Everything you need to know about cyst

ovarian treatment

First, what you should know is that the ovaries are two organs that are on both sides of
the female uterus, round and about 2 to 3 cm in diameter and whose function is to
mature and release an egg each month for the reproductive function of women.
Ovarian cysts, on the other hand, are only small bags or sacs that fill with fluid inside the
ovaries. Women of reproductive age can suffer this type of gynecological disorders
regardless of their sexual life, and although in some cases they can go unnoticed, there
are others where they produce symptoms and discomforts associated with this pathology,
although most are benign cysts or rather not cancerous.
Although the biggest problem of these is that it does not easily differentiate a cyst from a
malignant tumor, it is very important to inform us about the issue.

There are many types of ovarian cysts and it is extremely important to know how to
recognize them, then we explain briefly:
• Functional cysts: These are the most common and are usually produced by
ovulation that occurs every month, each ovule is covered by an envelope called
follicle that opens to release at the right time.
Knowing this then we can say that there are two types of functional cysts:
 • Follicular: they happen when the follicle does not open to release the ovum and
begins to form the pouch full of liquid.
• Corpus luteum: happens when the empty follicle is sealed once the egg is released.
This type of cysts can go unnoticed, without alarming pain and even without any
treatment they can disappear in light and calm way because of the body, wise, attacks and
discards them in a normal way.

(Left ovarian cyst)

Other types of cysts are:

• Teratoma or dermoid cysts: these commonly contain another type of tissue or
material such as skin, hair, or even teeth, since they are formed in the embryonic
stage and grow over time. They are not usually carcinogenic.
• Cystadenoma: produced by the cells that are outside the ovary. From this we can
also get two types:
- Serous cystadenoma: it is thin-walled and has a smooth surface
- Mucinous cystadenoma: is the largest, are also smooth surface but thicker
content.
• Endometrioma: This type of cysts is caused by the action of endometriosis (which
is nothing more than a pathology where the endometrial tissue is formed outside
the uterus, as in the ovaries)
• Hemorrhagic: When bleeding occurs within the cyst.
• Ovarian fibroid: commonly obtained during the menopause stage and within them
are those who can weigh up to 20kg.
 (ovarian cyst)
However, it is important to note that both dermoid cysts and cystadenomas can increase
in size and produce ruptures that lead to really painful and alarming symptoms.
Among the risk factors that a patient can have are:
Age, hormonal problems (due to the ingestion of hormones for fertility), pregnancy,
endometriosis and having previously suffered from ovarian cysts.

Treatment
The choice of appropriate treatment will depend on various factors such as the type of
cyst, symptoms, family history, and genetic characteristics of the patient.
First of all, a constant observation should be made to the cyst, this is achieved by
ultrasound to see if there is any variation in the size or shape of it.
Some cysts disappear with the passage of at least two or three cycles, and are not of great
importance, is when doctors recommend the use of birth control pills to regulate their
appearance, applying hormones and regulating the cycles.
If the doctor sees that the cyst is small.. you can opt for minimally invasive surgery, using
a laparoscope, which is a long device that enters the cupboard by a slight incision, it has a
camera integrated into one of its ends and allows the doctor to observe the inside of the
abdomen. Usually, it is the treatment by choice of medical specialists in the area.
If the doctor sees that the cyst is large.. and that with the passage of time has not
disappeared but is already beginning to observe the appearance of symptoms, it is the
time where usually the treating doctor is inclined to a surgical option, whose choice will
also vary depending on various factors such as the size and location of the cyst, age, and
symptoms.
This type of surgery is usually done by making an elongated horizontal incision in the
abdomen and proceeds to remove the affected ovary, although in some cases they can be
both, and that is where the age of the patient is evaluated and how it affects their
reproduction to future.

Symptom
Some of the most frequent symptoms observed in women who present cysts are:
• Changes in the menstrual cycle, either delays or progress or bleeding outside the
menstruation date
• Pain during intercourse
• Inflammation of the abdominal-pelvic area, accompanied by pain or discomfort.
• Hormone imbalances
• Sometimes nausea and vomiting
• And when the issue is more complicated, the pain intensifies.

In the case of women who want to become pregnant, it is important to know that the fact
of having ovarian cysts is not synonymous with infertility, although it increases notoriously
the probability of achieving it due to the hormonal imbalance facing the patient, as well as
the impossibility of ovulation in the appropriate time and total lack of control of the
organism. However, with the right treatment, the objective can be achieved.
However, a woman who remains in a state having ovarian cysts should bear in mind that
her care should be much more comprehensive, since with the advance of pregnancy the
size of the cyst also increases, leading to an ectopic pregnancy, or an ovarian rupture
during the gestation period, this being fatal for the future mother. It is important to
remember that any cyst larger than 8cm increases the risk that they may cause ovarian
torsion.