FALL 2017/2018

STOICHIOMETRY

Faculty of Engineering and Technology at Sampoerna

University
 General Course Learning Outcome
6.0 The student shall utilize the concept of the mole to evaluate numerical relationships involving formulas and
balanced equations.

Specific Learning outcome

6.1 Illustrate the relationship between Avogadro’s number and formula weights (molar mass) of elements and compounds.
6.2 Identify the seven elements that exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental state.
6.3 Apply dimensional analysis to interconvert between the mass of a given substance and the corresponding number of moles.
6.4 Calculate the percent composition of a compound from its formula.
6.5 Read with critical comprehension quantitative analytical data required to calculate the empirical and molecular formula of a
compound.
6.6 Balance chemical equations utilizing the mole concept.
6.7 Given a balanced equation construct a diagram to demonstrate the relationship between the number of moles and grams for
various substances in a chemical equation. Use those relationships to calculate specific quantities of reactants and/or products
involved.
6.8 Evaluate the limiting reagent in a given chemical reaction based on previous stoichiometric calculations involving that
reaction.
6.9 Calculate the theoretical yield in a chemical reaction. Determine the percentage yield of a chemical reaction based on
quantitative experimental data.
Balancing Chemical Equation

Law of mass conservation

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
Balancing Chemical Equation

Write an unbalanced equation using the correct chemical formula unit for each
reactant and product.

Find suitable coefficients—the numbers placed before formulas to indicate how many formula
units of each substance are required to balance the equation
Balancing Chemical Equation

Report coefficients to their smallest whole-number values

Check your answer by making sure that the numbers and kinds of atoms are the same on
both sides of the equation.
Balancing Chemical Equation
Balancing Chemical Equation
Balancing Chemical Equation
Chemical Formula and Arithmetic

molecular weight of a substance is the average mass of

the substance’s molecules
Chemical Formula and Arithmetic

mole of any element is the amount whose mass in grams, or molar mass, is
numerically equal to the element’s atomic weight

Avogadro’s number of formula units (6.022 * 10^23 molecule/mol)

Chemical Formula and Arithmetic
Example :
let say we have 15 g C2H4 , how many grams of HCl need to make C2H5Cl?
Yields of Chemical Reactions

other processes, or side reactions, also occur.

Thus, the amount of product actually formed, called the yield of the
reaction, is usually less
than the amount predicted by calculations

amount of product actually formed in a reaction divided by

the amount theoretically
possible and multiplied by 100% is the reaction’s percent
yield
Yields of Chemical Reactions
Yields of Chemical Reactions
 Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas

Identifying the elements present and giving the mass percent of each element

Example :

84.1% carbon and 15.9% hydrogen by mass

empirical formula
(only the ratios of atoms in a compound)
 Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas

Molecular Formula

Actual numbers of atoms in a molecule, can be either the same as the empirical formula or a multiple of it

The molecular weight of our compound (octane) is 114.2 which is a simple multiple of the empirical
molecular weight for C4H9 (57.1)
Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas

How many percent of C, H and O in aspirin?

Aspirin C9H8O4
Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas
Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas
Reaction with Limiting Amount of Reactant

limiting reactant Excess Reactant

reactant that is present in limiting vs excess amount

Reaction with Limiting Amount of Reactant
Reaction with Limiting Amount of Reactant
Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

7 elements exist as homonuclear diatomic molecules

hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), fluorine (F2), and chlorine (Cl2) at
room temperature

iodine (I2) and bromine (Br2) at slightly higher temperature

 References:

1. James Brady, Neil Jespersen, Alison Hyslop. Chemistry. 7th edition . John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd. 2012

2. John E. McMurry, Robert C.Fay, Jill K. Robinson. Chemistry. 7th edition. Pearson Education, Inc. 2004

3. John Mc Murry, Mark Castellion, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson. Fundamentals
of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry. 6th edition. Pearson Education, Inc. 1992