Intermolecular Forces Of
Attraction
1.Dipole-Dipole Interaction (DDI)-
they both positive and negative.
EX. H2S – DDI- PM
2.Ion-Dipole Forces (IDF)- there’s
interaction between molecule and
ion. EX. MgCl2&H2O – IDF - PM
3.Hydrogen Bonding (HB)- N, F, &
O connected to H.
EX. NH3 – HB- PM
4.Dispersion Forces (DF)- weakest
intermolecular forces.
EX. F2 – DF - NPM
PM- Polar Molecule
NPM- Non- Polar Molecule
PROPERTIES OF LIQUID
1.Surface Tension- ability of liquid
contract.
2.Viscosity- ability of liquid to
resist flowing (the more viscose
the liquid is) .
3.Vapor Pressure &Boiling- the
pressure exerted by a vapor.
H20 VAPOR
-vapor pressure
-evaporation
H20 Atm pressure
1atm or 760 mm of Hg
Heat KE increases
molecules move faster
* Liquids w/strong intermolecular
force of attraction lower vapor
pressure higher boiling point.
* Liquids w/weak force of
attraction have higher vapor
pressure lower boiling point.
Liquids with strong intermolecular
force of attraction have:
stronger/higher surface tension
higher viscosity
high boiling pt. low vapor pressure
high molar heat of vaporization
The higher the temp. weaker is the
surface tension of the liquid.
The higher the temp the low is
viscosity of the liquid.
Why do non polar molecules have
lower boiling point than the polar
molecules? Because they are held
together by a weak.
F2 lower bt. than Cl2
Order of Strength of
Intermolecular Forces:
IDF HB DDI DF
Properties Of Water (physical)
-can exist as S, L & G at the temp
on the surface of the earth.
-colorless, odorless tasteless liquid
-has maximum density at 4 C
Ig/ml (540 cal/1g)
-its expand when cooled
-has high heat of vaporization
-has high specific heat
-with high bt.
-with higher surface tension
*capilliarity
-more viscose than acetone &
other non-polar molecules
Stucture of H2O (PM)
Shape of H2Omolecule-bent shape
Intermolecular force in H2O- HB
Structure shape, bond,
Intermolecular force of attraction
Chemical Properties of Water
-react with metallic oxide to form
base or mettalic hydroxide.
EX. MgO + H20 = Mg(OH)2
-react with non mettalic oxide to
foem acid.
EX. SO3 + H2O =H2SO4
-react w/metal to form metallic
hydride + H2
Hydrates–solid contain H2O as
part of their crystalline structure.
USES OF H20
1.Industrial water use includes
water used for such purposes as
fabricating, processing, washing,
diluting, cooling, or transporting a
product.
2. Agricultural water is used for
irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer
applications , crop cooling (for
example, light irrigation), and frost
control.
3. Domestic water use is water
used for indoor and outdoor
household purposes.
Types of Solid
1.Amorphous solid- any
noncrystalline solid in which the
atoms and molecules are not
organized in a definite lattice
pattern.
2.Crystalline Solid are arranged in
a highly ordered microscopic
structure, forming a crystal lattice
that extends in all directions.
Types of Crystalline Solid
1.Ionic solids (alternating) are
made of lattices of alternating
ions. (EX. table salt)
2.Molecular solid is a solid
consisting of discrete molecules.
(EX. ice and sugar)
3. Metallic solids are solids
composed of metal atoms that are
held together by metallic bonds.
(EX. delocalizing)
4.Network solid in which the
atoms are bonded by covalent
bonds in a continuous network.
(EX. diamond)
5. Group 8A solid crystalline solids
are a specific variety of atomic
crystalline solids. (EX. argon)
Physical Change- when a liquid
change into gas there’s no other
substance form.
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