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Integrating
Project Delivery
A Simple Framework for Putting IPD into Action
Where to start?
A simple framework.
Between The American Institute of Architects (AIA) and other industry organizations,
there is a large amount of good information on IPD available. But since it involves
a shift in mindset and practice in just about every aspect of designing, building and
delivering facilities, the authors dug deeper and created a roadmap for integration.
It took eight years to write Integrating Project Delivery, because the authors wanted
to explain what IPD is and develop a roadmap, or framework, that can be applied to
deliver high-performance buildings. The book was written to empower owners and AEC
teams in a wide range of markets to learn from the experience of other pioneers who
have been leading the industry in this relatively new delivery model.
It all starts with a high-performance building (the desired outcome) and works For a comprehensive playbook of the steps
backwards to determine all the components necessary to get there. While this needed to succeed, purchase the book
Integrating Project Delivery, published by
simple framework is not designed to be followed in a linear fashion, it is a useful Wiley and written by Martin Fischer, Howard
demonstration of how the elements must work together. Ashcraft, Dean Reed and Atul Khanzode.
This guide will briefly cover each of the key elements and how they work
together toward the common goal—a product where the sum is greater than
its individual parts. Learn more about how to put the simple framework and
integration into practice in the book, Integrating Project Delivery.
Buildable:
• Easier to assemble, saving hours and materials
• Safer to assemble
• Constructed using the best available methods and practices
Operable:
• All systems work together and are easily maintained
and fixed
• All operations and maintenance requirements are
considered early on during design
Usable:
• Support the core functions of the building and
its occupants
• Enable uses to be more effective (examples: layout,
flexibility, atmosphere)
Sustainable:
• Works in harmony with natural, social and economic contexts
• Allows client’s management team to sustain its business
• Reduces waste, environmental impact and disposal costs
• Costs less to operate, helping owners remain competitive
There’s so much more to IPD than integrating the systems of the building itself.
From there, team members must map these user values to building features, then build
integrated simulation models to predict how these systems will interact with each other.
Once the design is finalized, the team develops a fully integrated building system that
achieves optimal performance on the metrics that matter most to the owner.
Greenscreen Provides
Shading and Biomass
How does the organization align people PRODUCT ORGANIZATION PROCESS (POP) MODEL
STRUCTURED
Mapping the flow of value through value streams enables individuals to better align
themselves with their work processes. By forming and working in cluster teams, work
is structured to produce greater value. PROCESS SUPPLY
DESIGN: DESIGN:
How To How To Buy/
Implementing integrated concurrent engineering (ICE) is a valuable tool, helping Assemble Fabricate
teams work faster to make decisions and solve problems.
How can you manage and strengthen Not surprisingly, research has shown that the
strength of a team is tied to the overall cost,
schedule and quality outcomes of a project.
your team to ensure your project is Design and construction teams that were
highly cohesive reported lower cost growth
In IPD agreements, the management structure is typically defined in the contract, and
project teams are led by managers committed to making “best-for-project” decisions.
The stakes were high for all partners—under the contract, they
would win or lose together based on overall team performance.
While some owner objectives are immeasurable, there must be some agreed-upon
objectives in place to measure and track performance. A highly valuable building design
considers both cost and income of a facility when making decisions that affect design,
construction, operation and use.
• Agree on how to measure the value they are creating for the owner
• Prioritize stakeholder goals and connect them to design solutions
• Seek alternatives from stakeholders
• Align how they’ll produce value
• Execute continuous commissioning to measure production and progress
at every step along the way
• Use dashboards and other tools to track metrics in real time so
the team can assess and adjust as needed
Change orders in the field can add up to lost time and expensive
rework. When planning the design and construction of this
state-of-the-art, 250,000-sq.-ft. medical office building, DPR,
its design partners and the owner enlisted the help of MEP and
fire-protection subcontractors experienced in BIM.
The question is whether the right people are doing the right thing at the right time.
If not, time and money are being wasted. Producing precisely what the downstream
customer needs when they need it is the goal of Lean production management.
While this sounds straightforward, it can only be achieved when people work together
as an integrated, aligned team.
1. Plan work as a team, not for the team. Ask the doers to become planners/doers. Managers on an integrated team
become a lot like coaches. They help
2. Develop a clear and common understanding. Every individual on a team is both
teams and work crews improve by
a customer and a supplier. Everyone is responsible for clearly describing what
tracking performance against team-set
they need and understanding what they will be providing. Both parties must
targets and looking for ways to improve
agree on what will be delivered and when. It can’t be dictated.
the work. Managers also watch “game
3. Create a big picture strategy. Develop an end-to-end plan showing when big film of first installations” with work
decisions and chunks of work need to be completed. crews to see opportunities to make
4. Next, develop the plan. All those involved in each big chunk of work should work easier, safer and better quality.
analyze the requirements and develop a clear plan for how they will make the
work flow—pull-planning backwards from key milestones and gathering the
information, materials and resources needed to complete work. This enables
the people responsible to look ahead to identify and remove roadblocks.
5. Daily Huddle. Managers or foremen need to talk daily about workflow and any
problems their teams encountered. They also commit to the work their team
will start or complete. Each manager should answer the three questions used
in a Daily Scrum meeting, a timed 15-minute meeting where the team
synchronizes activities and creates a plan for the next 24 hours:
• What have you done since yesterday?
• What are you planning to do by tomorrow?
• Do you have any problems preventing you from accomplishing your goal?
While having the whole team co-locate isn’t always feasible, major design decisions,
logistics and production planning should occur in the “co-lo.”
Medical Center at
Mission Bay
SAN FRANCISCO, CA—‘BIG ROOM’ HELPS DELIVER BIG RESULTS
FOR HEALTHCARE FACILITY
A major benefit of having the team in a single location is the ability to add integrated
concurrent engineering, or ICE, sessions. Rather than the consecutive design activities
of traditional methods, big design decisions are made simultaneously—significantly
accelerating the evaluation of design alternatives and decisions.
BIM and simulation tools drive better outcomes allowing teams to:
Briefing Center
SAN FRANCISCO, CA—BIM TECHNOLOGY
MAXIMIZES EFFICIENCIES FOR LEED-CI PLATINUM FACILITY
Components include:
Jointly shared risk and reward: embodies the project goals and
creates consequences for success or failure tied to their achievement
Group responsibility for overall project outcome: puts control in the
hands of the project participants and makes them responsible for
total project outcome, not just their performance
Reduced individual liability: limits liability among team members,
which helps them feel more secure and collaborative and enables
trust and innovation
Group incentivization: stimulates behaviors that increase creativity,
improve productivity, reduce waste and lead to better outcomes,
whether measured by value aesthetics, functionality or sustainability