06/09/2019

Prof. Wen-Chien Lee

National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan
President AFOB

Production of Bioethanol and Bio-based Chemicals from Agricultural Waste and Grass
Biomass

 Biotechnology = biotech is the road area of biology involving living systems and
organisms to develop or make product. (more on Wikipedia)
 Bioprocess engineering = specialization of chemical engineering deals with design and
development of equipment and processes manufacturing products.
 Principal step of bioengineered biotechnology process
o Raw material  upstream processing  fermentation and biotransformation 
downstream process (purification and separation)  pure product
o Plant biomass  pretreatment  [enzyme saccharification  fermentation] SSF
 product recovery & purification  ethanol/bio-based chemical
 Plant biomass raw material
o Sugar and starch
o Oil
o Lignocellulose (LCF): grass and waste agricultural biomass  mostly cellulose
and hemicellulose  need pre-treatment
 Straws (rice, wheat)
 Sugarcane bagasse
 Oil palm empty fruit bunch (31.4% cellulose, 21.3% ???)
 Cassava waste pulp
 Grass-based biomass
 Pre-treatment most costed = mechanical or chemical to separate xylose and lignin
 Biomass: 1G, 2G, 3G
 C1-C6 bio-based organic acid
 Commercial scale
o DuPont is largest bio-based chemical manufacture
 Most likely to produce:
o Country with rich feedstock like sugarcane bagasses, rice straw, oil palm waste
o Offers governments price subsidies, for R10. R20, and or B??
 Grass-based lignocellulosic biomass = miscanthus floridulus, napier grass, and
cogongrass
 The amount of biomass produce = amount of fertilization treatment
 Pre-treatment method:
o Alkaline pretreatment
o ???
o Appearance and molecular structure is changing
 Highest yield from alkaline pretreatment with 0.124 (g/g) ethanol yield from raw
material
 Napier grass
o grow faster, estimated up to 4 meter high. ???
o Alkaline pre-treatment is better than others with 0.143 +- 0.006 g/g
o ???
 Ethanol with SSF on alkaline, produce in 100-L reactor drum
 Application of lactic acid (C3) = ??? we need d form lactic acid since it’s more valuable
 Production of lactic acid on hydrolysate of alkali pretreated napier grass by E. coli ccu-8
 Succinic acid
o Butanedioic acid
o Many application
o Produce by fermentation of Actinobacillus succinogenes on hydrolysate of
Mischanthus grass as carbon source
 Downstream processing
o Removal cell and insoluble
o Product isolation
o Product purification
o Product polishing
 Nano
 INIII APAAAN SIIII