Take this example :

ABCD is a two way slab ( L/B <2 )

Assume:

Dead load of slab : 0.1 x 25 = 2.5 kN/m^2 (100 mm thick slab)

Live load on slab : 3 kN/m^2

Total load = 5.5 kN/m^2

Now for finding force on beam BC the load will come from the triangular hatched part of
slab

So we multiply the load by vertical length of triangle to get load on beam per unit length

2∗5.5=11kn/m2∗5.5=11kn/m
fig (b) shows the disribution of load on beam BC ( same will be for beam DC )

(If we convert this load on beam as uniform load we will get maximum bending moment
of 11 kN/m but now as we have considered this load in form of triangle so we will get a
maximum BM of 14.67 kN/m……Always consider the worst case
The formula is simple to develop if you know the theory. And theory is to divide the
adjoining slab into geometric figures by drawing angle bisectors of four angles and
joining the vertices of triangles thus formed. See figures below.

Thus we get four geometrical figures; two isosceles triangles and two trapeziums. The
loads on these four areas are allocated to adjoining beams for design purpose. Thus
beam along length of two way slab gets trapezium area of load and the beam along width
of two way slab gets triangle area of load. If other side of the beams have similar sizes of
two way slabs the loads get doubled otherwise calculations for different sizes are done.

Now Formula:-

Consider the load for beam AB, length b. We have to calculate area of triangle ABE which
is = 2*½*(b/2)*(b/2) = b²/4 sq units. If load per unit area of the slab be ‘m’, Total load
on beam AB= mb²/4 units distributed as a triangular load with maximum load w=m*b/2
units /unit length at centre and zero at the ends. The maximum moment in the beam
with this load will vary according to the type of fixity of beam ends.

Now consider the load on beam BC, length ‘l’. Total load on the beam will be ‘m’ times
the area of trapezium. Area of trapezium = ½*Sum of parallel sides*height

parallel side BC= l, EF=l-2*b/2 =l-b; BC+EF = l+l-b =2l-b

Now Area of trapezium = ½*(2l-b)*b/2 =b(2l-b)/4

So total load from trapezium =m*b(2l-b)/4 units will be on the beam BC. In calculating
moment, load pattern on beam BC in terms of load per unit length will be -zero from one
end uniformly increasing to m*b/2 per unit length at length b/2 from B, next uniformly
distributed load m*b/2 per unit length up to length (l-b/2) from B, then uniformly
decreasing load getting zero at end C.

Again the maximum moment due to this trapezium load in the beam will depend on the
type of fixity of beam ends.