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General Physics II
B. Pascal, 1623-1662
Session 2
Fluid statics:
density and pressure
• R. J. Wilkes
• Email: phy115a@u.washington.edu
• Home page: http://courses.washington.edu/phy115a/
4/1/14 Physics 115
1
Lecture Schedule (up to exam 1)
101.325 kPa = 14.70 lb/in 2 ( psi) Use this fact to convert units
! 101.325 kPa $
35 psig = 35 psi # & = 241.25 kPa = Pg = P − PATM
" 14.7 psi %
P = Pg + PATM =101.325 kPa + 241.25 kPa = 342.575 kPa
! 14.70 psi $ Gauge pressure = “psig”
P = 342.575 kPa # & = 49.7 psia Absolute pressure = “psia”
" 101.325 kPa %
• Force = pressure*area, so PA − P0 A = ρ Ah g ( )
P0 = pressure of atmosphere at fluid surface
P = P0 + ρ g h (assuming ρ is constant)
In general, pressure at location 2 which is h
deeper than location 1 is:
P2 = P1 + ρ g h
P = P0 + ρ g Δh
P − P0
Δh =
ρg
[ (2.0 atm) − (1.0 atm) ]101 kPa/atm
=
(1000 kg/m3 )(9.81 N/kg)
= 10.33 m
P2 = P3
(same depth)
P3 = P1 + ρ g Δh so P2 = P1 + ρ g Δh also
(
PBOTTOM = ρ g h = 1000kg/m 3 ) (9.8m/s ) (11m) = 107.8kPa
2
(
= 101.3kPa )( )(
9.8m / s 2 13600kg / m3 )
=0.760m
4/1/14 Physics 115 12
Manometers (fluid pressure gauges)
P we
want to
measure P − Pat = ρ gh
http://scubageek.com/articles/wwwparad.html
mg
PA2 = mg so P =
A2 A1 π r12
F1 = PA1 = mg = mg 2 = mg (r1 / r2 ) 2
A2 π r2
= (1500 kg)(9.81 N/kg)(2.0 cm / 20 cm) 2
= 147 N F2 =100 F1
4/1/14 Physics 115 18