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LIQUID PEII{ETRANT EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE -AWS D1.1

DOCUMENT : PT.PD/PT- AWS/12

REVISION NO. ! 00

Prepared by Reviewed by Reviewed and Approved by

Name Name : ff. AbbAg Name : Adi Padmo

Position : NDE Level II Position : I\DE LEYEL III

Position : Director
ASNT. No. : 126596
Date :22 February,20l6 Date :22 February,2016 Date :22f,'ebruaryr2frl6
 1 of 12

LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE - AWS D1.1

DOCUMENT : PT.PD/PT- AWS/12

REVISION NO. : 00

Prepared by Reviewed by Reviewed and Approved by

Name : Name : Name : Adi Padmo

Position : NDE LEVEL III
Position : NDE Level II Position : Director
ASNT. No. : 126596
Date : 22 February, 2016 Date : 22 February, 2016 Date : 22 February, 2016
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
( AWS D1.1 )
Revision : 00
PT.PD/PT- AWS/12 Page 2 of 12
Issued : 22 February, 2016

SUMMARY OF REVISION SHEET

This page is a record of all revisions of the procedure and the following revision (s) has (have) been made
to this procedure.

REV. DATE PAGE BRIEF OF REVISION

00 22 February, 2016 All First Issue

 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
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Revision : 00
PT.PD/PT- AWS/12 Page 3 of 12
Issued : 22 February, 2016

Daftar Isi / Table of Content

Par. Uraian Par. Description Page

1 Tujuan 1 Purpose 4
2 Ruang Lingkup 2 Scope 4
3 Persyaratan Keselamatan 3 Safety Requirements 4
4 Referensi 4 References 5
5 Definisi – Definisi 5 Definitions 5
6 Qualifikasi dan Tanggung Jawab 6 Qualification and Responsibility 5
7 Material Pengujian 7 Examination Materials 5
8 Procedure 8 Procedure 6
8.1 Persiapan Permukaan 8.1 Surface Preparation 6
8.2 Pembersihan sebelum Pengujian 8.2 Pre – Examination Cleaning 6
8.3 Aplikasi Penetrant 8.3 Penetrant Application 7
8.3.1 Suhu 8.3.1 Temperature 7
8.3.2 Metode 8.3.2 Methods 7
8.3.3 Waktu Tunggu 8.3.3 Dwell Time 7
8.4 Penghilangan Kelebihan Penetrant 8.4 Removal of Excess Penetrant 7
8.5 Pengeringan Setelah Penghilangan 8.5 Drying After Penetrant Removal 8
Penetrant
8.6 Pengaplikasian Developer 8.6 Application of Developer 8
8.7 Pencahayaan. 8.7 Illumination. 8
8.8 Interprestasi Indikasi 8.8 Interpretation Of Indication 8
8.9 Standar Penerimaan 8.9 Acceptance Standards 9
8.10 Pembersihan Setelah Pengujian 8.10 Post – Examination Cleaning 9
9 Dokumentasi 9 Documentation 9
Lampiran Attachments 10~12
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
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1 Tujuan 1 Purpose
a. Untuk menyediakan petunjuk dan standar a. This procedure provides guidance and
penerimaan pelaksanaan pengujian dengan acceptance standards for color contrast
color contrast visible dye penetrant untuk visible dye penetrant examination of
lasan stainless steel, carbon and low alloy weldments stainless steel, carbon and
steel materials Structural Welding Code low alloy steel materials for Structural
Steel, AWS D 1.1. Welding Code Steel, AWS D 1.1.
b. Prosedur ini terdiri dari versi Inggris dan b. This procedure consists of English and
Indonesia, jika ada konflik antara keduanya Indonesian language, should there is
maka versi Inggris yang dipakai. conflict between these versions the
English version shall govern.

2 Ruang Lingkup 2 Scope

2.1 Prosedur ini berlaku untuk metode 2.1 This procedure is applicable to the
penetrant solvent removable . solvent removable penetrant method.
2.2 Pengujian Liquid penetrant digunakan 2.2 Liquid penetrant examination is used to
untuk mendeteksi cacat terbuka detect discontinuities that are opened to
dipermukaan material pada metal the surface of nonporous metals.
nonporous .
2.3 Pengujian Liquid penetrant harus 2.3 Liquid penetrant examination shall be
dilaksanakan pada langkah-langkah performed at the various stages of
fabrikasi sesuai persyaratan dari routing production that are required by the
sheet, spesifikasi proses atau oleh applicable routing sheets, process
persyaratan kontrak pelanggan. specifications or by customer contract
requirements.
2.4 Prosedur ini berlaku untuk pengujian 2.4 This procedure is applicable for liquid
dengan liquid penetrant yang penetrant examination performed on
dilaksanakan pada permukaan dengan surfaces where the temperature shall
temparatur tidak lebih dibawah 50oF not be below 50oF (10oC) nor above
(10 C) atau diatas 125 F (52oC) saat
o o
125oF (52oC) throughout the
periode pengujian. examination period.

3 Persyaratan Keselamatan 3 Safety Requirements

3.1 Peraturan safety PT. PRIMA 3.1 PT. PRIMA DOWANDJU’s safety
DOWANDJU harus ditaati selama dalam regulation shall be followed during
pengujian. examination.
3.2 SAFETY ( S.H.E INSTRUCTION ) 3.2 SAFETY ( S.H.E INSTRUCTION )
 Selalu menggunakan PPE such as  Always use PPE such as Safety shoes,
Safety shoes, hand glove, safety glass, hand glove, safety glass, and helmet.
and helmet.  Watch out for slippery and falling
 Waspada tempat yang licin dan benda object.
jatuh  Watch out for the hazard around the
 Waspada benda berbahaya sekitar areas.
tempat kerja  Stop the activities and report to client
 Berhenti kerja dan lapor ke client an and supervisor for unsafe working
supervisor untuk tempat kerja yang tidak condition.
aman  Use fall protection equipment if
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
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 Pakai alat pengaman ketinggian jika working above 2 m.
kerja diatas 2 m  Collect all waste and put it in agreed
 Pungut sampah dan buang ditempat place.
yang tersedia  Do not expose any lubricant, oil or
 Jangan membuang pelumas, oli atau test fluid to the ground.
cairan bekas test ke lantai

4 Referensi 4 References
4.1 PT. PRIMA DOWANDJU Written 4.1 PT. PRIMA DOWANDJU’s Written
Practice Practice
4.2 AWS D 1.1, Structural Welding Code 4.2 AWS D 1.1, Structural Welding Code
Steel, 2015 Edition. (SNI 13-6985-2004) Steel, 2015 Edition. (SNI 13-6985-2004)
4.3 ASTM E165, 2014 Edition, Standard Test 4.3 ASTM E165, 2014 Edition, Standard Test
Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination. Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination.

5 Definisi – Definisi 5 Definitions

5.1 Developer: material yang diaplikasikan ke 5.1 Developer: a material that is applied to
permukaan tes untuk mempercepat the test surface to accelerate bleeds outs
keluarnya dan mempertajam kontras dari and enhance the contrast of the
indikasi. indications.
5.2 Penetrant: cairan capuran dari pewarna. 5.2 Penetrant: a solution or suspension of
dye.
5.3 Footcandle (fc): pencahayaan pada 5.3 Foot-candle (fc): the illumination on
permukaan, di area 1 ft2, didistribusikan surface, 1 ft2 in area, on which is
merata dengan kekuatan 1 lm (lumen). uniformly distributed a flux of of 1 lm
(lumen).
5.4 Precleaning: penghilangan kontaminasi 5.4 Precleaning: the removal of surface
permukaan dari bagian tes sehingga contaminants from the test part so that
mereka tidak mengganggu proses they will not interfere with the
pengujian. examination process.
5.5 Post cleaning : penghilangan sisa material 5.5 Post cleaning: the removal of residual
pengujian cairan penetrant dari bagian tes liquid penetrant examination materials
setelah pengujian penetrant dilaksanakan. from the test part after the penetrant
examination has been employed.

6 Qualifikasi dan Tanggung Jawab 6 Qualification and Responsibility

6.1 Personel yang melakukan pengujian untuk 6.1
memenuhi syarat – syarat dari spesifikasi
ini harus diqualifikasi sesuai dengan
procedure PT. PRIMA DOWANDJU
Written Practice
6.2 Personel yang menentukan keberterimaan 6.2
sesuai syarat –syarat dari prosedur ini
harus Level II atau Level III.
Personnel performing examinations to the
requirements of this specification shall be
qualified in accordance with PT. PRIMA
DOWANDJU’s Written Practice
Personnel determining the acceptability
to the requirements of this procedure
shall be Level II or Level III.

7 Material untuk pengujian 7 Examination Materials

7.1 Semua material penetrant (cleaning 7.1 All penetrant materials (cleaning
agents, penetrant, solvents, developer, agents, penetrant, solvents, developer,
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
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dll.) yang digunakan pada austenitic etc.) used on austenitic stainless steel
stainless steel harus memiliki kandungan shall have sulphur and halogen contents
sulfur dan halogen tidak lebih dari 1%. not exceed 1%.
7.2 Type II dari Color contrast visible dye 7.2 Color contrast visible dye penetrants of
penetrants harus didesign sesuai : Type II shall be designated as follows:
Type II – method C, Solvent Removable Type II - method C ,Solvent Removable
7.3 Pencampuran material penetrant dari grup 7.3 Intermixing of penetrant materials
yang berbeda dari supplier yang berbeda from different groups or from different
tidak diperbolehkan. suppliers within a group is not
permitted.
7.4 Merk dan produk lain dari yang disebut 7.4 Brand name or products other than
di prosedur ini bisa digunakan asalkan specified in this procedure may be used
demonstrasi untuk bisa memuaskan A I provided demonstration to the satisfaction
harus dilaksanakan. of the Authorized Inspector is performed.
Daftar material dibawah ini (atau The following list of materials (or their
equivalennya) boleh digunakan untuk equivalents) may be used for liquid
pengujian dari liquid penetrant: penetrant examination:
Supplier Material Type Supplier Material Type
Magnaflux Penetrant SKL- SP 1 Magnaflux Penetrant SKL- SP 1
Magnaflux Solvent / Remover SKC-S Magnaflux Solvent / Remover SKC-S
Magnaflux Developer SKD-S2 Magnaflux Developer SKD-S2
Oikosh Penetrant H - 41 Oikosh Penetrant H - 41
Oikosh Solvent / Remover C - 36 Oikosh Solvent / Remover C - 36
Oikosh Developer D - 78 Oikosh Developer D - 78

8 Instruksi – Instruksi 8 Instructions

8.1 Persiapan Permukaan 8.1
8.1.1 Sebelum melaksanakan pengujian liquid 8.1.1
penetrant , permukaan benda uji dan daerah
sekitarnya sedikitnya 1 inci (25 mm) harus
bebas dari semua kotoran, grease, lint, scale,
welding flux, weld spatter, oil, dan material
lain yang akan menutupi bukaan permukaan
atau mengganggu saat pengujiannya.
8.1.2 Grit atau shot blasting tidak diperbolehkan 8.1.2
untuk dipakai mempersiapkan permukaan.
Surface Preparation
Prior to liquid penetrant examination, the
surface to be examined and all adjacent
areas within at least 1 in (25 mm) shall be
dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale,
welding flux, weld spatter, oil, and other
extraneous material that could obscure
surface openings or otherwise interfere
with the examination.
Grit or shot blasting is prohibited as a
method of surface preparation.

8.2 Pembersihan sebelum Pengujian 8.2 Pre – Examination Cleaning

8.2.1 Sebelum mengaplikasikan penetrant, 8.2.1 Prior to penetrant application, the surface
permukaan yang akan diuji dan daerah to be examined and all adjacent areas
sekitar setidaknya 1" (25 mm) harus within at least 1" (25 mm) shall be
dibersihkan dengan cleaning agent sehingga cleaned with a cleaning agent meeting the
memenuhi persyaratan Par. 7.4. requirements of Par. 7.4.
8.2.2 Diperlukan waktu minimum lima menit 8.2.2 A minimum of five minutes shall be
untuk memberi waktu kering pada allowed for drying of the surfaces to be
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
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permukaan yang akan diuji. Pengeringan
bisa dengan normal penguapan atau
meniupkan udara hangat.
8.3 Aplikasi Penetrant 8.3
8.3.1 Suhu 8.3.1
8.3.1.1 Pada semua hal rekomendasi dari pabrik 8.3.1.1
pembuat harus dikuti.
8.3.1.2 Teknik standar, suhu dari penetrant dan 8.3.1.2
permukaan benda uji tidak boleh dibawah
50oF (10oC) atau diatas 125oF (52oC) saat
periode pengujian. Pemanasan atau
pendinginan lokal diperbolehkan asalkan
suhu pada bagian yang diuji tetap dalam
range antara dari 50oF sampai 125oF (10oC
sampai 52oC) selama pengujian.
8.3.1.3 Apabila kondisi ini tidak bisa teraplikasikan 8.3.1.3
pada saat pelaksanaannya, maka suhu
maupun waktu yang beda boleh dipakai,
asalkan demonstrasi untuk bisa memuaskan
Authorized Inspector dilaksanakan.
8.3.2 Metode 8.3.2
Penetrant bisa diaplikasikan dengan
berbagai metode, seperti dikuas, atau
disemprot.
8.3.3 Waktu Tunggu 8.3.3
Waktu penetrasi adalah kritis, dan
memerlukan minimum 10 menit. Area uji
harus tetap basah dengan penetrant sampai
memenuhi waktu penetrasinya.
8.4 Penghilangan Kelebihan Penetrant 8.4
8.4.1 Setelah waktu penetrasi terlewati, cairan 8.4.1
penetran yang berada dipermukaan benda
uji harus dihilangkan, dilaksanakan dengan
hati-hati untuk menghindari penghilangan
cairan tersebut dari cacat yang akan diuji.
8.4.2 Kelebihan Solvent removable penetrants 8.4.2
dibuang dengan mengelapnya dengan kain
yang kering atau kertas serap air, lakukan
berulang sampai sisa penetran
dipermukaan benda uji hilang .
8.4.3 Sisa yang lain dihilangkan dengan 8.4.3
mengusap ringan permukaan benda dengan
kain bersih atau kertas serap air yang telah
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: 22 February, 2016
examined. This shall be accomplished by
normal evaporation, or forced warm air.
Penetrant Application
Temperature
In all cases manufacturer’s
recommendation shall be followed.
As a standard technique, the temperature
of the penetrant and the surface of the
part to be examined shall not be below
50oF (10oC) nor above 125oF (52oC)
throughout the examination period.
Local heating or cooling is permitted
provided the part temperature remains in
the range of 50oF to 125oF (10oC to
52oC) during the examination.
Where it is not practical to comply with
this temperature limitation, other
temperatures and times may be used,
provided demonstration to the satisfaction
of the Authorized Inspector is performed.
Methods
The penetrant may be applied by any
suitable means, such as brushing, or
spraying.
Dwell Time
Penetrant time is critical and shall be
minimum of 10 minutes. The area to be
examined shall remain wetted by the
penetrant throughout the entire
penetration time.
Removal of Excess Penetrant
After the minimum penetration time has
elapsed, any penetrant remaining on the
surface shall be removed, taking care to
minimise removal of penetrant from
discontinuities.
Excess solvent removable penetrants
shall be removed by wiping with a dry
clean cloth or absorbent paper, repeating
the operation until most traces of
penetrant have been removed.
The remaining traces shall be removed
by lightly wiping the surface with a clean
cloth or absorbent paper moistened with
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diberi solvent. solvent.
8.4.4 Untuk meminimasi penghilangan penetran 8.4.4 To minimise removal of penetrant from
dari cacat, pemakaian solvent harus sehati- discontinuities, care shall be taken to
hati mungkin. Tidak diperbolehkan untuk avoid the use of excess solvent. Flushing
menyiramkan solvent, setelah selesainya the surface with solvent, following the
aplikasi penetran dan sebelum waktu application of the penetrant and prior to
developing . developing, is prohibited.

8.5 Pengeringan Setelah Penghilangan 8.5 Drying After Penetrant Removal

Penetrant
Pengeringan permukaan boleh dengan The surface may be dried by normal
evaporasi normal, dihisap, wiping, atau evaporation, blotting, wiping, or forced
udara yang disemprotkan. air.

8.6 Pengaplikasian Developer 8.6 Application of Developer

8.6.1 Developer harus diaplikasikan segera
setelah penghilangan penetrant, dan
persyaratan dari paragraf 8.4 harus
dipenuhi, tetapi tidak lebih dari 10 menit
setelah penghilangan penetrant tersebut.
8.6.2 Sebelum developer diaplikasikan pada
permukaan, developer harus dikocok
terlebih dahulu untuk meyakinkan
kekentalan dari partikel dan menghasilkan
dispersi yang sesuai
8.6.3 Developer harus diaplikasikan sehingga
tebal lapisannya cukup untuk menarik
cairan dari cacat ke permukaan tetapi tidak
boleh berlebihan sehingga tidak menutupi
indikasi dari cacat tersebut.
8.6.4 Waktu minimum untuk developing sampai
interprestasi adalah 10 menit tetapi tidak
lebih dari 30 menit.
8.6.1 The developer shall be applied as soon as
possible after the penetrant removal and
the requirements of paragraph 8.4 are
met, but no longer than 10 minutes after
the excess penetrant has been removed.
8.6.2 Prior to applying the developer to the
surface, the developer must be
thoroughly agitated to ensure adequate
dispersion of suspended particles.
8.6.3 The developer shall be applied so that the
coating thickness is sufficient enough to
draw the penetrant out of discontinuities,
but not too excessive which could cause
the masking of indications.
8.6.4 The minimum developing times for final
interpretation is 10 minutes but not
longer than 30 minutes.

8.7 Pencahayaan. 8.7 Illumination.

8.7.1 Pengujian menggunakan color contrast 8.7.1
visible dye penetrant harus dilaksanakan
dengan cahaya visible.
8.7.2 Minimum intensity cahaya 100 fc (1076 8.7.2
Lux) dibutuhkan untuk meyakinkan
sensitivitas selama pengujian dan evaluasi
dari indikasi mencukupi.
Examination using colour contrast visible
dye penetrant shall be performed under
visible light.
A minimum light intensity of 100 fc
(1076 Lux) is required to ensure adequate
sensitivity during the examination and
evaluation of indications.

8.8 Interprestasi Indikasi 8.8 Interpretation Of Indications

8.8.1 Observasi dari bentuk indikasi harus 8.8.1 Observation of the formation of
secepatnya dilakukan setelah indications begins immediately after the
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pengaplikasian dry developer atau saat application of a dry developer or as soon
lapisan wet developer mengering. as wet developer coating is dry.
8.8.2 Interprestasi akhir harus dilakukan setelah 8.8.2 Final interpretation of indications shall be
membiarkan penetrant merembes keluar made after allowing the penetrant to
setidaknya 10 menit tetapi tidak lebih dari bleed-out for at least 10 minutes, but
30 menit. not longer than 30 minutes.
8.8.3 Indikasi nonrelevan adalah indikasi yang 8.8.3 Non-relevant indications are indications
disebabkan kondisi lain selain cacat. caused by conditions other than
Ketidaksamaan permukaan akibat discontinuities. Surface irregularities due
machining, grinding, atau pengelasan to machining, grinding, or welding are
adalah kondisi yang menyebabkana conditions that may cause non-relevant
indikasi nonrelevant. indications.
8.8.4 Indikasi nonrelevant yang akan 8.8.4 Non-relevant indications that could
mengganggu indikasi dari cacat tidak mask indications caused by
dapat diterima dan harus diuji kembali. discontinuities are unacceptable and shall
Perbaikan permukaan harus dilakukan be re-examined. Surface conditioning
sebelum diuji ulang. shall proceed the re-examination.
8.8.5 Area pigmentasi yang luas yang dapat 8.8.5 Broad areas of pigmentation which
mengganggu indikasi relevan tidak bisa could mask relevant indications are
diterima, harus dibersihkan dan diuji unacceptable and shall be cleaned and
kembali. re-examined.

8.9 Standar Penerimaan 8.9 Acceptance Standards

Standard penerimaan untuk pengujian
Liquid Penetrant baik beban static maupun
cyclic harus sesuai dengan Table 6.1 of
AWS D 1.1, Visual Inspection Acceptance
Criteria.
8.10 Pembersihan Setelah Pengujian
Cleaning agents, atau solvents yang
memenuhi persyaratan paragraf 7 harus
digunakan untuk pembersihan penetrant
setelah pengujian telah dilakukan.
The acceptance standard of Liquid
Penetrant Examination for either static or
cyclic loaded shall be in accordance with
Table 6.1 of AWS D 1.1, Visual
Inspection Acceptance Criteria.
8.10 Post – Examination Cleaning
Cleaning agents, or solvents meeting the
requirements of paragraph 7 shall be
used for the post-examination removal
of penetrant materials

9 Dokumentasi
Hasil pengujian Liquid Penetrant yang
disyaratkan Code harus dilaporkan pada
format Laporan PT seperti (Exhibit 1)
atau Form yang serupa
9 Documentation
Result of Liquid Penetrant Examination
required by the Code shall be reported on
the PT report form( Exhibit 1) or typical
Form
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APPENDIX 1

TECHNIQUE SHEET NO. PTS-01

COMPONENT : Any non – porous material, metallic or non-metallic.
METHOD : Visible, Solvent – Removable.
PENETRANT : Magnaflux SKL – SP1 or Oikosh H 41
REMOVER : Magnaflux SKC – S or Oikosh C 36
DEVELOPER : Magnaflux SKD – S2 or Oikosh D 78
SURFACE CONDITION : Clean of all foreign particles. Dressed smooth as necessary
CLEANING METHOD : Cleaning with solvent remover, light wire brushing, scraping or sand paper.
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA : As per Section 9.9 of this procedure.

No. Paragraph Sequence Remark

1 8.1 Surface preparation - dry
- adjacent areas within at least 25.4 mm
- grit/shot blasting is prohibited
2 8.2 Pre-cleaning - dry
- adjacent areas within at least 25.4 mm
- min. 1 minutes
- by normal evaporation or forced warm air
3 8.3 Apply penetrant - temperature 100 – 520C
- by dipping, brushing or spraying
4 8.3.3 Allowed dwell time - min. 10 minutes
- remain wet
5 8.4 Removal of excess penetrant - by dry clean cloth or absorbent paper
- lightly wiping clean cloth moistened with solvent
- flushing is prohibited
6 8.5 Drying - by normal evaporation, blotting, wiping or forced air

7 8.6 Apply developer - as soon as, no longer 10 minutes

- coating thickness is sufficient enough, not too
excessive
8 8.8 Interpretation of indications - observation
- final interpretation, 10 – 30 minutes
- non-relevant indications and broad areas are
unacceptable and re-examined
9 8.10 Post cleaning - use cleaning agents or solvent

10 9 Reporting - All blank item shall be filled out

Note : Intermixing of penetrant materials from different families or brand shall not be permitted.
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Exhibit 1
PENETRANT TEST REPORT
Customer : Drawing No. : Rev. Report No :
Project Name : Procedure No. : Rev.
WPS no. : Applicable CODE
Material Spec. : W P S No. : Percentage exam. :
Penetrant Type / Method : Visible Solvent Removable Other
Brand’s Name/Type : Penetrant : Cleaner: Developer :
Method pre-cleaning : Solvent spray Drying after pre-cleaning :
Penetrant Application : Brush Spray Dwell Time : Temperature :
Light Intensity : Light Source :
Method removing excess penetrant :
Drying after remove excess penetrant : Developer App. : Developing Time :
Batch No. of Penetrant : Cleaner : Developer :
Surface Preparation / cleaning : As Welded As Machined As Ground Solvent spray
Stage of Examination : As Welded After Heat treated Others
Scope of Examination : Base Metal Edge Prep Back Chipping
: Weld Weld Repair Others

Joint / Welder Thickness Types of From “ 0 “ Length Result

Remarks
Part Name No. ( mm ) Discontinuities ( mm ) ( mm ) Accepted Rejected

Sketch :

Examined by : Reviewed / witnessed by : Reviewed / witnessed by :

Name :
NDE Level :

Date : Date : Date : Date :

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Table 6.1 ( AWS – 2015 Ed. )

Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria
( Non Tubular and Tubular Connection )

Statically Cyclically
Loaded Loaded Tubular
Nontubular Nontubular Connections
Discontinuity Category and Inspection Criteria Connections Connections (All Loads)
(1) Crack Prohibition
X X X
Any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location.
(2) Weld/Base-Metal Fusion
Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and between weld metal X X X
and base metal.
(3) Crater Cross Section
All craters shall be filled to provide the specified weld size, except for the ends of intermittent X X X
fillet welds outside of their effective length.
(4) Weld Profiles
X X X
Weld profiles shall be in conformance with 5.23
(5) Time of Inspection
Visual inspection of welds in all steels may begin immediately after the completed welds
have cooled to ambient temperature. Acceptance criteria for ASTM A514, A517, and X X X
A709 Grade HPS 100W [HPS 690W] steels shall be based on visual inspection performed
not less than 48 hours after completion of the weld.
(6) Undersized Welds
The size of a fillet weld in any continuous weld may be less than the specified nominal size
(L) without correction by the following amounts (U):
L, U,
specified nominal weld size, in. [mm] allowable decrease from L, in. [mm]
≤ 3/16 [5] ≤ 1/16 [2] X X X
1/4 [6] ≤ 3/32 [2.5]
≥ 5/16 [8] ≤ 1/8 [3]
In all cases, the undersize portion of the weld shall not exceed 10% of the weld length.
On web-to-flange welds on girders, underrun shall be prohibited at the ends for a length equal
to twice the width of the flange.
(7) Undercut
(A) For material less than 1 in. [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in. [1 mm],
with the following exception: undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any accumulated X
length up to 2 in. [50 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm]. For material equal to or greater than 1 in.
[25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any length of weld.
(B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01 in. [0.25 mm] deep when the
weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition. Undercut shall be no X X
more than 1/32 in. [1 mm] deep for all other cases.
(8) Porosity X
(A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress shall
have no visible piping porosity. For all other groove welds and for fillet welds, the sum of the
visible piping porosity 1/32 in. [1 mm] or greater in diameter shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm]
in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length
of weld.
(B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 in. [100
mm] of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].
Exception: for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the diameters of piping X X
porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4
in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld.
(C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress shall
have no piping porosity. For all other groove welds, the frequency of piping porosity shall not
X X
exceed one in 4 in. [100 mm] of length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in.
[2.5 mm].
Note: An “X” indicates applicability for the connection type; a shaded area indicates non applicability