram showing floor thickness in relation to the required fibre dosage (this diagram is useful
for guiding subsequent attempts if the fibre dosage corresponding to the attempted thickness is too
high or thickness can be reduced);
2. the fibre dosage corresponding to the thickness entered, determined on the basis of the criteria
shown above;
3. equivalent load area, if two loads are placed a certain distance apart.
The diagram mentioned in point 1 may be saved in bitmap format using the appropriate command; the
results of calculation (and the input data) may be saved in txt format.

COMMENTS

The programme provides for a minimum fibre dosage of 1.5 kg/m3 which is in all cases necessary to
combat cracking due to shrinkage and temperature excursions.
The presence of fibres thus makes use of electro-welded grids unnecessary.
The floor must, however, have dilation joints.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Westergaard, H. M. “New formulas for Stresses in Concrete Pavements of Airfields, ASCE, vol.113, pp.425-
444, 1926.

Johansen, K. W., “ Yeld-Line Theory, Cement and Concrete Association, London, 1962.

Meyerhof, G. G. “Load-Carrying Capacity of Concrete Pavements”, Journal of Soil Mechanics and

Foundations Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 1962.

Leonards, G. A., Harr, M. E., “Analysis of Concrete Slabs on Ground”, ASCE, Vol. 85, pp. 35-58, 1959.

Losberg, A., “Pavements and Slabs on Grade with Structurally Active Reinforcement”, ACI Journal, Title 75-
66, nov.-dic. 1978.

ACI, 544.4R-88, “Design Considerations for Steel Reinforced Concrete”, Reported by ACI Committee 544,
1988.

CBI Report 1:89, Åke Skarendahl, Bo Westerberg, “Handledning för dimensionering av fiberbetonggolv”,
1989.

ACI 360R-92, “Design of Slabs on Grade”, Reported by ACI Committee 360, 1992.

Soroushian, P., Tlili, A., Alhozaimy, A., Khan, A. “Development and Characterization of Hybrid
Polyethylene Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 90 n. 2, 1993.

Bayasi, Z., Zeng, J. “Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 90
n. 6, 1993.

Ruredil, “Ruredil X Fiber 54, Scheda tecnica.

Di Prisco, M., Toniolo, G., Editors Proceedings of the International Workshop Structural
Applications of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete, 2000.

RILEM TC 162-TDF: “Test and Design Methods for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete - - Desigh
Method”, Materials and Structures, Vol. 33, March 2000, pp. 75-81.
RILEM TC 162-TDF, “Test and Design Methods for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete – Bending test”, Materials and Structures, Vol. 35, November 2002,
pp. 579-582