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Dr. Cristobal Cruz PGY‐III
Department of Ophthalmology
University of Puerto Rico
Chief Complaint
•Mi hijo tiene una nube
en el ojo
History of Present Illness
• 5 y/o male with hx mild bronchial asthma,
with a 2 year history of progressive visual loss
and discomfort in bright light. Noticed patient
difficulty walking around the house. Mother
had been told that patient need surgery but
had lost follow up. No history of trauma.
Past Medical History
• Born 39 weeks
• No problems during pregnancy
• Had all immunization
• Mild Asthma
• No surgery
• No allergies
Family History
• Mother no know history of illness,
questionable immunization records
• Father healthy
• Gran father Diabetic
Social History
• Mother house wife from Dominican Rep.
• Father construction worker
• Cement house
Physical Examination
Right Left
Vision 20/100 20/80
Lids Normal Normal
S/C Normal Normal
I/P RRTL RRTL
Cornea Clear Clear
EOM Full Full
MOT 13in Ortho
20ft Ortho
Red reflex Poor Poor
Differential Diagnosis
• Leukocoria
– Cataract
– Retinoblastoma
– PHVP
– Coats
– Retinal detachment
Physical Examination
Right Left
Lens Nuclear Cataract Nuclear Cataract
Retina Hazy view Hazy view
Grossly normal Grossly normal
B scan normal B scan normal
Cataract Classification
• Causes
• Morphology
• Inheritance
• Bilateral and Unilateral
Anterior Polar Cataract
• Non progressive
• Small
• Surgery
• Refractive error
Lamellar Cataract
• Hereditary Progressive
• Bilateral
• Peripheral Opacities
Nuclear Cataract
• Congenital
• Dense
• Axial Opacity
Associated Disease
• Metabolic
• Hereditary
Work up
• Urine amino acid negative
• Urine reductase substance negative
• Parents no sign of cataract
• TORCH negative except Rubella 253
• Normal hearing test
Rubella Ocular Manifestation
• Cataract
• Glaucoma
• Pigmentary Retinopathy
• Bilateral in 80% cases
Rubella Syndrome
• Sensorineural hearing loss
• Ocular abnormalities
• Heart defect
• CNS abnormality
• Hepatosplenomegaly
• Skin lesions
• Thrombocytopenia
Surgical Intervention
• Visual significance of surgery
• Involving visual axis
• Amblyopia
Literature Review
• Manifestation of congenital rubella syndrome:
clinical and epidemiologic aspects
– Lahbil D, Souldi L, Rais L, Lamari H, El Kettani A,
– Zaghloul K; Bull Soc Belge Oph, 2007; (303):13‐20
• 2005 Gregg Lecture: Congenital Cataract‐
from rubella to genetics
– Mackey DA; Clinical Exp Ophthal, 2006 (308) 199‐
207
•Thanks