Acid–Base Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

In Section 6-9.1 we introduced classical acid–base reactions. We defined neutralization as

the reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and (in most cases) water. Most salts are ionic

compounds that contain a cation other than H1 and an anion other than OH2 or O22.

The common strong acids and common strong bases are listed in the margin on pages 358-359.

All other common acids may be assumed to be weak. The other common metal hydroxides

(bases) are insoluble (or only slightly soluble) in water.

Reaksi Asam-Basa dalam Larutan Berair

Dalam Bagian 6-9.1 kami memperkenalkan reaksi asam-basa klasik. Kami mendefinisikan netralisasi
sebagai

reaksi asam dengan basa untuk membentuk garam dan (dalam banyak kasus) air. Kebanyakan
garam bersifat ionik

senyawa yang mengandung kation selain H1 dan anion selain OH2 atau O22.

Asam kuat umum dan basa kuat umum tercantum dalam margin di halaman 358-359.

Semua asam umum lainnya dapat dianggap lemah. Hidroksida logam umum lainnya

(basa) tidak larut (atau hanya sedikit larut) dalam air.

Arrhenius and Brønsted–Lowry acid–base neutralization reactions all have one thing in

common.

Neutralization reactions involve the reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt that con-

tains the cation characteristic of the base and the anion characteristic of the acid. Water is

also usually formed.

This is indicated in the formula unit equation. The general form of the net ionic equation,

however, is different for different acid–base reactions. The net ionic equations depend on

the solubility and extent of ionization or dissociation of each reactant and product.

In writing ionic equations, we always write the formulas of the predominant forms of the

compounds in, or in contact with, aqueous solution. Writing ionic equations from formula

unit equations requires a knowledge of the lists of strong acids and strong bases, as well as

of the generalizations on solubilities of inorganic compounds. Please review carefully all of

Sections 6-1 and 6-2. Study Tables 6-4 and 6-5 carefully because they summarize much in-

formation that you are about to use again.

In Sections 6-1 and 6-9.1, we examined some reactions of strong acids with strong bases

to form soluble salts. Let us illustrate one additional example. Perchloric acid, HClO4,

reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium perchlorate, NaClO4, a soluble salt.

Reaksi netralisasi asam-basa Arrhenius dan Brønsted-Lowry semuanya memiliki satu hal

umum.

Reaksi netralisasi melibatkan reaksi asam dengan basa untuk membentuk garam yang

mempertahankan karakteristik kation dari basa dan karakteristik anion dari asam. Air adalah

juga biasanya terbentuk.

Ini ditunjukkan dalam persamaan satuan rumus. Bentuk umum dari persamaan ion bersih,

Namun, berbeda untuk reaksi asam-basa yang berbeda. Persamaan ionik bersih bergantung pada

kelarutan dan tingkat ionisasi atau disosiasi masing-masing reaktan dan produk.

Dalam menulis persamaan ionik, kami selalu menulis rumus bentuk dominan dari

senyawa dalam, atau jika kontak dengan, larutan air. Menulis persamaan ionik dari rumus

Persamaan unit membutuhkan pengetahuan tentang daftar asam kuat dan basa kuat, juga

generalisasi pada kelarutan senyawa anorganik. Harap tinjau dengan cermat semua

Bagian 6-1 dan 6-2. Pelajari Tabel 6-4 dan 6-5 dengan hati-hati karena mereka merangkum banyak
informasi

formasi yang akan Anda gunakan lagi.

Dalam Bagian 6-1 dan 6-9.1, kami memeriksa beberapa reaksi asam kuat dengan basa kuat

untuk membentuk garam yang larut. Mari kita ilustrasikan satu contoh tambahan. Asam perklorat,
HClO4,

bereaksi dengan natrium hidroksida untuk menghasilkan natrium perklorat, NaClO4, garam yang
larut

HClO4 (aq) 1 NaOH(aq) h NaClO4 (aq) 1 H2O(,)

The total ionic equation for this reaction is

3H1(aq) 1 ClO4

2 (aq) 4 1 3Na1(aq) 1OH2 (aq) 4 h 3Na1(aq) 1 ClO4

2 (aq) 4 1 H2O(,)

Eliminating the spectator ions, Na1 and ClO4

2, gives the net ionic equation

H1 (aq) 1 OH2 (aq) h H2O(,

This is the net ionic equation for the reaction of all strong acids with strong bases to form

soluble salts and water.

Many weak acids react with strong bases to form soluble salts and water. For example,

acetic acid, CH3COOH, reacts with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, to produce sodium

acetate, NaCH3COO.

CH3COOH(aq) 1 NaOH(aq) h NaCH3COO(aq) 1 H2O(,)

The total ionic equation for this reaction is

CH3COOH(aq) 1 3Na1 (aq) 1 OH2 (aq) 4 h 3Na1 (aq) 1 CH3COO2 (aq) 4 1H2O(,)

Elimination of Na1 from both sides gives the net ionic equation

CH3COOH(aq) 1 OH2 (aq) h CH3COO2 (aq) 1 H2O(,)

In general terms, the reaction of a weak monoprotic acid with a strong base to form a soluble

salt may be represented as

HA(aq) 1 OH2 (aq) h A2 (aq) 1 H2O(,) (net ionic equation)

The reaction of a strong acid with a strong base to form a soluble salt and the reaction

of a weak acid and a strong base to form a soluble salt were displayed earlier. Similar equa-

tions can be written for: (1) a strong acid reacting with a strong base to produce an insolu-

ble salt and water, (2) a weak acid reacting with a strong base to produce an insoluble salt

and water, (3) a strong acid reacting with a weak base to produce a soluble salt, and (4) a

weak acid reacting with a weak base to produce a soluble salt. There are no common ex-

amples of a weak base reacting with either a weak or a strong Brønsted–Lowry acid to

produce an insoluble salt. Each of the six types of reactions can be represented in general

terms by its own unique net ionic equation