1.mathematical Physics NET-JRF

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS SOLUTIONS
NET/JRF (JUNE-2011)
Q1. The value of the integral  dz z 2 e z , where C is an open contour in the complex z -plane as
C
lm z
shown in the figure below, is:
5 5
(a) e (b) e  0,1
e e
5 5 C
(c) e (d)  e
e e
Re z
Ans. : (c)  1,0  1,0
Solution: If we complete the contour, then by Cauchy integral theorem
1 1
e   dzz e  0   dzz e    dzz 2 e z   z 2 e z  2 ze z  2e z  1 
1 5
 dzz e
2 z 2 z 2 z
1 C C 1
e
Q2. Which of the following matrices is an element of the group SU 2  ?
1 i 1 
 
 1 1
(a)   (b)  3 3
 0 1  1 1 i 
 
 3 3
 1 3
 
2  i i 
(c)   (d)  2 2 
 3 1 i  3 1 
 
 2 2 
Ans. : (b)
   
Solution: SU 2  is a group defined as following: SU 2   
2 2
 :  ,   C ;     1
    
1 i 1 1 i 1
clearly (b) hold the property of SU 2  .   ,  and   ,  .
3 3 3 3
Note: SU 2  has wide applications in electroweak interaction covered in standard model
of particle physics.
  
Q3. Let a and b be two distinct three dimensional vectors. Then the component of b that is

perpendicular to a is given by
  
(a)
a ba  
(b)
  
b  a b 
(c)
 
a b b  (d)
 
b a a    
a2 b2 b2 a2
Ans. : (a)
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 
Solution: a  b  ab sin  nˆ where n̂ is perpendicular to plane containing
 
a and b and pointing upwards. b b sin  kˆ
 
 
  
a  a  b  ab sin  a  nˆ    a 2 b sin  kˆ
     
b sin  kˆ 
 a  a  b  
 b sin  kˆ 
a  ba
.
  a
a 2
a2
Q4. Let p n  x  (where n  0,1, 2, ...... ) be a polynomial of degree n with real coefficients,
4
defined in the interval 2  n  4 . If  pn  x  pm  x dx   nm , then
2
1 3 1
(a) p 0 x   and p1  x    3  x  (b) p0  x   and p1  x   3 3  x 
2 2 2
1 3 1 3
(c) p0  x   and p1  x   3  x  (d) p 0  x   and p1  x   3  x 
2 2 2 2
Ans. : (d)
Solution: For n not equal to m kroneker delta become zero. One positive and one negative term
1
can make integral zero. So answer may be (c) or (d). Now take n  m  0 so p0  x  
2
and then integrate. (d) is correct option because it satisfies the equation Check by
integration and by orthogonal property of Legendre polynomial also.
Q5. Which of the following is an analytic function of the complex variable z  x  iy in the
domain z  2 ?
(a) 3  x  iy  (b) 1  x  iy  7  x  iy 
7 4 3
(c) 1  x  iy   7  x  iy  (d) x  iy  1
4 3 1/ 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Put z  x  iy . If z  x  iy appears in any of the expressions then that expression is
1
non-analytic. For option (d) we have a branch point singularity as the power is which
2
is fractional. Hence only option (b) is analytic.
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 1 1 1
Q6. Consider the matrix M  1 1 1
 1 1 1
 
A. The eigenvalues of M are
(a) 0, 1, 2 (b) 0, 0, 3 (c) 1, 1, 1 (d) – 1, 1, 3
Ans. : (b)
1   1 1 
Solution: For eigen values  1 1  1   0
 1 1 1   
1   1   2  1  1    1  11  1     0
1   1  2  2  1      0  2  2  3  22  2  0
3  32  0  2   3  0    0, 0, 3
For any n  n matrix having all elements unity eigenvalues are 0, 0, 0,..., n .
B. The exponential of M simplifies to (I is the 3  3 identity matrix)
 e3  1  M2
(a) e  I  
M
 M (b) e  I  M 
M
 3  2!
(c) e M  I  33 M (d) e M  e  1M

Ans. : (a)
Solution: For e M , let us try to diagonalize matrix M using similarity transformation.
 2 1 1   x1  0

For   3 ,  1  2 1   x 2   0
 1 1  2  x3  0
  2 x1  x2  x 3  0 , x1  2 x 2  x3  0 , x1  x 2  2 x3  0
 3x 2  3x3  0 or x2  x3  x1  x 2  x3  k .
1
1 
Eigen vector is 1 , where k  1 .
3 
1
For   0 ,
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1 1 1  x1  0
1 1 1  x  0  x  x  x  0
  2   1 2 3
1 1 1  x3  0
 k1  1
  1  
Let x1  k1 , x2  k2 and x3   k1  k2  . Eigen vector is  k2    1 where k1  k 2  1 .
 k 1  k 2   2
   1 
1
1  
Let x1  k1 , x 2  k 2 and x3  k1  k 2  . Other Eigen vector 0 where k1  1, k 2  1 .
2 
 1
 0 1 1 1  2 1 
S   1 0 1  S  2  1  1  D  S 1 MS , M  SDS 1 .
  1
 1  1 1 1  1 1 
1 0 0 
eM  Se D S 1  e D  0 1 0   e M  1 
e3  1 M  
3
0 0 e 3 
NET/JRF (DEC-2011)
Q7. An unbiased dice is thrown three times successively. The probability that the numbers of
dots on the uppermost surface add up to 16 is
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 36 108 216
Ans. : (b)
Solution: We can get sum of dice as 16 in total six ways i.e. three ways (6, 5, 5) and three ways
(6, 6, 4).
Total number of ways for 3 dice having six faces  6  6  6
6 1
 
6  6  6 36

Q8. The generating function F x, t    Pn  x t n for the Legendre polynomials Pn  x 
n 0

is F x, t   1  2 xt  t 2 
1
2
. The value of P3  1 is
(a) 5 / 2 (b) 3 / 2 (c)  1 (d)  1
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Ans. : (d)
Solution: P3 
1
2
  1
2
 1

5 x 3  3x  P3  1  5 1  3 1   5  3  1
3
2
Q9. The equation of the plane that is tangent to the surface xyz  8 at the point 1, 2, 4  is
(a) x  2 y  4 z  12 (b) 4 x  2 y  z  12
(c) x  4 y  2  0 (d) x  y  z  7
Ans. : (b)
Solution: To get a normal at the surface, lets take the gradient
 xyx   yziˆ  zxˆj  kˆxy  8iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ
We want a plane perpendicular to this so: r  r0    8iˆ64 4 16ˆj 2k4ˆ  0 .

x 1iˆ   y  2 ˆj  z  4kˆ 8iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ  0  4 x  2 y  z  12 .
Q10.    
A 3  3 matrix M has Tr M   6, Tr M 2  26 and Tr M 3  90 . Which of the following
can be a possible set of eigenvalues of M ?
(a) 1,1, 4 (b)  1, 0, 7 (c)  1, 3, 4 (d) 2, 2, 2
Ans. : (c)
  2 2
 
Solution: Tr M 2   1  3  4 also Tr M 3   1  3  4  90 .
2 3 3 3
Q11. Let x1 t  and x2 t  be two linearly independent solutions of the differential equation
d 2x dx t  dx t 
 2  f t x  0 and let wt   x1 t  2  x2 t  1 . If w0   1, then w1 is
dx
2
dt dt dt dt
given by
(a) 1 (b) e 2 (c) 1 / e (d) 1 / e 2
Ans. : (d)
Solution: W t  is Wronskian of D.E.
W  e   e 2t  W 1  e 2 since P  2 .

 Pdt
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1 for 2n  x  2n  1
Q12. The graph of the function f  x   
0 for 2n  1  x  2n  2
~
where n  0,1, 2,...... is shown below. Its Laplace transform f s  is
f x 
1  es 1  es
(a) (b)
s s 1
1 1
(c) (d) x
s 1  e  s  s 1  e  s  0 1 2 3 4 5
Ans. : (c)
 1 2 3
Solution: L f  x    e  sx
f  x  dx   e  sx
 1dx   e  sx
 0dx   e  sx  1dx  ......
0 0 1 2
1 3
 e  sx   e  sx 
   0     ...... 
1 s
e 1 
1 3 s

e  e  2 s  ......   
  s 0   s 2 s s

1
s
 1
 
 1  e  s  e 2 s  e 3 s  ........  1  e  s  e  2 s  e 3s  ....
s

a 1 1 
Since S   where r  e  s and a  1  S    .
1 r s  1  e  s 
Q13. The first few terms in the Taylor series expansion of the function f  x   sin x around

x are:
4
1     1   1   
2 3
(a)  
1  x     x     x   .....
2   4  2!  4  3!  4 
1   
2 3
 1  1 
(b) 1
  x     x     x   .....
2   4  2!  4  3!  4 
   1   
3
(c)  x     x   .....
 4  3!  4 
1  x 2 x3 
(d) 1  x   .....
2  2! 3! 
Ans. : (b)
Solution: f  x   sin x
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  1    1    1
f   , f     cos  , f      sin  
4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2
1   
2 3
 1  1 
So Taylor’s series is given by 1   x     x     x   .....
2   4  2!  4  3!  4 
NET/JRF (JUNE-2012)
Q14. A vector perpendicular to any vector that lies on the plane defined by x  y  z  5 , is
(a) iˆ  ˆj (b) ˆj  kˆ (c) iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (d) 2iˆ  3 ˆj  5kˆ

Ans. : (c)
   
Solution: Let   x  y  z  5     iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  x  y  z  5  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ .
 x y z 
1 2 3 
 
Q15. The eigen values of the matrix A   2 4 6  are
3 6 9 
 
(a) 1, 4, 9  (b) 0, 7, 7  (c) 0,1,13 (d) 0, 0,14 
Ans. : (d)
1   2 3 
Solution: For eigenvalues A  I  0   2 4 6   0
 3 6 9   
1   4   9     36  229     18  312  34     0

1   4   9     361     49     36  9  0
3  142  0  2   14  0    0, 0, 14 .
1
Q16. The first few terms in the Laurent series for in the region 1  z  2 and
z  1z  2
around z  1 is
1  z  z 2  ....1  z  z  z  ....
2 3
1 1
 z  1  z   1  z   ....
2 3
(a) (b)
2  2 4 8  1 z
1  1 1  2 4 
(d) 2 z  1  5 z  1  7z  1  ....
2 3
(c)
z2 1  z  z 2  .... 1  z  z 2  ....
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Ans. : (b)
1 1 1 1 1 1
 1  1  z 
1
Solution:     
z  1z  2 z  2 z  1 1  z  z  1  1 1  z
1 
 1  1  z  
 1 2  1  z 2   1 2  3 1  z 3 ...
     
1 z  2! 3! 

1
1 z

 z  1  z   1  z   ....
2 3

1 2
Q17. Let u  x, y   x  x  y 2  be the real part of analytic function f z  of the complex
2
variable z  x  i y . The imaginary part of f  z  is
(a) y  xy (b) xy (c) y (d) y 2  x 2

Ans. : (a)
Solution: u  x, y   x 
1 2
2
 
x  y 2 , v  x, y   ?
u v u v
Check  and  .
x y y x
u v v
  ,  1 x , v  y  xy  f  x 
x y y
u v v
   y, v  yx  f  y 
y x x
y  xy  f  x   yx  f  y 
If f  x   0, f  y  y
v  xy  y
Q18. Let y  x  be a continuous real function in the range 0 and 2 , satisfying the
d2y dy  
inhomogeneous differential equation: sin x 2
 cos x  x  
dx dx  2
The value of dyldx at the point x   / 2
(a) is continuous (b) has a discontinuity of 3
(c) has a discontinuity of 1/3 (d) has a discontinuity of 1
Ans. : (d)
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2
d y dy  
Solution: After dividing by sin x , 2
 cot x  cosec x    x  
dx dx  2
dy  dy   
Integrating both sides,   cot x dx   cosec x  x  dx
dx  dx   2
dy
 cot x  y   cosec 2 x  ydx  1
dx
Using Dirac delta property:  f x  x  x   f x  (it lies with the limit).

0 0
dy cos x
 y   y cosec 2 xdx  1 , at x   ; sin x  0 . So this is point of discontinuity.
dx sin x
Q19. A ball is picked at random from one of two boxes that contain 2 black and 3 white and 3
black and 4white balls respectively. What is the probability that it is white?
(a) 34 / 70 (b) 41 / 70 (c) 36 / 70 (d) 29 / 70
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Probability of picking white ball
2 B 3W 3B 4W
3 4
From box I  and from box II 
5 7  
1  3 4  41
Probability of picking a white ball from either of the two boxes is   
2  5 7  70
Q20. The eigenvalues of the antisymmetric matrix,
 0  n3 n2 
 
A   n3 0  n1 
  n2 0 
 n1
where n1 , n 2 and n3 are the components of a unit vector, are

(a) 0, i,  i (b) 0,1,  1 (c) 0,1  i,  1,  i (d) 0, 0, 0
Ans. : (a)
 0 n3 n2   0  n3 n2 
Solution: A   n3 0 n1    A   n3
 T
0  n1 
 n2 n1 0    n2 n1 0 
0    n3 n2 
 A   I   0,  n3 0  n1   0
  n2 n1 0   
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 1  0  2    n12  n22  n32  3   n12  n22  n32
but n12  n22  n32  1
so, 1  0 , 2  i , 3  i
A   AT (Antisymmetric). Eigenvalues are either zero or purely imaginary.

Q21. Which of the following limits exists?
 N 1   N 1 
(a) lim    ln N  (b) lim    ln N 
N 
 m 1 m  N 
 m 1 m 
 N
1  N
1
(c) lim    ln N  (d) lim 
N 
 m 1 m  N 
m 1 m
Ans. : (b)
Q22. A bag contains many balls, each with a number painted on it. There are exactly n balls
which have the number n (namely one ball with 1, two balls with 2, and so on until N on
them). An experiment consists of choosing a ball at random, noting the number on it and
returning it to the bag. If the experiment is repeated a large number of times, the average
value the number will tend to
2N  1 N N 1 N  N  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 2 2
Ans. : (a)
N  N  1
Solution: Total number of balls 1  2  3  4  .....  N 
2
k
The probability for choosing a k th ball at random 
N  N  1
2
2 k 2 2 N  N  12 N  1
Average of it is given by k  k  P   
N  N  1 N N  1 6
2N 1 N  N  12 N  1
 where k 2  .
3 6
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Q23. Consider a sinusoidal waveform of amplitude 1V and frequency f 0 . Starting from an
1
arbitrary initial time, the waveform is sampled at intervals of . If the corresponding
2 f0
Fourier spectrum peaks at a frequency f and an amplitude A , them
(a) f  2 f 0 and A  1V (b) f  2 f 0 and 0  A  1 V

f0 1
(c) f  0 and A  1V (d) f  and A  V
2 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: y  1sin 2 f 0t  . y
The Fourier transform is:
1 IV
F y    f  f 0     f  f 0 
2
t
1 0 T
In Fourier domain f  f 0 , A  .
2
NET/JRF (DEC-2012)
 a b c 
Q24. The unit normal vector of the point  , ,  on the surface of the ellipsoid
 3 3 3
x2 y 2 z 2
   1 is
a2 b2 c2
bciˆ  caˆj  abkˆ aiˆ  bˆj  ckˆ
(a) (b)
a2  b2  c2 a2  b2  c2
biˆ  cˆj  akˆ iˆ  ˆj  kˆ

(c) (d)
a2  b2  c2 3
Ans. : All the options given are incorrect.
x2 y 2 z 2
Solution: Here     1.
a 2 b2 c2

Unit normal vector is .

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     x 2
y 2
z2  2 xiˆ 2 yˆj 2 zkˆ
So,    i  ˆj  kˆ    2  2  2  1  2  2  2
 x y z   a b c  a b c
2 ˆ 2 ˆ 2 ˆ
  a b c 
 i j k
 , ,
 3 3 3
 a 3 b 3 c 3
4 4 4 2 b 2c 2  a 2c 2  a 2c 2
    
3a 2 3b 2 3c 2 3 a 2b 2 c 2
2 ˆ 2 ˆ 2 ˆ
i j k
 a 3 b 3 c 3 bciˆ  caˆj  abkˆ
 
  a b c 
2 b 2c 2  c 2 a 2  a 2b 2 b 2c 2  c 2 a 2  a 2b 2
 , , 
 3 3 3 3 abc
Q25. Given a 2  2 unitary matrix U satisfying U †U  UU †  1 with det U  e i , one can

construct a unitary matrix V V †V  VV †  1 with det V  1 from it by
(a) multiplying U by e i / 2

(b) multiplying any single element of U by e  i
(c) multiplying any row or column of U by e i / 2
(d) multiplying U by e  i
Ans. : (a)
Q26. The graph of the function f x  shown below is best described by
1.00
(a) The Bessel function J 0  x 
0.25
0.50
(b) cos x
0.25
f (x)
0.00
(c) e  x cos x
 0.25
 0.50
1
(d) cos x  0.75
x  1.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. : (a) x
Q27. In a series of five Cricket matches, one of the captains calls “Heads” every time when the
toss is taken. The probability that he will win 3 times and lose 2 times is
(a) 1 / 8 (b) 5 / 8 (c) 3 / 16 (d) 5 / 16
Ans. : (d)
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3 53 2
1  1 5! 1 1 5!
Solution: P    1      .
2  2 3!5  3! 8  2  3!5  3!
1 5  4  3! 20 5 5
    
32 3! 2! 32  2 8  2 16
The probability of getting exactly k successes in n trials is given by probability mass

n!
p k  1  p  , k  successes, n  trials.
nk
function 
k !n  k !
Q28. The Taylor expansion of the function ln cosh x  , where x is real, about the point x  0
starts with the following terms:
1 2 1 4 1 2 1 4
(a)  x  x  .... (b) x  x  ....
2 12 2 12
1 2 1 4 1 2 1 4
(c)  x  x  .... (d) x  x  ....
2 6 2 6
Ans. : (b)
e x  ex
Solution: cosh x  .Tailor’s series expansion of f  x  about x  a
2
f  a  f ''  a  f '''
f  x  f a   x  a   x  a  x  a   ... . Here a  0 .
2 3

1 ! 2 ! 3 !
e x  ex  1 e x  e x e x  e x
f  x   log    0 , f   x  x 0  x  x   x  tanh x  0
 2  x 0 e e 2 e  e x
2
f ' ' x  
e x
  
 ex e x  ex  e x  ex e x  ex    e x
 ex   e
2 x
 ex 
2
 1 tanh 2 x
e x
e x 2
 e x
e 
x 2
At x  0, f ''  x   1, f '''  x   0, f   x   2,...
1 2 1 4
 f x   x  x  .......
2 12
z 3 dz
Q29. The value of the integral  , where C is a closed contour defined by the
C z 2
 5z  6 
equation 2 z  5  0, traversed in the anti-clockwise direction, is
(a)  16 i (b) 16 i (c) 8 i (d) 2 i

Ans. : (a)
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Solution: z  5 z  6  0  z  2 z  3z  6  0  z  z  2   3 z  2  0  z  3, 2
2 2
2 z  5  z  2.5 , only 2 will be inside.
z3 8 z 3 dz
Residue   z  2    8   2  2 i  8  16 i
z  3z  2 z  2 2  3 c z  5z  6
NET/JRF (JUNE-2013)

tn
 H n x 
2
Q30. Given that  e t  2tx
n 0 n!
the value of H 4 0  is
(a) 12 (b) 6 (c) 24 (d) – 6
Ans. : (a)
 
tn tn t4 t6
 H n x   e t  2tx   H n 0   e t  1  t 2  
2 2
Solution:
n 0 n! n 0 n! 2! 3!
H 4 0  4 t 4 4!
 t   H 4 0   12 .
4! 2! 2!
Q31. A unit vector n̂ on the xy -plane is at an angle of 120 o with respect to iˆ . The angle
 
between the vectors u  a iˆ  b nˆ and v  anˆ  b iˆ will be 60 o if
(a) b  3a / 2 (b) b  2a / 3 (c) b  a / 2 (d) b  a

Ans. : (c)
Solution: u  aiˆ  bnˆ , v  anˆ  biˆ
  
 u  v  aiˆ  bnˆ  anˆ  biˆ  u v cos 60  a 2 iˆ  nˆ  ab  ba  b 2 nˆ.iˆ
a 2
 b 2  2ab cos120   cos 60  a
2
2
cos120  2ab  b 2 cos120
 2 2 1
2
1 2
2
2 1
 1
 a  b  2ab    cos 60   a  b  2ab   a 2  b 2      a 2  b 2   2ab
ab
 2 2 2
5ab a
 a2  b2  b .
2 2
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Q32. With z  x  iy, which of the following functions f  x, y  is NOT a (complex) analytic
function of z ?
(a) f  x, y    x  iy  8 4  x 2  y 2  2ixy 
3 7
(b) f  x, y    x  iy  1  x  iy 
7 3
(c) f  x, y   x 2  y 2  2ixy  3
5
(d) f  x, y   1  x  iy  2  x  iy 
4 6
Ans. : (d)
Solution: f  x, y   1  x  iy  2  x  iy   1   x  iy  2  x  iy 
4 6 4 6
Due to present of z   x  iy 
Q33. The solution of the partial differential equation
2 2
u  x , t   u  x, t   0
t 2 x 2
satisfying the boundary conditions u 0, t   0  u L, t  and initial conditions

u  x,0   sin x / L  and u x, t  t 0  sin 2x / L  is
t
(a) sin  x / L  cos t / L   sin 2x / L  cos2 t / L 

L
2
(b) 2 sin x / L  cos t / L   sin x / L  cos2 t / L 
(c) sin x / L  cos2 t / L   sin 2x / L sin  t / L 

L

(d) sin x / L  cos t / L   sin 2x / L sin 2 t / L 

L
2
Ans. : (d)
 2u  2u x u 2 x
Solution:  2  0 , u  x,0   sin and  sin
t 2
x L t t 0 L
This is a wave equation
 an t an  t   n x 
So solution is given by u  x, t     An cos  Bn sin  sin  
n  L L   L 
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n x n x
L L
2 2
with An   f  x  sin dx, Bn   g  x  sin dx
L0 L an 0 L
 2u  2u x 2 x
Comparing a 2  2 , We have a  1 and f  x   sin , g  x   sin ,
t 2
x L L
 2 x 
 1  cos
x n x x L  dx  2  L  1 (let n  1 )
L L L
2 2 2
An   sin sin dx   sin 2 dx    
L0 L L L0 L L 0 2  L 2
 
2 x n x
L
2
Putting n  2 , Bn  
an 0
sin
L
 sin
L
dx
 4 x 
 1  cos
2 2 x L  dx  2  L  L
L L
2 2
2 0 2 0 
 sin dx   
L 2  2 2 2
 
Q34. The solution of the differential equation
dx
 x2
dt
with the initial condition x0   1 will blow up as t tends to
1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 
2
Ans. : (a)
dx dx x 21 1
Solution:  x 2   2   dt  t C  t C
dt x  2 1 x
1 1 1
 x0  1   0  C  C  1   t 1  x  as t  1 , x blows up
1 x 1 t
1
Q35. The inverse Laplace transforms of is
s s  1
2
1 2 t 1 2
(a) t e (b) t  1  e t
2 2
t 1  e t 
1 2
(c) t 1  e  t (d)
2
Ans. : (c)
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 1  t t
Solution: f s  
1
 f t   e t  L1     e dt   e t 0   e t  1
t
   
s 1  ss  1  0
 1  t
 
   e  1 dt  e  t  
t
 L1  2 t t
 et  t  1 .
 s  s  1  0 0
Q36. The approximation cos   1 is valid up to 3 decimal places as long as  is less than:
(take 180 o /   57.29 o )

(a) 1.280 (b) 1.810 (c) 3.280 (d) 4.010
Ans. : (b)
2 4 2
Solution: cos  1    .......  1 
2! 4! 2!

cos   1 when   1.81o   0.0314
100
NET/JRF -(DEC-2013)
Q37. If A  iˆyz  ˆjxz  kˆxy , then the integral  A  dl (where C is along the perimeter of a
C
rectangular area bounded by x  0, x  a and y  0, y  b ) is
(a) 
1 3
2
a  b3  (b)  ab 2  a 2 b  (c)  a 3  b 3  (d) 0
Ans. : (d)
 A  d l     A.d a  0 since   A  0 .
C S
Q38. If A, B and C are non-zero Hermitian operators, which of the following relations must
be false?
(a) A, B   C (b) AB  BA  C (c) ABA  C (d) A  B  C
Ans. : (a)
Solution:  A, B   C  AB  BA  C  ( AB  BA)†  C †
(( AB)†  ( BA)† )  C †  ( B † A† )  ( A† B † )  C †
Hence A,B and C are hermitian then
BA  AB  C  A, B   C
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Q39. Which of the following functions cannot be the real part of a complex analytic function
of z  x  iy ?
(a) x 2 y (b) x 2  y 2 (c) x 3  3 xy 2 (d) 3x 2 y  y  y 3

Ans. : (a)
Solution: Let x 2 y be real part of a complex function. Use Milne Thomson’s method to write
analytic complex function. The real part of that function should be (1) but that is not the
case. So this cannot be real part of an analytic function. Also,
z 2  x  iy   x 2  y 2  2ixy , Real part option (2)
2
z 3   x  iy   x 3  iy 3  3ixy  x  iy 
3
 x 3  iy 3  3ix 2 y  3xy 2 , Real part option (3)

Q40. The expression
 2 2 2 2  1
 2  2  2  2  2
 x
 1 x 2 x3 x 4  1 
 x  x2  x2  x2
2 3 4 
is proportional to
(a)   x1  x 2  x3  x 4  (b)   x1  x 2  x3   x 4 
(c) x12  x 22  x32  x 42  (d) x12  x 22  x32  x 42 

3 / 2 2
Ans. : (b)
   1   2 x1
Solution:   2  
2 
 x1  x1  x 2  x3  x 4  x1  x2  x3  x4 
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 2
    
2
2 2 2
 2 x
 1  x2  x3  x4 1  2  2 x1  x1 x12  x22  x32  x42
 2  
x12
 
4
 x12  x22  x32  x42 
 
 2 3 4 1  1 2 3
 x 2  x 2  x 2  x 2 2  4 x 2  8x 2  2 x 2  x 2  x 2  x 2
 2  1  1 4 
 
x1  x 2  x3  x 4
2 2 2 2 3
  
x1  x 2  x3  x 4
2 2 2 2 3

Now similarly solving all and add up then we get
 2 2 2  2  1 1 1 1 
 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2 
 x1 x 2 x3 x 4  x1 x 2 x3 x 4 
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
2 2

8 x1  x2  x3  x4  8 x1  x22  x32  x42
2 2 2
0
  
 
3
x12  x22  x32  x42
also if all x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 becomes zero it should be infinity.

 2 2 2 2  1
 x  x 2  x 2  x 2    x1     x 2     x3     x 4 

So  2  2  2  2  2
 x1 x 2 x3 x 4  1  2 3 4 
 
dx  dx
Q41. Given that the integral  2
0 y  x
2

2y
, the value of  y
0
2
 x2 
2
is
   
(a) (b) 3
(c) (d)
y 3
4y 8y 3
2 y3
Ans. : (b)
 
1
Solution:  y
dx
 
dx
, pole is of 2nd order at x  iy , residue  1/ 4iy 3  
 x2   
2 2
0
2 2  y  x
2 2
1 1 
Integral     2 i  3 
2 4iy 4 y3  
Q42. The Fourier transform of the derivative of the Dirac  - function, namely   x  , is
proportional to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) sin k (d) ik
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Fourier transform of   x 

H K     x e ikx dx  ike k 0   ik

Q43. Consider an n  nn  1 matrix A , in which Aij is the product of the indices i and j
(namely Aij  ij ). The matrix A
(a) has one degenerate eigevalue with degeneracy n  1

(b) has two degenerate eigenvalues with degeneracies 2 and n  2 
(c) has one degenerate eigenvalue with degeneracy n
(d) does not have any degenerate eigenvalue
Ans. : (a)
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1 2
Solution: If matrix is 2  2 let   then eigen value is given by
 2 4
1   2 
   0  (1   )(4   )  4  0    0,5
 2 4
 1 2 3
 
If If matrix is 3  3 let  2 4 6  then eigen value is given by
 3 6 9
 
1   2 3 
 
 2 4 6 0
 3 6 9   

1     4    9     36  2 18  2  9     3 12  3  4     0

1     2  13  36  36  2 18  18  2   312  12  3   0
 2  13   3  13 2  13  0   3  14 2  0    0, 0,   14
i.e. has one degenerate eigenvalue with degeneracy 2.
Thus one can generalized that for n dimensional matrix has one degenerate eigevalue
with degeneracy n  1 .
Q44. Three sets of data A, B and C from an experiment, represented by  , and  , are
plotted on a log-log scale. Each of these are fitted with straight lines as shown in the
figure. 1000
100
C
B
10
1 

 A

0.1 1 10 100 1000
0.1
The functional dependence y  x  for the sets A, B and C are respectively

x 1 1
(a) x , x and x 2 (b)  , x and 2 x (c) , x and x 2 (d) , x and x 2
2 x2 x
Ans. : (d)
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NET/JRF -(JUNE-2014)
Q45. Consider the differential equation
d 2x dx
2
2 x0
dt dt
with the initial conditions x0   0 and x 0   1 . The solution xt  attains its maximum
value when t is
(a) 1/2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 
Ans. : (b)
d 2x dx
 2  x  0  m 2  2m  1  0   m  1  0  m  1,  1
2
Solution: 2
dt dt
 x   c1  c2 t  e  t , since x  0   0  0  c1  x  c2te t
 x  c2  te t  e  t 
Since x  0   1  1  c2  x  te t
For maxima or minima x  0  x  te t  e t  0  x  e t 1  t 
 e  t  0, 1  t  0  t  , t  1
x  e  t  1  1  t  e  t  1  e  t   t  1 e  t  
 x 1  e 1  0e  t  0
Q46. Consider the matrix
 0 2i 3i 
 
M    2i 0 6i 
  3i  6i 0 
 
The eigenvalues of M are
(a)  5,  2, 7 (b)  7, 0, 7 (c)  4i, 2i, 2i (d) 2, 3, 6
Ans. : (b)
 0 2i 3i   0 2i 3i 
    
Solution: M   2i 0 6i  , M   2i 0 6i 
 3i 6i 0   3i 6i 0 
   
M  M
Matrix is Hermitian so roots are real and trace = 0.
1  2  3  0, 1  2  3  0    7, 0, 7
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1
Q47. If C is the contour defined by z  , the value of the integral
2
dz
 C sin 2 z
is
(a)  (b) 2 i (c) 0 (d)  i
Ans. : (c)
1  1
Solution: f  z   2 z  
sin z  2
3 5
z z 1 1
sin z  z   ....  2
 2
3 5 sin z  z3 z5 
 z   .... 
 3 5 
2
1 1  z2 z4  dz
  2 
1   ....   0
2
sin z z  3 5  C sin 2 z
Q48. Given 

n 0

Pn  x t n  1  2 xt  t 2 1 / 2
, for t  1 , the value of P5  1 is
(a) 0.26 (b) 1 (c) 0.5 (d) 1

Ans. : (d)
Solution: Pn  1  1 if n is odd  P5  1  1
Q49. The graph of a real periodic function f  x  for the range  ,   is f x 

shown in the figure.
Which of the following graphs represents the real part of its Fourier x
transform?
Re f k  Re f k 
(a) (b)
k k
(c) Re f k  (d) Re f k 
k k
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Ans. : (b)
Solution: This is cosine function
A
f  x   A cos x  F  k     k  k0     k  k0  
2
NET/JRF (DEC-2014)
 
Q50. Let r denote the position vector of any point in three-dimensional space, and r  r .
Then
      
(a)   r  0 and   r  r / r (b)   r  0 and  2 r  0
       
(c)   r  3 and  2 r  r / r 2 (d)   r  3 and   r  0
Ans. : (d)

Solution: r  xxˆ  yyˆ  zzˆ
  x y z
  r      111  3
x y z
xˆ yˆ zˆ
   z y   x z   y x 
  r   / x  / y  / z  xˆ     yˆ     zˆ     0
x y z  y z   z x   x y 
a 0 0 1
   
Q51. The column vector  b  is a simultaneous eigenvector of A   0 1 0  and
a 1 0 0
   
0 1 1
 
B   1 0 1  if
1 1 0
 
(a) b  0 or a  0 (b) b  a or b  2a
(c) b  2a or b  a (d) b  a / 2 or b  a / 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Let b  a
 0 0 1  a   a   0 1 1  a  a
         
 0 1 0  a    a  and  1 0 1  a   2  a 
 1 0 0  a   a   1 1 0  a  a
         
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Let b  2a
0 0 1 a   a   0 1 1   a   a   a 
           
 0 1 0   2a    2a  and  1 0 1   2a    2a   1 2a 
1 0 0 a   a   1 1 0   a   a   a 
           
For other combination above relation is not possible.
sin 2 x 

Q52. The principal value of the integral  x3
dx is
(a)  2 (b)   (c)  (d) 2

Ans. : (a)
ei 2 z
Solution: Let f  z  
z3
ei 2 z
lim  z  0  f  z   lim  z  0  3  1 finite and  0   z  0 is pole of order 3.
3 3
z 0 z 0 z
1 d2  3 e
i2z

Residue R  lim 2   z  0  3 
 2
2! z  0 dz  z 
 
 f  x  dx   iR   i  2   2 i  Im. Part  2   f  x  dx   2
 
Q53. The Laurent series expansion of the function f  z   e z  e1 / z about z  0 is given by
zn  n 1 1
n n! for all z   
 
(a) (b) n 0
z  n  only if 0  z  1
 z  n!
 1 1 zn
n0  z n  z n n n! only if z  1
 
(c)  for all 0  z   (d)
 n!
Ans. : (c)
 z2   zn 1 1 1 
1
Solution: e  1  z   ....   
z
and e  1  
1/ z
2
 ....   n
 2!  n 0 n ! z 2! z n 0 z n !

 11
 f  z    e z  e1/ z     z n
  , for all 0  z  
n 0 z n  n!
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Q54. Two independent random variables m and n , which can take the integer values
0, 1, 2, ...,  , follow the Poisson distribution, with distinct mean values  and 
respectively. Then
(a) the probability distribution of the random variable l  m  n is a binomial distribution.
(b) the probability distribution of the random variable r  m  n is also a Poisson
distribution.
(c) the variance of the random variable l  m  n is equal to   
(d) the mean value of the random variable r  m  n is equal to 0.
Ans. : (c)
Solution:  l2   m2   n2   
1
Q55. Consider the function f z  
ln1  z  of a complex variable
z
z  re i r  0,       . The singularities of f  z  are as follows:
(a) branch points at z  1 and z   ; and a pole at z  0 only for 0    2
(b) branch points at z  1 and z   ; and a pole at z  0 for all  other than 0    2
(c) branch points at z  1 and z   ; and a pole at z  0 for all 
(d) branch points at z  0, z  1 and z   .
Ans. : None of the above is correct
1 1 z 2 z3  z z2
Solution: For f  z   ln 1  z     z    .....   1    .....
z z 2 3  2 3
There is no principal part and when z  0 , f  z   1 . So there is removable singularity
at z  0 . Also z  1 and z   is Branch point.
 1 2 n 1
n

x
Q56. The function f  x      , satisfies the differential equation
n 0 n ! n  1 ! 2 
(a) x
d2 f
2
dx 2
x
df
dx

 x2 1 f  0  (b) x
d2 f
dx
2
2
 2x
df
dx

 x2 1 f  0 
(c) x
d2 f
2
dx 2
x
df
dx

 x2 1 f  0  (d) x
d2 f
dx
2
2
x
df
dx

 x2 1 f  0 
Ans. : (c)
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 1  x 
2 n 1
n

Solution: f  x     is generating function (Bessel Function of first kind)
n  0 n ! n  1 !  2 
d2 f df
 x  x 2  n 2 f  0 , put n  1 .
which satisfies the differential equation x 2
dx 2
dx
 
Q57. Let  and  be complex numbers. Which of the following sets of matrices forms a
group under matrix multiplication?
   1 
(a)   (b)   , where   1
0 0   
  *     2 2
(c)  *
 , where  * is real (d)   , where   
*
1
      
*
Ans. : (d)
  2 2
Solution:      1
 
* *
  
 x , p , Lk  (where i j k is the Levi-Civita symbol, x , p, L are
3
Q58. The expression i jk i j
i , j , k 1
the position, momentum and angular momentum respectively, and A, B represents the
Poisson Bracket of A and B ) simplifies to
  
(a) 0 (b) 6 
(c) x , p  L   
(d) x  p
Ans. : (b)
NET/JRF (JUNE-2015)
 dx
Q59. The value of integral  1  x 4
 
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 2
2 2
Ans. (a)
 dz
Solution:  1 z4
z R

 2 n 1
Now, pole z  e 4
i
1 1 1 1
n  0,  z0  e 4  i , n  2  z2  i
2 2 2 2
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i 3
1 1 1 1
n  1  z1  e 4  i , n  3  z3   i
2 2 2 2
only z0 and z1 lies in contour
i
  1 1 1 
i.e., residue at  z  e 4    i 
  4 2 2
i 3
  1 1 1 
residue at  z  e 4   i 
  4 2 2
 dx 
now  x 1
4
 2 i Re S 
2
d 2x dx
Q60. Consider the differential equation 2
 3  2 x  0 . If x  0 at t  0 and x  1 at t  1 ,
dt dt
the value of x at t  2 is
(a) e 2  1 (b) e 2  e (c) e  2 (d) 2e
Ans. (b)
Solution: D 2  3D  2  0
 D  1 D  2   0  D  1, 2  x  c1e2t  c2et
using boundary condition x  0, t  0  c1  c2
again using boundary condition x  1, t  1
1 1 e2t 1 t
c2  , c1   x   e
ee 2
e e
2
e  e e  e2
2
again using t  2 then x  e 2  e

Q61. The Laplace transform of 6t 3  3sin 4t is
36 12 36 12
(a)  2 (b)  2
s 4
s  16 s 4
s  16
18 12 36 12
(c)  2 (d)  2
s 4
s  16 s 3
s  16
Ans. (a)
n 1
Solution: L 6t 3  3sin 4t   L t n  
s n 1
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a
 L sin at   2
 s  a2 
6  4 3 4 36 12
L 6t 3  3sin 4t    2  4  2
s 4
s  16 s s  16
2 f 2  f
2
Q62. Let f  x, t  be a solution of the wave equation v in 1 -dimension. If at
t 2 x 2
f
t  0, f  x, 0   e  x and  x, 0   0 for all x , then f  x, t  for all future times t  0 is
2
t
described by

 x 2 v 2t 2 
(b) e  x vt 
2
(a) e
1  x vt 2 3  x  vt 2 1   x vt 2  x  vt  
2
(c) e  e (d) e  e
4 4 2  
Ans. (d)
2 f 2  f
2
Solution: For  v
t 2 x 2
f
 x, 0   0 and f  x, 0   e x
2
t
1 1
 
2
 f  x  vt   f  x  vt   . Therefore, solution is f  e  x vt   e  x  vt 
2
f 
2 2
NET/JRF (DEC-2015)
Q63. In the scattering of some elementary particles, the scattering cross-section  is found to
depend on the total energy E and the fundamental constants h (Planck’s constant) and c
(the speed of light in vacuum). Using dimensional analysis, the dependence of  on
these quantities is given by
2
hc hc  hc  hc
(a) (b) 3 / 2 (c)   (d)
E E E E
Ans. : (c)
Solution: The dimension of  is dimension of “Area”
h  Joul  sec
c  m / sec
E  Joul
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2
 hc 
   m dimension of area
2
E
1
Q64. If y  , then x is
tanh  x 
 y 1   y 1  y 1 y 1
(a) ln   (b) ln   (c) ln (d) ln
 y 1   y 1  y 1 y 1
Ans. : (d)
1
Solution: y 
tanh x
e x  e x e2 x  1
y 
e x  e x e2 x  1
ye 2 x  y  e 2 x  1  ye 2 x  e 2 x  1  y  e 2 x  y  1  1  y 
1
 y 1  1  y 1  y  1 2
2 x  ln    x  ln    ln  
 y 1  2  y 1  y 1
z
Q65. The function of a complex variable z has
sin  z 2
(a) a simple pole at 0 and poles of order 2 at  n for n  1, 2,3...
(b) a simple pole at 0 and poles of order 2 at  n and i n for n  1, 2,3...
(c) poles of order 2 at  n , n  0,1, 2,3...

(d) poles of order 2 at  n , n  0,1, 2,3...
Ans. : (b)
z z
Solution: f  z   
sin  z 2
sin  z 2
 z2
 z2
sin  z 2
at z  0 , it is a simple pole since, lim 1
z 0  z2
Also, sin  z 2  sin n   z 2   n , z   n ,  i n
 
2 z
lim z  n . , exists. So its pole of order 2 .
z n sin  z 2
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
Q66. The Fourier transform of f  x  is f  k   dxeikx f  x  . 

If f  x     x      x      x  , where   x  is the Dirac delta-function (and prime
denotes derivative), what is f  k  ?
(a)   i  k  i k 2 (b)    k   k 2
(c)   i  k   k 2 (d) i   k  i k 2
Ans. : (c)

Solution: f  k    dx e   x      x      x  
ikx

   x  e dx  
ikx


 


    x  eikx dx   eikx  x     ike   x  dx   i  k
ikx
  
    x  e dx   k 2
ikx

dx
Q67. The solution of the differential equation  2 1  x 2 , with initial condition x  0 at
dt
t  0 is
   
 sin 2t , 0  t  4 sin 2t , 0  t  2
(a) x   (b) x  
sinh 2t ,   1, 
t t
 4  2
 
sin 2t , 0  t  4
(c) x   (d) x  1  cos 2t , t  0
 1, 
t
 4
Ans. : (c)
dx dx
Solution:  2 1  x2 ,  2dt , sin 1 x  2t  c , x  0, t  0 so, c  0  x  sin 2t
dt 1 x 2
x should not be greater than 1 at x  1
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 
1  sin 2t , sin  sin 2t , t  .
2 4
 
sin 2t , 0t 
So, x 4
1 
, t
 4
Q68. The Hermite polynomial H n  x  , satisfies the differential equation
d 2Hn dH n
2
 2x  2nH n  x   0
dx dx
The corresponding generating function

1
G t, x    H n  x  t n , satisfies the equation
n 0 n !
 2G G G  2G G G
(a)  2x  2t 0 (b)  2x  2t 2 0
x 2
x t x 2
x t
 2G G G  2G G  2G
(c)  2x 2 0 (d)  2 x  2 0
x 2
x t x 2 x xt
Ans. : (a)
1 1 1
Solution: G  H n  x  t n , G   H n  x  t n , G   H n  x  t n
n! n! n!
G 1
 H n  x  n t n 1
t n!
Let’s check the options one by one
G G G
 2x  2t 0
x 2
x t
1 1 1
H n  x  t n  2 x H n  x  t n  2t H n  x  nt n 1
n! n! n!
H n  x   2 xH n  x   2 xH n  x   0 , which is Hermite Differential Equation.

8 1 1
Q69. The value of the integral  0 x 5
2
dx , valuated using Simpson’s rule with h  2 is
3
(a) 0.565 (b) 0.620 (c) 0.698 (d) 0.736
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Ans. : (a)
2 1
 y0  4  y1  y2   2 y3  y4 
x
Solution: I  y
3 x 5
2
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
   4    2   0
3 5 9 4 21 69  5
2 1
2 1 
   0.5734  0.09523  0.0145 9
3 5  4 1
2 21
  0.2  0.5734  0.09523  0.0145 1
3 6
31
2 8 1
  0.8831  0.5887
3 69
Q70. Consider a random walker on a square lattice. At each step the walker moves to a nearest
neighbour site with equal probability for each of the four sites. The walker starts at the
origin and takes 3 steps. The probability that during this walk no site is visited more than
one is
(a) 12 / 27 (b) 27 / 64 (c) 3 / 8 (d) 9 /16
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Total number of ways  4  4  4
Number of preferred outcome  4  3  3
( Any four option in step-1 and only 3 option in step 2 &3 because he can not go to
previous position)
4  3 3 9
probability  
4  4  4 16
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NET/JRF (JUNE-2016)
1
Q71. The radius of convergence of the Taylor series expansion of the function
cosh  x 
around x  0 , is

(a)  (b)  (c) (d) 1
2
Ans. : (c)
1 e4 z  1
Q72. The value of the contour integral  cosh  z   2sinh  z  dz around the unit circle C
2 i 
C
traversed in the anti-clockwise direction, is

8 1
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) (d)  tanh  
3 2
Ans. : (c)
e4 z  1 e4 z  1 e4 z  1
Solution: f  z    z z 
cosh z  2sinh z e  e ez 3
2
 e z  e z   e z
2 2
 
 f z 

2e z e 4 z  1   2 e  e 
5z z
3  e 2z
 3  e  2z
ln 3
For pole at z  z0 ,3  e 2 z0  0  e 2 z0  3  z0 
2
It has simple pole at z0
Re  z0   lim  z  z0  f  z   lim  z  z0 

2 e5 z  e z 
z  z0 z  z0 3e 2z
 z  z0   2  5e5 z  e z   2  e5 z  e z  1  e5 z0  e z0 
 lim   
z  z0 2e 2 z  e
2 z0


 3  3 
5
9 3 3 8
         
 3   3  3
 
1 1 8
f  z  dz   2 i  Residue  
2 i  2 i 3
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Q73. The Gauss hypergeometric function F  a, b, c, z  , defined by the Taylor series expansion
around z  0 as F  a, b, c, z  
 a  a  1 ...  a  n  1 b  b  1 ...  b  n  1

n 0 c  c  1 ...  c  n  1 n !
zn ,
satisfies the recursion relation

d c
(a) F  a, b, c; z   F  a  1, b  1, c  1; z 
dz ab
d c
(b) F  a, b, c; z   F  a  1, b  1, c  1; z 
dz ab
d ab
(c) F  a, b, c; z   F  a  1, b  1, c  1; z 
dz c
d ab
(d) F  a, b, c; z   F  a  1, b  1, c  1; z 
dz c
Ans. : (d)
dF  a  a  1 ...  a  n  1 b  b  1 ...  b  n  1 n 1
Solution:  nz
dz n 0 c  c  1 ...  c  n  1 n !
 a  a  1 ...  a  n  1 b  b  1 ...  b  n  1 z n 1

n 0 c  c  1 ...  c  n  1 n 1
ab  a  1 ...  a  n  1 b  1 ...  b  n  1 z n 1


c
  c  1 ...  c  n  1 n 1
ab   a  1 ...  a   n  1  1  b  1 ... b   n  1  1 z n 1

 
c n 0  c  1 ... c   n  1  1 n 1
dF ab
 F  a  1, b  1, c  1, z 
dz c
Q74. Let X and Y be two independent random variables, each of which follow a normal
distribution with the same standard deviation  , but with means   and   ,
respectively. Then the sum X  Y follows a
(a) distribution with two peaks at   and mean 0 and standard deviation  2
(b) normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 2
(c) distribution with two peaks at   and mean 0 and standard deviation 2
(d) normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation  2
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Ans. : (d)
Solution:     x   y      0
 12   x2   y2   2   2
   2
Q75. Using dimensional analysis, Planck defined a characteristic temperature TP from powers
of the gravitational constant G , Planck’s constant h , Boltzmann constant k B and the
speed of light c in vacuum. The expression for TP is proportional to
hc 5 hc3 G hk B2
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
k B2G kBG hc 4 k B2 Gc 3
Ans. : (a)
E ML2T 2
Solution: E  h  h    ML2T 1
 T 1
E ML2T 2
E  k BT  k B    ML2T 2TP1
T TP
m1m2 MLT 2  L2
F G 2 G  2
 G  M 1 L3T 2
r M
 
5
hc 5 ML2T 1  LT 1 ML7T 6
   TP2  TP
k B2G M 2 L4T 4TP2  M 1 L3T 2 7 6 2
ML T TP
Q76. What is the Fourier transform  dxeikx f  x  of


dn
f  x    x   n
  x
n 1 dx
where   x  is the Dirac delta-function?
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1 i k 1 i k k i k i
Ans. : (b)
  
dn dn
Solution: f  x     x    n   x    n   x      n   x 
n 1 dx n  0 dx n 0
 F   x    1  F   n   x     ik  F   x     ik 

n n
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
 f  x      n  x 
n 0

1 1
 F  f  x      ik   1  ik   ik    ik   .... 
n 2 3

n 0 1   ik  1  ik
Q77. In finding the roots of the polynomial f  x   3 x 3  4 x  5 using the iterative Newton-
Raphson method, the initial guess is taken to be x  2 . In the next iteration its value is
nearest to
(a) 1.671 (b) 1.656 (c) 1.559 (d) 1.551
Ans. : (b)
Solution: f  x   3 x 3  4 x  5 ; f   x   9 x 2  4
3xn3  4 xn  5 3 x03  4 x0  5
xn 1  xn   x1  x 0 
9 xn2  4 9 x02  4
3 8  4  2  5 11
Let x0  2  x1  2   2  x1  1.656
9 4  4 32
NET/JRF (DEC-2016)
1 3 2
 
Q78. The matrix M   3 1 0  satisfies the equation
0 0 1
 
(a) M 3  M 2  10M  12 I  0 (b) M 3  M 2  12 M  10 I  0
(c) M 3  M 2  10M  10 I  0 (d) M 3  M 2  10 M  10 I  0
Ans. : (c)
Solution: The characteristic equation is
1    3 2
3  1    0 0
0 0 1   
 1    1   1      3  3 1     0
    2  1    1  9 1     0   3  10   2  10  0
Thus the matrix M satisfies the equation

M 3  M 2  10 M  10 I  0 then the correct option is (c)
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Q79. The Laplace transform of
t
 , 0t T
f t   T
 1 t T
is
 1  e  sT  1  e   sT
1  e   sT
1  e  sT
(a) (b) (c) (d)

s 2T s 2T s 2T s 2T
Ans. : (b)
Solution: we can write
t t t t
f  t   u0  t   uT  t    uT  t   1  uT  t    uT  t    uT  t   uT  t 
T T T T
Hence the transform of f  t  is
t     t  T   T  
L  f  t   L    L uT  t      L uT  t 
T    T  
1 e  sT  1 T  e
 sT
1  e  sT
     
s 2T T  s2 s  s s 2T
 1
Q80. The Fourier transform  dxf  x eikx of the function f  x   is
 x 2
2
 2k    2k
(a) 2 e (b) 2 e  2k
(c) e 2k
(d) e
2 2
Ans. : (d)
1 1  a k
Solution: Fourier transform of f  x   , a  0 is x eikx dx  e
x  a2
2 2
a 2
a
1  
x
2k
Hence eikx dx  e
2
a 2
2
Q81. Given the values sin 450  0.7071, sin 500  0.7660, sin 550  0.8192 and sin 600  0.8660 ,
the approximate value of sin 520 , computed by Newton’s forward difference method, is
(a) 0.804 (b) 0.776 (c) 0.788 (d) 0.798
Ans. : (c)
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Solution: Given -
x y  f  x f  x  2 f  x  3 f  x 
450 0  7071
500 0  7660 0  0589 0  0057 0  0007
550 0  8192 0  0532 0  0064
600 0  8660 0  0468
h  5 , 520  x0  uh  450  uh
52  45 52  45 7
u  
h 5 5
From table we have
y0  0  7071, y0  0  0589 ,  2 y0  0  0057
 3 y0  0  0007 ,  4 y0  0,.....
y0  2 y0  3 y0
 sin  520   y0  u u  u  1  u  u  1 u  2   
1 2 3
7  0  0057  7  7   0  0007  7  7   7 
 0  7071   0  0589     1      1   2   0
5 2 55   6  5  5  5 
0  0399 0  0049
 0  7071  0  0825  
25 125
 0  7071  0  0825  0  0016  0  0000  0  7880
f 2 f
Q82. Let f  x, t  be a solution of the heat equation  D 2 in one dimension. The initial
t x
condition at t  0 is f  x, 0   e  x for   x   . Then for all t  0, f  x, t  is given by
2
 

2
[Useful integral: dx e  x  ]
 
2 2
1 
x
1 
x
(a) e 1 Dt (b) e 1 2 Dt
1  Dt 1  2 Dt
2
x2
1 
x

(c) e 1 4 Dt (d) e 1 Dt
1  4 Dt
Ans. : (c)
f 2 f
Solution: D 2 , t 0
t x
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f  f
2
Let D  c 2 ,  c2 2
t x
Initial condition f  x , 0   e  x  g  x  ,    x  
2
   
2
 x  2 cz t
Now, g x  2cz t  e
The solution f  x , t  is given as

 
1   1  e  z dz
2
 x 2  4 c 2 z 2t  4 cxz t
f  x,t 
 x  2 cz t
e e
 z2 2
e dz 
   
  x 2 
 
2
e x   4 c 2 z 2t  4 cxz t  z 2  dz  e  
 1 4 c 2t z 2  4 cxz t

 e
  e

dz
e x 2   2  2cx t   2cx t  

2 2
 exp   1  4c t   z  2  z  1  4c 2t    1  4c 2t    1  4c 2t   dz
cx t
 2 2
       

 2 cx t 
2
4 c 2 x 2t  2 cx t 
2
e x
2   
 1 4 c 2t  z  2 1 4c t  dz  e 2  x2 4 c 2 x 2t 
 
 1 4 c 2t  z  2

 e

 1 4 tc 
e

e 1 4 c 2t
e

 1 4 tc 
dz
 x2
e 1 4 c 2t
1 
  2 
 2 1  4c 2t
2
x
1
f  x, t  
1  4 Dt
e1 4 Dt c 2
 D
3
Q83. A stable asymptotic solution of the equation xn 1  1  is x  2 . If we take
1  xn
n 1
xn  2 n and xn 1  2 n 1 , where n and n1 are both small, the ratio is
n
approximately
1 1 1 2
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
2 4 3 3
Ans. : (c)
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Q84. The 2  2 identity matrix I and the Pauli matrices  x ,  y ,  z do not form a group under matrix multiplication. The minimum number of 2  2
matrices, which includes these four matrices, and form a group (under matrix multiplication) is
(a) 20 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16
Ans. (d)
 I I i I i  I x  x i x i x y  y i y i y z  z i z i z
I I I i I i  I x  x i x i x y  y i y i y z  z i z i z
I I I i  I i I  x x i x i x  y y i y i y  z z i z i z
i I i I i  I I I i x i x  x x i y i y  y y i z i z  z z

i  I i  I i I I I i x i x x  x i y i y y  y i z i z z  z
x x  x i x i x I I i I i  I i z i z  z z i y i y y  y
 x  x x i x i x I I i  I i I i z i z z  z i y i y  y y
i x i x i x  x x i I i  I I I  z z i z i z y  y i y i y
i x i x i x x  x i  I i I I I z  z i z i z  y y i y i y
y y  y i y i y i z i z z  z I I i I i  I i x i x  x x
 y  y y i y i y i z i z  z z I I i  I i I i x i x x  x
i y i y i y  y y z  z i z i z i I i  I I I  x x i x i x
i y i y i y y  y  z z i z i z i  I i I I I x  x i x i x
z z  z i z i z i y i y  y y i x i x x  x I I i I i  I
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 z  z z i z i z i y i y y  y i x i x  x x I I i  I i I
i z i z i z  z z  y y i y i y x x i x i x i I i  I I I
i z i z i z z  z y  y i y i y x x i x i x i  I i I I I
H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016
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NET/JRF (JUNE-2017)
Q85. Which of the following can not be the eigen values of a real 3  3 matrix
(a) 2i, 0,  2i (b) 1,1,1 (c) ei , e  i ,1 (d) i, 1, 0
Ans. : (d)
Solution: If the matrix is real then the complex eigen values always occurs with its complex
conjugate. In option (d) if i is an eigen value then i must also be an eigen value. But
i is not given in option, hence option (d) is incorrect.
Q86. Let u  x, y   e ax cos  by  be the real part of a function f  z   u  x, y   iv  x, y  of the
complex variable z  x  iy , where a, b are real constants and a  0 . The function f  z 
is complex analytic everywhere in the complex plane if and only if

(a) b  0 (b) b   a (c) b  2 a (d) b  a  2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: The function f  z  will be analytic everywhere in the complex plane if and only if it
satisfies the Cauchy Riemann equation in that region.

u v u v
  and 
x y y x
v
Hence ae ax cos  by   (i)
y
v
and be ax sin  by   (ii)
x
From equation (i)
ae ax sin  by 
v  x, y    c y (iii)
b
Differentiating partially with x gives
v a e sin  by 
2 ax
 (iv)
x b
From equation (iii) and (iv)
a 2 e ax sin  by 
be sin  by  
ax
b
 b2  a 2  b   a
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i z / 2
ze
Q87. The integral  2 dz along the closed contour  shown in the figure is
 z 1
y
1 1 x
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 4 i

Ans. : (c)
zeiz / 2
Solution: f  z  
 z  1 z  1
For z  1 anti-clockwise
zei z / 2 2 i i / 2
I  2 i lim  e   iei / 2
z 1  z  1 2
For z  1
I  2 i lim
zei z / 2
 2 i 
 1 e  i / 2
  ie  i / 2
z 1  z  1  2 
Integral   i
e i / 2
 e  i / 2 
 2i  2 i 2 sin

 2
2i 2
dy cos  x
Q88. The function y  x  satisfies the differential equation x  2y  . If y 1  1 , the
dx x
value of y  2  is
(a)  (b) 1 (c) 1/ 2 (d) 1/ 4

Ans. : (d)
Solution: The given differential equation can be written as
dy 2 cos  x
 y
dx x x2
2
This is a linear differential equation with Integrating factor  e  x  x 2
dx
cos  x sin  x c
Hence y.x 2   x 2 . dx  c  y   2
x 2
 x2 x
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sin  x 1
when x  1, y  1 hence c  1  y   2
 x2 x
1
hence, when x  2, y 
4
Q89. The random variable x    x    is distributed according to the normal distribution
x2
1 
P  x  e 2 2
. The probability density of the random variable y  x 2 is
2 2
1 2 1 2
(a) e  y / 2 , 0  y   (b) e  y / 2 , 0  y  
2 y 2
2 2 y 2
1 2 1 2
(c) e  y / 2 , 0  y   (d) e y /  , 0  y  
2 2
2 y 2
Ans. : (a)
x2
1 
Solution: p  x   e 2 2
,   x  
2 2
  x2
1 
 p  x  dx  1  
  2 2
e 2 2
dx  1
 x2  x2
1  2 1 
2 e 2 2
dx  1  e 2 2
dx  1
0 2 2 2 2 0
1
put x 2  y dy  2 xdx , dx 
2 y
 y  y
1 1 1 1 2 2
2
2 2
e
0
2 2
2 y
dy 
2 2

0 y
e dy 
y
1 
f  y  e 2 2
, 0  y  
2 y 2
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Q90. The Green’s function satisfying
d2
g  x, x0     x  x0 
dx 2
with the boundary conditions g   L, x0   0  g  L, x0  , is
 1  1
 2 L  x0  L  x  L  ,  L  x  x0  2 L  x0  L  x  L  ,  L  x  x0
(a)  (b) 
 1  x  L  x  L  , x0  x  L  1  x  L  x  L  , x0  x  L
 2 L 0  2 L 0
 1
 2 L  L  x0  x  L  ,  L  x  x0
1
(c)  (d)  x  L  x  L  , L  x  L
 1  x  L  L  x  , x0  x  L
2L
 2 L 0
Ans. : (a)
d2
Solution: 2 g  x, x0     x  x0 
dx
boundary conditions:
g   L, x0   0  g  L, x0 
The homogeneous equation for Green’s function is

d2
g  x, x0   0
dx 2
Solution of above equation is
 Ax  B, x  x0
g  x, x0   
Cx  D, x  x0
Applying boundary condition

g   L, x0   0   AL  B  0  AL  B
g  L, x0   0  CL  D  0  CL  D
 A  x  L  , x  x0
Hence, g  x, x0   
C  x  L  , x  x0
From continuity of Green’s function at x  x0 we have
A  x0  L   C  x0  L 
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 x L
AC 0 
 x0  L 
g
From discontinuity of derivative of Green’s function at x  x0
x
We have
g g
 1
x x  x0 x x  x0
g g
 C, A
x x  x0 x x  x0
 C  A  1  C  A 1
Thus, the required solution of Green’s function is given by
  x0  L  x  L 
 , x  x0
g  x, x0    2 L
  x0  L  x  L  , x  x0
 2L
 i z 
Q91. Let  x , y , z be the Pauli matrices and x x  y y  z  z  exp  
 2 
 i z 
 x x  y y  z z  exp   2 .
 
Then the coordinates are related as follows
 x   cos   sin  0  x   x   cos  sin  0  x 
         
(a)  y    sin  cos  0  y  (b)  y     sin  cos  0  y 
 z   0 0 1   z   z   0 0 1   z 
     
       
 cos 2 sin 0  cos 2  sin 0
 x   2  x   2
 x  x
           
(c)  y     sin cos 0  y  (d)  y    sin cos 0  y 
 2 2   2 2 
 z    z   z    z 
  0 0 1     0 0 1  
   
   
Ans. : (b)
0 1  0 i  1 0 
Solution:  x    , y    and  z   
1 0 i 0   0 1 
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 z x  iy 
Hence, x x  y y  z z   
 x  iy z 
 z' x1  iy ' 
x ' x  y ' y  z ' z   
 x ' iy ' z ' 
i / 2  i / 2
 i z  e 0   i z  e 0 
exp  
   i / 2 
and exp  
  
 z   0 e   2   0 ei / 2 
 z x  iy   ei / 2 0  z x  iy   e i / 2 0 

Hence,     
 x  iy  z   0 e i / 2   x  iy z   0 ei / 2 
 z x  iy   z ei  x  iy  
 
  
 x  iy  z    e  i  x  iy  z 
Hence, z   z and x  iy  ei  x  iy 
Thus x  iy   cos   x   sin   y   i  cos   y   sin   x 
Thus x   cos   x   sin   y
And y '    sin   x   cos   y
 x   cos  sin  0  x 
    
Thus,  y     sin  cos  0  y 
 z   0 0 1   z 
  
Q92. Which of the following sets of 3  3 matrices (in which a and b are real numbers) forms
a group under matrix multiplication?
 1 0 a    1 a 0  
     
(a)  0 1 0  ; a, b    (b)  0 1 b  ; a, b   
 b 0 1     
    0 0 1  
 1 0 a    1 a 0  
     
(c)  0 1 b  ; a, b    (d)  b 1 0  ; a, b   
 0 0 1     
    0 0 1  
Ans. : (c)
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Solution: In order to form the group the required matrix must satisfy the following conditions.
(a) For any three matrices A, B, C  G A  BC    AB  C
(b) There must exist an identity element I such that AI  IA  A

(c) There must exist an inverse element for each element belonging to G.
(d) For any two matrices A, B  G , the matrix A B  G (closer property).
All the given matrices satisfy property (a), if we put a  0 and b  0, we see that
property (b) also holds for all the given matrices.
If we put a  1 and b  1, in option (a) , two rows becomes identical and matrix in option
(a) is non-invertible. If we put a  1 and b  1, in option (d), two rows becomes identical
and the matrix is non-invertible.
Now only option (b) and (c) remains. For option (b) take two matrices and multiply
 1 a1 0   1 a2 0   1 a1  a2 a1b2 
    
 0 1 b1   0 1 b2    0 1 b1  b2 
0 0 1 0 0 
1  0  0 1 
 
we see that the resulting matrix does not satisfy closure property. For option (3) take two
matrices and multiply
 1 0 a1   1 0 a2   1 0 a2  a1 
    
 0 1 b1   0 1 b2    0 1 b2  b1 
0 0 1 0 0 1  0 0 1 
   
we see that the resulting matrix satisfy the closure property. Hence the correct option is (c)
Q93. A random variable n obeys Poisson statistics. The probability of finding n  0 is 106 .
The expectation value of n is nearest to
(a) 14 (b) 106 (c) e (d) 102
Ans. : (a)
n
Solution: In Poisson’s statistics the probability of finding the value n is given by P  n   e 
n!
The mean of Poisson’s statistics is  . From the question
0
P  0   10  10 
6 6
e    e    106
0!
Talking Log of both sides,    6 ln10    6 ln10
Hence the expectation value of n is   6  2.30  13.8  14
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NET/JRF (DEC - 2017)
Q94. Let A be a non-singular 3  3 matrix, the columns of which are denoted by the vectors
     
a , b and c , respectively. Similarly, u , v and w denote the vectors that form the
 
1
corresponding columns of AT . Which of the following is true?
           
(a) u  a  0, u  b  0, u  c  1 (b) u  a  0, u  b  1, u  c  0
           
(c) u  a  1, u  b  0, u  c  0 (d) u  a  0, u  b  0, u  c  0
Ans. : (c)
Solution: We can take any 3  3 non singular matrix in order to avoid long calculation.
1 0 0 1 0 0 
0 2 0   0 1/ 2 0 
  
 
1
Take A   0 0 3   AT   0 0 1/ 3
   
 

    
 a 
c   u v 
w 
 b
We see that

u .a  1.1  0.0  0.0  1

u .b  1.0  0.2  0.0  0

u .c  1.0  0.0  0.3  0
Q95.  
Consider the real function f  x   1/ x 2  4 . The Taylor expansion of f  x  about x  0
converges
(a) for all values of x (b) for all values of x except x  2
(c) in the region 2  x  2 (d) for x  2 and x  2
Ans. : (c)
1 1
Solution: f  x   
x 4
2
 x2 
4 1  
 4 
1
1  x2 
Thus the Taylor’s series of f  x  is times the binomial series of 1  
4  4
x2
 1  x  4   x  2  x  2   0
2
Now, the binomial series converges if
4
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Since x  2 is always greater than 0 ,
Hence x  2  0   2  x  2
Q96. Consider the matrix equation

1 1 1  x  0
    
1 2 3  y   0
 2 b 2c   z   0 
    
The condition for existence of a non-trivial solution and the corresponding normalised
solution (upto a sign) is
1
(a) b  2c and  x, y, z   1, 2, 1
6
1
(b) c  2b and  x, y, z   1, 1, 2 
6
1
(c) c  b  1 and  x, y, z    2, 1, 1
6
1
(d) b  c  1 and  x, y, z   1, 2, 1
6
Ans. : (d)
Solution: We know that the matrix equation, AX  0 , where A is the given matrix and X is a
column vector has a non-zero solution if and only if A  0
1 1 1
1 2 3  0  4c  3b  2c  6  b  4  0
2 b 2c
 2c  2b  2  0  b  c  1
we do not need to perform further calculation.
dy
Q97. Consider the differential equation  ay  e  bt with the initial condition y  0   0 .
dt
Then the Laplace transform Y  s  of the solution y  t  is
1 1 1 e a  eb
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 s  a  s  b  b s  a a  s  b ba
Ans. : (a)
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dy
Solution: Given  ay  e  bt
dt
Taking Laplace transform of both sides
We obtain
 dy  1
 dt 
 
L    aL  y  t   L e  bt  sY  s   y  0   aY  s  
sb
Since, y  0   0 , we obtain
1 1
 s  a Y  s    Y s 
sb  s  a  s  b 
Q98. The number of linearly independent power series solutions, around x  0 , of the second
d 2 y dy
order linear differential equation x 2   xy  0 , is
dx dx
(a) 0 (this equation does not have a power series solution)
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Ans. : (b)
Q99. Consider an element U   of the group SU  2  , where  is any one of the parameters
of the group. Under an infinitesimal change      , it changes as
U    U     U    1  X    U  gj  . To order  , the matrix X   should
always be
(a) positive definite (b) real symmetric (c) hermitian (d) anti-hermitian
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Since, U    e im
U   d   e  im .e  im d 
 U     U    1  X  d   U  
 1  X  d   e  im d  or, 1  X  d   1  im  d   ...
or, Xd    im  d 
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here, m is one of the Pauli spin matrices, since Pauli matrices are hermitian,
taken complex conjugate, so matrix should anti-hermitian.
Hence correct option is (d)
dy  x 
Q100. The differential equation   x 2 , with the initial condition y  0   0 , is solved
dx
using Euler’s method. If yE  x  is the exact solution and y N  x  the numerical solution
obtained using n steps of equal length, then the relative error

 y  x   y  x 
N E
is
yE  x 
proportional to
1 1 1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
n n3 n4 n
Ans. : (d)
dy
Solution:   x2 , y  0  0
dx
 x3
yE  , but x  n 
3
 n3 h3
Exact solution, yE 
3
Numerically, f  x, y    x 2
Euler’s method, yi  yi 1  hf  xi 1 , yi 1 
y1  0 , y2   h3 y3  5 h3
yn 
 n  1 n  2n  1  h3
6
Since, 0,5,14,30,...different from square terms
At, x0  0 x1  x0  h  h x2  x0  2h  2h x3  x0  3h  3h
xn 1  x0   n  1 h   n  1 h . Now, xn  nh
f  x0 , y0   0 , f  x1 , y1    h 2 , f  x2 , y2   4 h 2
f  xn 1 , yn 1     n  1 h 2
2
 n  1 n  2n  1  h3   n3h3
 y N  yE   6 3
yE  n3 h3
3
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y  yE 1
By solving, N 
yE n
Q101. The interval  0,1 is divided into n parts of equal length to calculate the integral
1
e
i 2 x
dx using the trapezoidal rule. The minimum value of n for which the result is
0
exact, is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 
Ans. : (a)
1
Solution:  ei 2 nx dx  0 , exact value
0
1
Now, nh  1  0, h 
n
1
y  f  x   ei 2 n x , Let n  2 , then x0  0, y0  1 , x1  , y1  1 and x2  1, y2  1
2
h 1
I  y0  2  y1  ....  yn 1   yn   1  2  1  1
2 4
I  0. So, n  2
Q102. The generating function G  t , x  for the Legendre polynomials Pn  t  is

1
G t, x     x n Pn  t , for x  1
1  2 xt  x 2 n 0
x
If the function f  x  is defined by the integral equation  f  x dx  xG 1, x  , it can be
0
expressed as
 
1
(a) 
n ,m 0
x nm
Pn 1 Pm  
2
(b) 
n ,m 0
x n  m Pn 1 Pm 1
 
(c) 
n ,m 0
x n  m Pn 1 Pm 1 (d) 
n ,m 0
x n  m Pn  0  Pm 1
Ans. : (b)

1
Solution: G  t , x     x n Pn  t  for x  1
1  2 xt  x 2 n0
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
1
G 1, x     x n Pn 1
1 2x  x 2
n0

1 1
   x n Pn 1  Since x  1
1  x 
2
n 0 1 x
x
1
 f  x   dx 
1  x 0
Now, x 
Differentiating both sides,

d x 1
f  x  
dx 1  x 1  x 2
NET/JRF (JUNE-2018)
Q103. Consider the following ordinary differential equation
2
d 2 x 1  dx  dx
    0
dt 2 x  dt  dt
with the boundary conditions x  t  0   0 and x  t  1  1 . The value of x  t  at t  2 is
(a) e 1 (b) e2  1 (c) e 1 (d) e2  1

Ans. : (c)
Solution: The given equation can be written as
1 d  dx  dx d  dx  dx
x   0  x  x 0
x dt  dt  dt dt  dt  dt
dx
putting y  x gives
dt
dy
 y  0  lny  t  lnc1  y  c1 et
dt
dx
Since x  c1 et hence by integrating
dt
x2
 c1 et  c2 (i)
2
Using boundary conditions we obtain
1
c1  c2  0 and c1 e  c2 
2
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1 1
Solving these equations we obtain c1  and c2  
2  e  1 2  e  1
x2 1 1
Thus,  et 
2 2  e  1 2  e  1
When t  2, we obtain, x 2 
e2

1

 e2  1  e  1
 e  1  e  1  e  1
Therefore, x  2   e  1
Q104. What is the value of a for which f  x, y   2 x  3  x 2  y 2   2i  3 xy  ay  is an analytic
function of complex variable z  x  iy

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 2
Ans. : (a)
Solution: f  x, y   2 x  3  x 2  y 2   2i  3 xy   y 
u  2 x  3  x 2  y 2  , v  2  3 xy   y 
C-R conditions: u x  v y , u y  vx ,
2  3  2 x   2  3 x       1   6 y  6 y
  
Q105. Consider the three vectors v1  2iˆ  3kˆ, v2  iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ and v3  5iˆ  ˆj  akˆ where iˆ, ˆj
and k̂ are the standard unit vectors in a three-dimensional Euclidean space. These vectors
will be linearly dependent if the value of a is
31 23 27
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
4 4 4
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Given vector will be linearly dependent if the determinant of the matrix formed by
taking these vectors as column is zero.
2 1 5
0 2 1  0  2  2 a  2     3   5  6   0
3 2 a
31
 4a  4  3  30  0  4a  31  0  a 
4
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
 dxf  x  eikx of the function f  x   e
x
Q106. The Fourier transform

2 1 2 2
(a)  (b)  (c) (d)
1 k 2 2 1  k 2  1 k 2 2  k 2 
Ans. : (c)
 
  dx e
x x
Solution: dxe eikx  cos kxdx odd function sin kx vanishes
 

e x
2 
 cos kx  k sin kx 0

 2 e  x cos kx dx  2
0
1 k
e ax
 e ax cos bxdx   a cos bx  b sin bx 
a 2  b2

e0 2
 2 e cos kxdx  2
x

0
1 k 2
1 k 2
Q107. The value of the integral

 /2 1
 dx  dy.  sin 2 x    x  y  is
 /2 1
1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 1
2 2
Ans. : (b)
 /2 1  /2 1
Solution: I   dx  dy  sin 2 x    x  y    dx   sin 2 x     y  x  dy
 / 2 1  / 2 1
If we assume that x lies between 1 and 1 then the second integral is 1 and the given
integral becomes
 /2
I
 /2
   sin 2 x dx
 n 

 x 
 2 
now   sin 2 x   
n  n
2 cos 2
2
 /2
1 1 1
Therefore, I     x  dx  .1 
2  / 2 2 2
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Q108. Which of the following statements is true for a 3  3 real orthogonal matrix with
determinant 1 ?
(a) the modulus of each of its eigenvalues need not be 1 , but their product must be 1
(b) at least one of its eigenvalues is 1
(c) all of its eigenvalues must be real
(d) none of its eigenvalues must be real
Ans. : (b)
Solution: The characteristic equation of any 3  3 matrix is of thee form  3  a 2  b  c  0
which implies that at least one of the eigenvalues must be real. It is a proven fact that
modulus of each eigenvalues of an orthogonal matrix is 1.
If all eigenvalues of 3  3 orthogonal matrix are real then only possibilities for
eigenvalues are
1  1, 2  1 and 3  1 or 1  1, 2  1, 3  1 or 1  1, 2  1, 3  1
Thus we see that at least one eigenvalue is 1 . Suppose one eigenvalues is real and other
two eigenvalues are complex conjugates. Now
12 3  1
 1  a  ib  a  ib   1  1  a 2  b 2   1
Since a 2  b 2 is always positive hence 1  1 .

In this case also we see that at least one eigenvalue must be 1
Q109. In the function Pn  x  e  x of a real variable x , Pn  x  is polynomial of degree n . The

2
maximum number of extrema that this function can have is

(a) n  2 (b) n  1 (c) n  1 (d) n
Ans. : (c)
Solution: y  Pn  x  e  x  Pn  x  e  x  Pn  x  e x  2 x   0  Pn  x   2 xPn  x   0

2 2 2
P0  x   1, P1  x   2  P0  x   2 xP0  x   0  0  2 x.1  0
x  0, 1 extrema
P1 x   2 xP1  x   0
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1
1  2 x.x  0  x   i.e., 2 extrema.
2
Thus in general there are  n  1 extrema.
d 2 y  x
Q110. The Green’s function G  x, x  for the equation  y  x   f  x  , with the
dx 2
 
boundary values y  0   y    0 , is
2
   
 x  x  2  , 0  x  x 
2
  
(a) G  x, x    
 x    x , 0  x  x 


 
2 2
 
  cos x  sin x, 0  x  x   2
(b) G  x, x    
  sin x  cos x, 0  x   x  
 2
 
cos x  sin x, 0  x  x 
2
(c) G  x, x    
sin x  cos x, 
0  x  x 
 2
   
 x  2  x  , 0  x  x 
2
  
(d) G  x, x    
 x    x  , 0  x  x 

  2 
 2
Ans. : (b)
d2y
Solution: 2
 y  0  m2  1  0  m  0  i
dx
y1  x   sin x  at  , y1  x   cos x
  
y2  x   cos x  at  , y2  x    sin x
 2
 
A  P  x   y2  x  y1  x1   y1  x   y2  x 
 A   sin x sin x  cos cos x  P  x   1  A  1
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 
 sin cos , 0  x  x 
 Ay  x  y2  x  , x  x  x x
Thus G  x, x    1  2
 Ay2  x  y1  x  , x  x  cos x sin x, 0  x  x  
 2
1 1
Q111. The fractional error in estimating the integral 0
xdx using Simpson’s
3
rule, using a step
size 0.1 , is nearest to

(a) 104 (b) 0 (c) 102 (d) 3 104
Ans. : (b)
h
Solution: I   y0  2  y2  y4  ....  4  y1  y3  y6  ...  yn 
3
0.1
 0  2  0.2  0.4  0.6  0.8   4  0.1  0.3  0.5  0.7  0.9  1 
3 
1 15
  4  10  1   0.5
30 30
I 0.5  0.5
fractional error   0
I true 0.5
y0 0
y1 0.1
y2 0.2
y3 0.3
y4 0.4
y5 0.5
y6 0.6
y7 0.7
y8 0.8
y9 0.9
y10 1.0
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NET/JRF (DEC-2018)
a 0 0
Q112. One of the eigenvalues of the matrix e is e , where A   0 0 a  . The product of the
A a
0 a 0
 
other two eigenvalues of e A is
(a) e 2 a (b) e  a (c) e 2 a (d) 1
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Eigenvalues of matrix A are a, a and  a . The product of two other eigenvalues of A
are ea a  a  1
Alternativety
eTraceA  e1  2  3  det e A
 e1 .e2  3  det e A  e a .e2 .e3  e a
 e2 .e3  1
Q113. The polynomial f  x   1  5 x  3 x 2 is written as linear combination of the Legendre
polynomials
 1 
 2
2
 

 P0  x   1, P1  x  , P2  x   3 x  1  as f  x    n cn Pn  x  . The value of c0 is
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 4
4 2
Ans. : (c)
Solution: f  x   1  5 x  3 x 2
1  P0  x  x  P1  x 
1
x2 
3
 2P2  x   1
f  x   P0  x   5 P1  x   2 P2  x   P0  x 
 2 P0  x   5 P1  x   2 P2  x 
 c0 P0  x   c1 P1  x   c2 P2  x  c0  2
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dz tanh 2 z 
Q114. The value of the integral  , where C is a circle of radius , traversed
C z sin  z 2
counter-clockwise, with centre at z  0 , is
(a) 4 (b) 4i (c) 2i (d) 0
Ans. : (b)
dz tanh 2 z
Solution: C z sin  z
dz i / 2
 i  i i / 4
z  0,1, 1, ,
4 4
 /2 1 0 1  /2
1 2
2 z   2 z    2 z  ....
3 5
 i / 4
f z  3 15
  z
3 3

z  z   ....   i / 2
 3! 
  z 
2 2
2  1 2
 1  z  ...  1   ... 
z 2  2! 
2
b1 

tanh 2 tanh 2
As Re z  1 , and Re z  1 ,
 
i 1 2 
Re z     2cosec h 
4  4 
i 1 2 
Re z     2cosec h 
4  4 
I  2 iR  4i only when 0 lies inside, otherwise wrong question.

Q115. The integral I   e z dz is evaluated from the point  1, 0  to Im z
C
1, 0  along the contour C , which is an arc of the parabola  1, 0  1, 0 
Re z
y  x 2  1 , as shown in the figure. C
The value of I is
(a) 0 (b) 2sinh1 (c) e2i sinh1 (d) e  e1
Ans. : (b)
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Solution:  f  z  dz  2 iR
C
1
 f  z  dz   e dx  0
x
C
1
1 1
 e  e   2  2sinh1
1 1
 f  z  dz    e dx   e dx 
x x
C
1 1
2
Q116. In terms of arbitrary constants A and B , the general solution to the differential equation
d2y dy
x2 2
 5 x  3 y  0 is
dx dx
A B
(a) y   Bx 3 (b) y  Ax 
x x3
A B
(c) y  Ax  Bx 3 (d) y  
x x3
Ans. : (d)
Solution: The given equation is Euler-Cauchy differential equation. The characteristic equation
of
d2y dy
x2 2
 5x  6 y  0
dx dx
is, m 2  4m  6  0  m  3 or m  1
1 1
Thus, y1  x 1  and y2  x 2  3
x x
Therefore the general solution is
A B
y 
x x3
d 2 y  x
Q117. The Green’s function G  x, x  for the equation  f  x  , with the boundary values
dx 2
y  0   0 and y 1  0 , is
1
 x 1  x  , 0  x  x  1  x  x  1 , 0  x  x  1
(a) G  x, x    2 (b) G  x, x   
1
 x 1  x  0  x  x  1  x 1  x  0  x  x  1
2
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 1
  x 1  x  , 0  x  x  1  x  x  1 , 0  x  x  1
(c) G  x, x    2 (d) G  x, x   
1
 x 1  x  0  x  x  1  x  x  1 0  x  x  1
 2
Ans. : (d)
d2y
Solution:  f  x
dx 2
p  x   1
x1  1, y2  x
x 1 x
y1  x, y2  1  x w  1
1 1
A  1
 A y1 y2  x
G  x, x    
 x  1 0  x  x  1
 A y1 y2  x  x  1 0  x  x  1
Q118. A 4  4 complex matrix A satisfies the relation A† A  4 I , where I is the 4  4 identity

matrix. The number of independent real parameters of A is
(a) 32 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 16
Ans. : (d)
1 †
Solution: Given that A† A  4 I 
4
A A I 
Let A  2 B then
A†  2 B †
Therefore, B † B  I
This shows that B is a unitary matrix. The number of independent real parameters
needed to specify an n  n unitary matrix is n 2 . Thus, the number of independent
parameter needed to specify matrix B is 42  16 .
Now, the number of independent parameters needed to specify matrix A is same as that
of matrix B .
Thus the number of independent parameters needed to specify A is 16
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
63
fiziks

Q119. The contour C of the following integral
 z  1 z  3
 dz
z 
3
C
2
 25
in the complex z plane is shown in the figure below.
C
1 3
This integral is equivalent to an integral along the contours
(a) (b)
5 1 3 5 5 1 3 5
(c) (d)
5 1 3 5 5 1 3 5
Ans. : (c)
Solution: z  1,3 are branch points  is not a branch point 1 branch cut 3
1
Q120. The value of the integral 0
x 2 dx , evaluated using the trapezoidal rule with a step size of
0.2 , is
(a) 0.30 (b) 0.39 (c) 0.34 (d) 0.27
Ans. : (c)
0.2
Solution: I  0  2  0.04  0.16  0.36  0.64   1 x f  x
2 
x0 0 0
 0.1 2.4  1  0.34 x1 0.2 0.04
x2 0.4 0.16
x3 0.6 0.36
x4 0.8 0.64
x5 1.0 1.00
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fiziks

(c) e M  I  33 M (d) e M  e  1M

1 1 1  x3  0

 xyx   yziˆ  zxˆj  kˆxy  8iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ

We want a plane perpendicular to this so: r  r0    8iˆ64 4 16ˆj 2k4ˆ  0 .

W  e   e 2t  W 1  e 2 since P  2 .

(a) iˆ  ˆj (b) ˆj  kˆ (c) iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (d) 2iˆ  3 ˆj  5kˆ

1   4   9     36  229     18  312  34     0

(a) y  xy (b) xy (c) y (d) y 2  x 2

Using Dirac delta property:  f x  x  x   f x  (it lies with the limit).

where n1 , n 2 and n3 are the components of a unit vector, are

but n12  n22  n32  1

A   AT (Antisymmetric). Eigenvalues are either zero or purely imaginary.

Fourier spectrum peaks at a frequency f and an amplitude A , them

(a) f  2 f 0 and A  1V (b) f  2 f 0 and 0  A  1 V

biˆ  cˆj  akˆ iˆ  ˆj  kˆ

Q25. Given a 2  2 unitary matrix U satisfying U †U  UU †  1 with det U  e i , one can

(a) multiplying U by e i / 2

The probability of getting exactly k successes in n trials is given by probability mass

At x  0, f ''  x   1, f '''  x   0, f   x   2,...

(a)  16 i (b) 16 i (c) 8 i (d) 2 i

2 z  5  z  2.5 , only 2 will be inside.

(a) b  3a / 2 (b) b  2a / 3 (c) b  a / 2 (d) b  a

Solution: u  aiˆ  bnˆ , v  anˆ  biˆ

(a) sin  x / L  cos t / L   sin 2x / L  cos2 t / L 

(c) sin x / L  cos2 t / L   sin 2x / L sin  t / L 

(d) sin x / L  cos t / L   sin 2x / L sin 2 t / L 

(take 180 o /   57.29 o )

rectangular area bounded by x  0, x  a and y  0, y  b ) is

(a) x 2 y (b) x 2  y 2 (c) x 3  3 xy 2 (d) 3x 2 y  y  y 3

 x 3  iy 3  3ix 2 y  3xy 2 , Real part option (3)

(c) x12  x 22  x32  x 42  (d) x12  x 22  x32  x 42 

also if all x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 becomes zero it should be infinity.

(namely Aij  ij ). The matrix A

(a) has one degenerate eigevalue with degeneracy n  1

1     4    9     36  2 18  2  9     3 12  3  4     0

The functional dependence y  x  for the sets A, B and C are respectively

For maxima or minima x  0  x  te t  e t  0  x  e t 1  t 

(a) 0.26 (b) 1 (c) 0.5 (d) 1

Q49. The graph of a real periodic function f  x  for the range  ,   is f x 

(a)  2 (b)   (c)  (d) 2

Q53. The Laurent series expansion of the function f  z   e z  e1 / z about z  0 is given by

at z  0 . Also z  1 and z   is Branch point.

again using boundary condition x  1, t  1

again using t  2 then x  e 2  e

(b) a simple pole at 0 and poles of order 2 at  n and i n for n  1, 2,3...

(c) poles of order 2 at  n , n  0,1, 2,3...

If f  x     x      x      x  , where   x  is the Dirac delta-function (and prime

denotes derivative), what is f  k  ?

x should not be greater than 1 at x  1

H n  x   2 xH n  x   2 xH n  x   0 , which is Hermite Differential Equation.

traversed in the anti-clockwise direction, is

satisfies the recursion relation

ab  a  1 ...  a  n  1 b  1 ...  b  n  1 z n 1

ab   a  1 ...  a   n  1  1  b  1 ... b   n  1  1 z n 1

(d) normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation  2

of the gravitational constant G , Planck’s constant h , Boltzmann constant k B and the

speed of light c in vacuum. The expression for TP is proportional to

Q76. What is the Fourier transform  dxeikx f  x  of

where   x  is the Dirac delta-function?

 F   x    1  F   n   x     ik  F   x     ik 

Thus the matrix M satisfies the equation

(a) (b) (c) (d)