HW1 Scalars, Vectors, and Motion

Answer CLOSE
Chapter 01, Problem 02

A bicyclist in the Tour de France has a speed of 30.0 miles per hour (mi/h) on a flat section of the road. What is
this speed in (a) kilometers per hour (km/h), and (b) meters per second (m/s)?
(a) Number 48.28032 Units km/h
(b) Number 13.4112 Units m/s
Copyright © 2000-2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. or related companies. All rights reserved.
Solution CLOSE
REASONING
a. To convert the speed from miles per hour (mi/h) to kilometers per hour (km/h), we need to convert miles to
kilometers. This conversion is achieved by using the relation 1.609 km = 1 mi (see the page facing the inside of
the front cover of the text).
b. To convert the speed from miles per hour (mi/h) to meters per second (m/s), we must convert miles to meters
and hours to seconds. This is accomplished by using the conversions 1 mi = 1609 m and 1 h = 3600 s.
SOLUTION
a. Multiplying the speed of30.0mi/h by a factor of unity, (1.609 km)/(1 mi) = 1, we find the speed of the bicyclists
is
b. Multiplying the speed of30.0mi/h by two factors of unity, (1609 m)/(1 mi) = 1 and (1 h)/(3600 s) = 1, the
speed of the bicyclists is
Answer CLOSE

Suppose a man's scalp hair grows at a rate of 0.42 mm per day. What is this growth rate in feet per century?
Number 50.295275590551 Units ft/century
Solution CLOSE
REASONING The word “per” indicates a ratio, so “0.42 mm per day” means 0.42 mm/d, which is to be expressed
as a rate in ft/century. These units differ from the given units in both length and time dimensions, so both must be
converted. For length, 1 m = 103 mm, and 1 ft = 0.3048 m. For time, 1 year = 365.24 days, and
century = 100 years. Multiplying the resulting growth rate by one century gives an estimate of the total length of
hair a long-lived adult could grow over his lifetime.
SOLUTION Multiply the given growth rate by the length and time conversion factors, making sure units cancel
properly:
Answer CLOSE
Given the quantities a = 3.1 m, b = 8.1 s, c = 50 m/s, what is the value of the quantity ?
Number 0.009081237616 Units m^2/s
Solution CLOSE
REASONING In order to calculate d, the units of a and b must be, respectively, cubed and squared along with
their numerical values, then combined algebraically with each other and the units of c. Ignoring the values and
working first with the units alone, we have
Therefore, the units of d are m2/s.
SOLUTION With the units known, the numerical value may be calculated:
Answer CLOSE
Chapter 01, Problem 10 GO

A partly-full paint can has 0.548 U.S. gallons of paint left in it. (a) What is the volume of the paint, in cubic
meters? (b) If all the remaining paint is used to coat a wall evenly (wall area = 10.3 m2), how thick is the layer of
wet paint? Give your answer in meters.
(a) Number 0.002075757576 Units m^3
(b) Number 0.000201529862 Units m
Solution CLOSE
REASONING To convert from gallons to cubic meters, use the equivalence 1 U.S. gal = 3.785×10−3 m3. To find
the thickness of the painted layer, we use the fact that the paint’s volume is the same, whether in the can or
painted on the wall. The layer of paint on the wall can be thought of as a very thin “box” with a volume given by
the product of the surface area (the “box top”) and the thickness of the layer. Therefore, its thickness is the ratio
of the volume to the painted surface area: Thickness = Volume/Area. That is, the larger the area it’s spread over,
the thinner the layer of paint.
SOLUTION
a. The conversion is
b. The thickness is the volume found in (a) divided by the area,
Answer CLOSE
The corners of a square lie on a circle of diameter D = 0.301 m. The side of the square has a length L. Find L.
L = 0.212839141137
Solution CLOSE
REASONING Using the Pythagorean theorem, we find that the relation between the length D of the diagonal of
the square (which is also the diameter of the circle) and the length L of one side of the square is
SOLUTION Using the above relation, we have
Answer CLOSE
Vector has a magnitude of 73 units and points due west, while vector has the same magnitude and points
due south. Find the magnitude and direction of (a) and (b) . Specify the directions relative to
due west.
(a) Magnitude and direction of = 103.237590053236 and 45 o
south of west
(b) Magnitude and direction of = 103.237590053236 and 45 o
north of west
Solution CLOSE
REASONING The Pythagorean theorem can be used to find the magnitude of the resultant vector, and
trigonometry can be employed to determine its direction.
a. Arranging the vectors in tail-to-head fashion, we can see that the vector A gives the resultant a westerly
direction and vector B gives the resultant a southerly direction. Therefore, the resultant A + B points south of
west.
b. Arranging the vectors in tail-to-head fashion, we can see that the vector A gives the resultant a westerly
direction and vector –B gives the resultant a northerly direction. Therefore, the resultant A + (–B) points north of
west.
SOLUTION Using the Pythagorean theorem and trigonometry, we obtain the following results:
Answer CLOSE
A jogger travels a route that has two parts. The first is a displacement of 2.95 km due south, and the second
involves a displacement that points due east. The resultant displacement + has a magnitude of 4.30 km.
(a) What is the magnitude of , and (b) what is the direction of + as a positive angle relative to due
south? Suppose that - had a magnitude of 4.30 km. (c) What then would be the magnitude of , and (d)
what is the direction of - relative to due south?
(a) Number 3.128498042192 Units km
(b) Number 46.682034965921 Units degrees
(c) Number 3.128498042192 Units km
(d) Number 46.682034965921 Units degrees
Solution CLOSE
REASONING a. Since the two displacement vectors A and B have directions due south and due east, they are
perpendicular. Therefore, the resultant vector R = A + B has a magnitude given by the Pythagorean theorem:
R2 = A2 + B2. Knowing the magnitudes of R and A, we can calculate the magnitude of B. The direction of the
resultant can be obtained using trigonometry.
b. For the vector R' = A – B we note that the subtraction can be regarded as an addition in the following sense:
R' = A + (–B)'. The vector –B points due west, opposite the vector B, so the two vectors are once again
perpendicular and the magnitude of R' again is given by the Pythagorean theorem. The direction again can be
obtained using trigonometry.
SOLUTION a. The drawing shows the two vectors and the resultant vector. According to the Pythagorean
theorem, we have
R2 = A2 + B2 or B= √R 2 − A 2
B= √(4.30 km) 2 − (2.95 km) 2 = 3.13 km
Using trigonometry, we can see that the direction of the resultant is
tan θ =
B
A
or θ = tan - 1
( 3.13 km
2.95 km ) = 46.7 ∘ east of south
b. Referring to the drawing and following the same procedure as in part a, we find
R′
2
= A 2 + ( - B) 2 or B= √R ′ 2 - A 2 = √(4.30 km) 2 - (2.95 km) 2 = 3.13 km
tan θ =
B
A
or θ = tan - 1 ( -3.13 km
2.95 km ) = 46.7 ∘ west of south
Answer CLOSE
Chapter 01, Problem 46 Chalkboard Video
The three displacement vectors in the drawing have magnitudes of A = 5.96 m, B = 6.50 m, and C = 3.34 m. Find
the resultant
((a) magnitude and (b) directional angle) of the three vectors by means of the component method. Express the
directional angle as an angle above the positive or negative x axis.
(a) Number 4.924767669632 Units m
(b) Number 61.491103571948 Units °
Solution CLOSE
Chapter 01, Problem 46 Chalkboard Video
REASONING To apply the component method for vector addition, we must first determine the x and y
components of each vector. The algebraic sum of the three x components gives the x component of the resultant.
The algebraic sum of the three y components gives the y component of the resultant. Knowing the x and y
components of the resultant will allow us to use the Pythagorean theorem to determine the magnitude of the
resultant. Finally, the directional angle of the resultant will be obtained using the trigonometric sine function.
SOLUTION Referring to the drawing in the text, we see that the x and y components of the vectors are
Note that the value for Ax is negative because this component points in the -x direction and that the value for Cx is
zero because the vector C points along the -y axis. Note also that the value for Cy is negative because the vector
C points along the -y axis.
The x component Rx of the resultant vector, being negative, points in the -x direction. The y component Ry of the
resultant vector, being positive, points in the +y direction. The drawing shows these two components and the
resultant vector. Since the components are perpendicular, the magnitude R of the resultant can be obtained using
the Pythagorean theorem.
Referring to the drawing, we can see that , so that the directional angle θ is
Thus, the resultant vector points in a direction of .

Answer CLOSE
Focus on Concepts, Question 16
Using the data presented in the drawing and that θ = 39°, determine the y-components of the vectors A and B.
Ay = Number 3.775922346299 Units
By = Number 3.775922346299 Units
Answer CLOSE
Focus on Concepts, Question 18
The displacement vectors A and B, when added together, give the resultant vector R, so that R = A + B. Use the
data in the drawing and the fact that φ = 27° to find the magnitude R of the resultant vector and the angle θ that
it makes with the +x axis.
R = Number 7.511119225855 Units
θ = Number 18.377479491667 Units
degrees

HW1 Scalars, Vectors, and Motion

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Answer CLOSE

Chapter 01, Problem 02

(a) Number 48.28032 Units km/h

(b) Number 13.4112 Units m/s

Chapter 01, Problem 02

Chapter 01, Problem 04

Number 50.295275590551 Units ft/century

Chapter 01, Problem 04

Chapter 01, Problem 05

Number 0.009081237616 Units m^2/s

Chapter 01, Problem 05

Therefore, the units of d are m2/s.

Chapter 01, Problem 10 GO

(a) Number 0.002075757576 Units m^3

(b) Number 0.000201529862 Units m

Chapter 01, Problem 10 GO

b. The thickness is the volume found in (a) divided by the area,

Chapter 01, Problem 15 GO

Chapter 01, Problem 15 GO

SOLUTION Using the above relation, we have

Chapter 01, Problem 26 GO

(a) Magnitude and direction of = 103.237590053236 and 45 o

(b) Magnitude and direction of = 103.237590053236 and 45 o

Chapter 01, Problem 26 GO

Chapter 01, Problem 32 GO

what is the direction of - relative to due south?

(a) Number 3.128498042192 Units km

(b) Number 46.682034965921 Units degrees

(c) Number 3.128498042192 Units km

(d) Number 46.682034965921 Units degrees

Chapter 01, Problem 32 GO

Using trigonometry, we can see that the direction of the resultant is

Chapter 01, Problem 46 Chalkboard Video

(a) Number 4.924767669632 Units m

(b) Number 61.491103571948 Units °

Chapter 01, Problem 46 Chalkboard Video

Thus, the resultant vector points in a direction of .

Focus on Concepts, Question 16

Ay = Number 3.775922346299 Units

By = Number 3.775922346299 Units

Focus on Concepts, Question 18

R = Number 7.511119225855 Units

θ = Number 18.377479491667 Units

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