HW5 Work and Energy

Answer CLOSE
Chapter 06, Problem 02 GO
You are moving into an apartment and take the elevator to the 6th floor. Suppose your weight is 760 N and that of
your belongings is 980 N. (a) Determine the work done by the elevator in lifting you and your belongings up to
the 6th floor (15.2 m) at a constant velocity. (b) How much work does the elevator do on you alone (without
belongings) on the downward trip, which is also made at a constant velocity?
(a) Work = + 26448 J
(b) Work = - 11552 J
Copyright © 2000-2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. or related companies. All rights reserved.
Solution CLOSE
Chapter 06, Problem 02 GO
REASONING
a. We will use (Equation 6.1) to determine the work W. The force (magnitude = F) doing the work
is the force exerted on you by the elevator floor. This force is the normal force and has a magnitude FN, so F = FN
in Equation 6.1. To determine the normal force, we will use the fact that the elevator is moving at a constant
velocity and apply ’s second law with the acceleration set to zero. Since the force exerted by the elevator and the
displacement (magnitude = s) are in the same direction on the upward part of the trip, the angle between them is
θ = 0°, with the result that the work done by the force is positive.
b. To determine the normal force, we will again use the fact that the elevator is moving at a constant velocity and
apply ’s second law with the acceleration set to zero. Since the force exerted by the elevator and the displacement
are in opposite directions on the downward part of the trip, the angle between them is θ = 180°, and so the work
done by the force is negative.
SOLUTION a.The free-body diagram at the right shows the three forces that act on you: W is your weight, Wb is
the weight of your belongings, and FN is the normal force exerted on you by the floor of the elevator.
Since you are moving upward at a constant velocity, your acceleration is zero, you are in equilibrium, and the net
force in the y direction must be zero:
Therefore, the magnitude of the normal force is FN= W + Wb. The work done by the normal force is
b. During the downward trip, you are still in equilibrium since the elevator is moving with a constant velocity. The
magnitude of the normal force is now FN= W. The work done by the normal force is
Answer CLOSE
Chapter 06, Problem 04
A 56.0-kg man is riding an escalator in a shopping mall. The escalator moves the man at a constant velocity from
ground level to the floor above, a vertical height of 4.40 m. What is the work done on the man by (a) the
gravitational force and (b) the escalator?
(a) Number -2414.72 Units J
(b) Number 2414.72 Units J
Solution CLOSE

REASONING
a. The work done by the gravitational force is given by Equation 6.1 as W = (F cos θ) s. The gravitational force
points downward, opposite to the upward vertical displacement of 4.40m. Therefore, the angle θ is 180º.
b. The work done by the escalator is done by the upward normal force that the escalator exerts on the man. Since
the man is moving at a constant velocity, he is in equilibrium, and the net force acting on him must be zero. This
means that the normal force must balance the man’s weight. Thus, the magnitude of the normal force is FN = mg,
and the work that the escalator does is also given by Equation 6.1. However, since the normal force and the
upward vertical displacement point in the same direction, the angle θ is 0º.
SOLUTION
a. According to Equation 6.1, the work done by the gravitational force is
b. The work done by the escalator is
Answer CLOSE
Suppose in Figure 6.2 that +1.26 x 103 J of work are done by the force F (magnitude = 41.4 N) in moving the
suitcase a distance of 43.0 m. At what angle θ is the force oriented with respect to the ground?
Figure 6.2
Number 44.944966504184 Units °
Solution CLOSE
REASONING AND SOLUTION Solving Equation 6.1 for the angle θ, we obtain
Answer CLOSE
A fighter jet is launched from an aircraft carrier with the aid of its own engines and a steam-powered catapult. The
thrust of its engines is 2.83 x 105 N. In being launched from rest it moves through a distance of 83.4 m and has a
kinetic energy of 8.98 x 107 J at lift-off. What is the work done on the jet by the catapult?
Number 6.61978E+7 Units J
Solution CLOSE

REASONING The work done by the catapult Wcatapult is one contribution to the work done by the net external
force that changes the kinetic energy of the plane. The other contribution is the work done by the thrust force of
the plane’s engines Wthrust. According to the work-energy theorem (Equation 6.3), the work done by the net
external force Wcatapult + Wthrust is equal to the change in the kinetic energy. The change in the kinetic energy
is the given kinetic energy of 8.98× 107 J at lift-off minus the initial kinetic energy, which is zero since the plane
starts at rest. The work done by the thrust force can be determined from Equation 6.1 [W = (F cos θ) s], since the
magnitude F of the thrust is 2.83× 105 N and the magnitude s of the displacement is 83.4m. We note that the
angle θ between the thrust and the displacement is 0º, because they have the same direction. In summary, we
will calculate Wcatapult from Wcatapult + Wthrust = KEf - KE0.
SOLUTION According to the work-energy theorem, we have

Wcatapult + Wthrust = KEf - KE0
Using Equation 6.1 and noting that KE0 = 0 J, we can write the work energy theorem as follows:
Solving for Wcatapult gives
Answer CLOSE

It takes 222 kJ of work to accelerate a car from 23.8 m/s to 28.1 m/s. What is the car's mass?
Number 1989.514719720393 Units kg
Solution CLOSE
REASONING The car’s kinetic energy depends upon its mass and speed via (Equation 6.2). The
total amount of work done on the car is equal to the difference between its final and initial kinetic energies:
(Equation 6.3). We will use these two relationships to determine the car’s mass.
SOLUTION Combining (Equation 6.2) and (Equation 6.3), we obtain
or
Solving this expression for the car’s mass m, and noting that 222 kJ = 222 000 J, we find that
Answer CLOSE
A 0.660-kg basketball is dropped out of a window that is 5.08 m above the ground. The ball is caught by a person
whose hands are 2.11 m above the ground. (a) How much work is done on the ball by its weight? What is the
gravitational potential energy of the basketball, relative to the ground, when it is (b) released and (c) caught?
(d) What is the change (PEf - PE0) in the ball's gravitational potential energy?
(a) Number 19.20996 Units J
(b) Number 32.85744 Units J
(c) Number 13.64748 Units J
(d) Number -19.20996 Units J
Solution CLOSE

REASONING The work done by the weight of the basketball is given by Equation 6.1 as W = (Fcosθ)s, where
F = mg is the magnitude of the weight, q is the angle between the weight and the displacement, and s is the
magnitude of the displacement. The drawing shows that the weight and displacement are parallel, so that θ = 0°.
The potential energy of the basketball is given by Equation 6.5 as PE = mgh, where h is the height of the ball
above the ground.
SOLUTION
a. The work done by the weight of the basketball is
b. The potential energy of the ball, relative to the ground, when it is released is
c. The potential energy of the ball, relative to the ground, when it is caught is
d. The change in the ball’s gravitational potential energy is
We see that the change in the gravitational potential energy is equal to -19.2J = , where W is the work
done by the weight of the ball (see part a).
Answer CLOSE

A pole-vaulter just clears the bar at 5.97 m and falls back to the ground. The change in the vaulter's potential
energy during the fall is -3700 J. What is his weight?
Number 619.765494137354 Units N
Solution CLOSE

REASONING Gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh (Equation 6.5), where m is the mass, g is the magnitude
of the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height. The change in the potential energy is the final minus the
initial potential energy. The weight is mg, so it can be obtained from the change in the potential energy.
SOLUTION The change in the pole-vaulter's potential energy is
With hf = 0 m and h0 = 5.97m we find that
Answer CLOSE
Two pole-vaulters just clear the bar at the same height. The first lands at a speed of 7.93 m/s, while the second
lands at a speed of 8.19 m/s. The first vaulter clears the bar at a speed of 1.14 m/s. Ignore air resistance and
friction and determine the speed at which the second vaulter clears the bar.
Number 2.343245612393 Units m/s
Solution CLOSE
REASONING Gravity is the only force acting on the vaulters, since friction and air resistance are being ignored.
Therefore, the net work done by the nonconservative forces is zero, and the principle of conservation of
mechanical energy holds.
SOLUTION Let E2f represent the total mechanical energy of the second vaulter at the ground, and E20 represent
the total mechanical energy of the second vaulter at the bar. Then, the principle of mechanical energy is written
for the second vaulter as
Since the mass m of the vaulter appears in every term of the equation, m can be eliminated algebraically. The
quantity , where h is the height of the bar. Furthermore, when the vaulter is at ground level, .
Solving for v20we have
(1)
In order to use Equation (1), we must first determine the height h of the bar. The height h can be determined by
applying the principle of conservation of mechanical energy to the first vaulter on the ground and at the bar. Using
notation similar to that above, we have
where E10 corresponds to the total mechanical energy of the first vaulter at the bar. The height of the bar is,
therefore,
The speed at which the second vaulter clears the bar is, from Equation (1),
Answer CLOSE
A skier starts from rest at the top of a hill. The skier coasts down the hill and up a second hill, as the drawing
illustrates. The crest of the second hill is circular, with a radius of 25.9 m. Neglect friction and air resistance. What
must be the height h of the first hill so that the skier just loses contact with the snow at the crest of the second
hill?
Number 12.95 Units m
Solution CLOSE

REASONING If air resistance is ignored, the only nonconservative force that acts on the skier is the normal force
exerted on the skier by the snow. Since this force is always perpendicular to the direction of the displacement, the
work done by the normal force is zero. We can conclude, therefore, that mechanical energy is conserved. Our
solution will be based on this fact.
SOLUTION The conservation of mechanical energy (Equation 6.9b) specifies that
Since the skier starts from rest v0 = 0 m/s. Let hf define the zero level for heights, then the final gravitational
potential energy is zero. This gives
(1)
At the crest of the second hill, the two forces that act on the skier are the normal force and the weight of the skier.
The resultant of these two forces provides the necessary centripetal force to keep the skier moving along the
circular arc of the hill. When the skier just loses contact with the snow, the normal force is zero and the weight of
the skier must provide the necessary centripetal force.
(2)
Substituting this expression for vf2 into Equation (1) gives
Answer CLOSE

A person is making homemade ice cream. She exerts a force of magnitude 28 N on the free end of the crank
handle on the ice-cream maker, and this end moves on a circular path of radius 0.26 m. The force is always
applied parallel to the motion of the handle. If the handle is turned once every 1.9 s, what is the average power
being expended?
Number 24.074520545404 Units W
Solution CLOSE
REASONING The average power is given directly as the work W done divided by the time t that it takes to do
the work: (Equation 10a). The work can be obtained by realizing that this situation is just like that of a
constant force pushing an object in a straight line, the force pointing in the same direction as the displacement of
the object. This is because the force is always applied parallel to the motion of the crank handle. Thus, the work
can be calculated from (Equation 6.1), where s is the magnitude of the displacement and θ is the
angle between the direction of the force and the displacement.
SOLUTION When the person turns the crank through one revolution, the handle moves a distance equal to the
circumference of a circle of radius r, so that the magnitude of the displacement in Equation 6.1 is . Thus,
the work done for one revolution of the handle is
The average power, then, is
Remembering that the force is always applied parallel to the motion of the handle so that , we find that
the average power expended is

HW5 Work and Energy

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Answer CLOSE

Chapter 06, Problem 02 GO

(a) Work = + 26448 J

(b) Work = - 11552 J

Chapter 06, Problem 02 GO

Chapter 06, Problem 04

(a) Number -2414.72 Units J

(b) Number 2414.72 Units J

Chapter 06, Problem 04

b. The work done by the escalator is

Chapter 06, Problem 05

Number 44.944966504184 Units °

Chapter 06, Problem 05

Chapter 06, Problem 13

Number 6.61978E+7 Units J

Chapter 06, Problem 13

SOLUTION According to the work-energy theorem, we have

Solving for Wcatapult gives

Chapter 06, Problem 15

Number 1989.514719720393 Units kg

Chapter 06, Problem 15

SOLUTION Combining (Equation 6.2) and (Equation 6.3), we obtain

Chapter 06, Problem 31

(a) Number 19.20996 Units J

(b) Number 32.85744 Units J

(c) Number 13.64748 Units J

(d) Number -19.20996 Units J

Chapter 06, Problem 31

d. The change in the ball’s gravitational potential energy is

Chapter 06, Problem 32

Number 619.765494137354 Units N

Chapter 06, Problem 32

SOLUTION The change in the pole-vaulter's potential energy is

With hf = 0 m and h0 = 5.97m we find that

Chapter 06, Problem 45

Number 2.343245612393 Units m/s

Chapter 06, Problem 45

Chapter 06, Problem 49

Number 12.95 Units m

Chapter 06, Problem 49

SOLUTION The conservation of mechanical energy (Equation 6.9b) specifies that

Substituting this expression for vf2 into Equation (1) gives

Chapter 06, Problem 62

Number 24.074520545404 Units W

Chapter 06, Problem 62

The average power, then, is

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