Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and

services produced in a specific time period, often annually.[2][3]GDP (nominal) per capita does not,
however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore using a
basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) is arguably more useful when comparing
differences in living standards between nations.[4]

The OECD defines GDP as "an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values
added of all resident and institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any
subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)."[5] An IMF publication states that
"GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that are bought by the final user—
produced in a country in a given period of time (say a quarter or a year)."[6]

Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy.[7]
The ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP and the same is called Mean
Standard of Living. GDP is considered the "world's most powerful statistical indicator of national
development and progress".[8]

Determining gross domestic product (GDP)

GDP can be determined in three ways, all of which should, in principle, give the same result. They are the
production (or output or value added) approach, the income approach, or the speculated expenditure
approach.

The most direct of the three is the production approach, which sums the outputs of every class of
enterprise to arrive at the total. The expenditure approach works on the principle that all of the product
must be bought by somebody, therefore the value of the total product must be equal to people's total
expenditures in buying things. The income approach works on the principle that the incomes of the
productive factors ("producers," colloquially) must be equal to the value of their product, and
determines GDP by finding the sum of all producers' incomes.[15]

Production approach

Edit

This approach mirrors the OECD definition given above.

Estimate the gross value of domestic output out of the many various economic activities;
Determine the intermediate consumption, i.e., the cost of material, supplies and services used to
produce final goods or services.

Deduct intermediate consumption from gross value to obtain the gross value added.

Gross value added = gross value of output – value of intermediate consumption.

Value of output = value of the total sales of goods and services plus value of changes in the inventory.

The sum of the gross value added in the various economic activities is known as "GDP at factor cost".

GDP at factor cost plus indirect taxes less subsidies on products = "GDP at producer price".

For measuring output of domestic product, economic activities (i.e. industries) are classified into various
sectors. After classifying economic activities, the output of each sector is calculated by any of the
following two methods:

By multiplying the output of each sector by their respective market price and adding them together

By collecting data on gross sales and inventories from the records of companies and adding them
together

The value of output of all sectors is then added to get the gross value of output at factor cost.
Subtracting each sector's intermediate consumption from gross output value gives the GVA (=GDP) at
factor cost. Adding indirect tax minus subsidies to GVA (GDP) at factor cost gives the "GVA (GDP) at
producer prices".

Income approach

Edit

The second way of estimating GDP is to use "the sum of primary incomes distributed by resident
producer units".[5]

If GDP is calculated this way it is sometimes called gross domestic income (GDI), or GDP (I). GDI should
provide the same amount as the expenditure method described later. By definition, GDI is equal to GDP.
In practice, however, measurement errors will make the two figures slightly off when reported by
national statistical agencies.

This method measures GDP by adding incomes that firms pay households for factors of production they
hire - wages for labour, interest for capital, rent for land and profits for entrepreneurship.

The US "National Income and Expenditure Accounts" divide incomes into five categories:

Wages, salaries, and supplementary labour income

Corporate profits

Interest and miscellaneous investment income

Farmers' incomes

Income from non-farm unincorporated businesses

These five income components sum to net domestic income at factor cost.

Two adjustments must be made to get GDP:

Indirect taxes minus subsidies are added to get from factor cost to market prices.

Depreciation (or capital consumption allowance) is added to get from net domestic product to gross
domestic product.

Total income can be subdivided according to various schemes, leading to various formulae for GDP
measured by the income approach. A common one is:

GDP = compensation of employees + gross operating surplus + gross mixed income + taxes less subsidies
on production and imports

GDP = COE + GOS + GMI + TP & M – SP & M

Compensation of employees (COE) measures the total remuneration to employees for work done. It
includes wages and salaries, as well as employer contributions to social security and other such
programs.

Gross operating surplus (GOS) is the surplus due to owners of incorporated businesses. Often called
profits, although only a subset of total costs are subtracted from gross output to calculate GOS.

Gross mixed income (GMI) is the same measure as GOS, but for unincorporated businesses. This often
includes most small businesses.

The sum of COE, GOS and GMI is called total factor income; it is the income of all of the factors of
production in society. It measures the value of GDP at factor (basic) prices. The difference between basic
prices and final prices (those used in the expenditure calculation) is the total taxes and subsidies that the
government has levied or paid on that production. So adding taxes less subsidies on production and
imports converts GDP(I) at factor cost to GDP(I) at final prices.

Total factor income is also sometimes expressed as:

Total factor income = employee compensation + corporate profits + proprietor's income + rental income
+ net interest[16]

Expenditure approach

Edit

The third way to estimate GDP is to calculate the sum of the final uses of goods and services (all uses
except intermediate consumption) measured in purchasers' prices.[5]

Market goods which are produced are purchased by someone. In the case where a good is produced and
unsold, the standard accounting convention is that the producer has bought the good from themselves.
Therefore, measuring the total expenditure used to buy things is a way of measuring production. This is
known as the exp

. This is known as the expenditure method of calculating GDP.

GDP (Y) is the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G) and net exports (X – M).

Y = C + I + G + (X − M)
Here is a description of each GDP component:

C (consumption) is normally the largest GDP component in the economy, consisting of private
expenditures in the economy (household final consumption expenditure). These personal expenditures
fall under one of the following categories: durable goods, nondurable goods, and services. Examples
include food, rent, jewelry, gasoline, and medical expenses, but not the purchase of new housing.

I (investment) includes, for instance, business investment in equipment, but does not include exchanges
of existing assets. Examples include construction of a new mine, purchase of software, or purchase of
machinery and equipment for a factory. Spending by households (not government) on new houses is
also included in investment. In contrast to its colloquial meaning, "investment" in GDP does not mean
purchases of financial products. Buying financial products is classed as 'saving', as opposed to
investment. This avoids double-counting: if one buys shares in a company, and the company uses the
money received to buy plant, equipment, etc., the amount will be counted toward GDP when the
company spends the money on those things; to also count it when one gives it to the company would be
to count two times an amount that only corresponds to one group of products. Buying bonds or stocks is
a swapping of deeds, a transfer of claims on future production, not directly an expenditure on products.

G (government spending) is the sum of government expenditures on final goods and services. It includes
salaries of public servants, purchases of weapons for the military and any investment expenditure by a
government. It does not include any transfer payments, such as social security or unemployment
benefits.

X (exports) represents gross exports. GDP captures the amount a country produces, including goods and
services produced for other nations' consumption, therefore exports are added.

M (imports) represents gross imports. Imports are subtracted since imported goods will be included in
the terms G, I, or C, and must be deducted to avoid counting foreign supply as domestic.

Note that C, G, and I are expenditures on final goods and services; expenditures on intermediate goods
and services do not count. (Intermediate goods and services are those used by businesses to produce
other goods and services within the accounting year.[17])

According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, which is responsible for calculating the national
accounts in the United States, "In general, the source data for the expenditures components are
considered more reliable than those for the income components [see income method, below]."[18]

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Philippines was worth 330.91 billion US dollars in 2018. The GDP
value of Philippines represents 0.53 percent of the world economy. GDP in Philippines averaged 81.60
USD Billion from 1960 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 330.91 USD Billion in 2018 and a record
low of 4.40 USD Billion in 1962.
CONOMICS

Philippines GDP

Summary

Forecast

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Philippines was worth 330.91 billion US dollars in 2018. The GDP
value of Philippines represents 0.53 percent of the world economy. GDP in Philippines averaged 81.60
USD Billion from 1960 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 330.91 USD Billion in 2018 and a record
low of 4.40 USD Billion in 1962.

Historical

Data

API

Philippines GDP

Philippines GDP Last Previous Highest Lowest Unit

GDP Growth Rate 1.00 1.80 3.40 -2.30 percent [+]

GDP Annual Growth Rate 5.60 6.30 12.40 -11.10 percent [+]

GDP 330.91 313.62 330.91 4.40 USD Billion [+]

GDP Constant Prices 2257007.26 2494033.36 2494033.36 487413.68 PHP Million

[+]

Gross National Product 2831541.89 2801216.28 2831541.89 944320.00 PHP Million

[+]

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 707316.26 744263.22 744263.22 163357.69 PHP

Million [+]

GDP per capita 3022.00 2884.40 3022.00 1059.50 USD [+]

GDP per capita PPP 7942.50 7580.80 7942.50 3800.10 USD [+]

GDP From Agriculture 157624.77 182717.24 182717.24 114778.44 PHP Million

[+]
GDP From Construction 201455.59 270746.77 270746.77 85502.67 PHP Million
[+]

GDP From Manufacturing 554839.47 599810.14 599810.14 252377.26 PHP

Million [+]

GDP From Mining 22504.43 19323.58 30306.94 10394.10 PHP Million

[+]

GDP From Public Administration 91987.01 107130.32 110586.18 43289.41 PHP

Million [+]

GDP From Services 1301961.00 1404628.00 1404628.00 675416.60 PHP Million

[+]

GDP From Transport 76553.45 65176.38 80056.97 34827.71 PHP Million

[+]

GDP From Utilities 67147.30 71199.50 82773.94 42117.43 PHP Million

[+]

Philippines GDP

The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's
economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and
services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. This page provides - Philippines GDP
- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Philippines GDP -
actual data, historical chart and calendar of releases - was last updated on July of 2019.

Mortality rate, or death rate,[1] is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific
cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is
typically expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 (out of
1,000) in a population of 1,000 would mean 9.5 deaths per year in that entire population, or 0.95% out
of the total. It is distinct from "morbidity", which is either the prevalence or incidence of a disease,[2]
and also from the incidence rate (the number of newly appearing cases of the disease per unit of time).

In the generic form, mortality rates are calculated as:

{\displaystyle d/p\cdot 10^{n}} {\displaystyle d/p\cdot 10^{n}}

where d represents the deaths occurring within a given time period, p represents the size of the
population in which the deaths occur and {\displaystyle 10^{n}} 10^{n}is a conversion factor from
fraction to some other unit (such as multiplying by {\displaystyle 10^{3}} 10^{3}to get mortality rate per
1,000 individuals).

Population - 2019

Age Total Female Male

Total 117,394,517 58,556,279 58,838,238

Rank 12

0-4 12,898,052 6,308,453 6,589,599

Rank 10 10 10

5-9 12,549,035 6,145,090 6,403,945

Rank 10 10 10

10-14 12,067,004 5,914,070 6,152,934

Rank 10 10 10

15-19 11,430,924 5,606,946 5,823,978

Rank 10 10 10

20-24 10,583,450 5,194,182 5,389,268

Rank 9 9 9

25-29 9,638,003 4,731,261 4,906,742

Rank 10 10 10

30-34 8,917,319 4,380,632 4,536,687

Rank 12 12 12

35-39 8,111,407 3,994,799 4,116,608

Rank 12 12 13

40-44 6,991,957 3,458,581 3,533,376

 Rank 13 12 13

45-49 5,798,006 2,881,635 2,916,371

Rank 13 13 13

50-54 4,905,876 2,497,849 2,408,027

Rank 16 16 16

55-59 4,089,152 2,145,766 1,943,386

Rank 20 19 20

60-64 3,297,616 1,791,330 1,506,286

Rank 20 19 19

65-69 2,470,510 1,370,629 1,099,881

Rank 21 19 23

70-74 1,623,824 906,216 717,608

Rank 23 23 22

75-79 1,061,772 616,682 445,090

Rank 22 23 21

80-84 602,362 371,170 231,192

Rank 24 24 25

85-89 263,667 172,971 90,696

Rank 27 27 29

90-94 78,493 55,650 22,843

Rank 32 32 32

95-99 14,583 11,140 3,443

Rank 35 35 37

100+ 1,505 1,227 278

Rank 47 47 46
Birth Rates - 2019

· Gross Reproduction Rate 1.40 Per 1,000 Rank: 50

· Ratio at Birth - Male to Female 1.05 Ratio Rank: 92

· Total Fertility Rate 2.87 Births Per Woman Rank: 49

· Fertility Rate

· 15-19 34.60 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 77

· 20-24 129.70 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 50

· 25-29 162.50 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 50

· 30-34 129.90 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 56

· 35-39 74.90 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 49

· 40-44 37.50 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 41

· 45-49 4.40 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 75

Growth Rates - 2019

· Growth Rate 1.65 Percent Rank: 57

· Natural Growth 1.77 Percent Rank: 47

· Births Per 1000 22.55 Per 1,000 Rank: 57

· Net Migrants per 1000 -1.19 Per 1,000 Rank: 165

Mortality Rates - 2019

· Life Expectancy 73.78 Years Rank: 138

· Female 76.92 Years Rank: 132

· Male 70.78 Years Rank: 140

· Deaths Per 1000 4.86 Per 1,000 Rank: 199

· Infant Mortality Rate 15.16 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 100

· Female 12.94 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 101

· Male 17.27 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 100

· Mortality Rate - Age 1-4 5.31 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 74

· Female 4.56 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 75

· Male 6.03 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 75

· Mortality Rate - Under Age 5 20.39 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 93

· Female 17.44 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 91

· Male 23.20 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 94

Land Area

· Area

· Square Miles 115,831

· Square Kilometers 300,000

· Area Rank

· Asia Rank: 20

· Worldwide Rank: 73
Literacy rate, Simple/Basic

PSS Agency:

PSA

Definition:

The percentage of the population 10 years old and over, who can read, write and understand simple
messages in any language or dialect

Formula:

Source:

PSA

Philippines Population 2019

108,222,331

Literacy rate of population is defined as the percentage of literates to the total population age 7 years
and above.

Or

Literacy rate is the number of persons who is 7 or above, who has the ability to read, write and
understand in any language.
Life expectancy, often abbreviated to LEB (for Life expectancy at birth), is a statistical measure of the
average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age and other
demographic factors including gender. The most commonly used measure of life expectancy is at birth,
which can be defined in two ways. Cohort LEB is the mean length of life of an actual birth cohort (all
individuals born a given year) and can be computed only for cohorts born many decades ago, so that all
their members have died. Period LEB is the mean length of life of a hypothetical cohort[clarification
needed] assumed to be exposed, from birth through death, to the mortality rates observed at a given
year.[1]

National LEB figures reported by statistical national agencies and international organizations are indeed
estimates of period LEB. In the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, LEB was 26 years; the 2010 world LEB was
67.2 years. For recent years, LEB in Eswatini (Swaziland) is about 49, while LEB in Japan is about 83. The
combination of high infant mortality and deaths in young adulthood from accidents, epidemics, plagues,
wars, and childbirth, particularly before modern medicine was widely available, significantly lowers LEB.
For example, a society with a LEB of 40 may have few people dying at precisely 40: most will die before
30 or after 55. In populations with high infant mortality rates, LEB is highly sensitive to the rate of death
in the first few years of life. Because of this sensitivity to infant mortality, LEB can be subjected to gross
misinterpretation, leading one to believe that a population with a low LEB will necessarily have a small
proportion of older people.[2] Another measure, such as life expectancy at age 5 (e5), can be used to
exclude the effect of infant mortality to provide a simple measure of overall mortality rates other than in
early childhood; in the hypothetical population above, life expectancy at 5 would be another 65.
Aggregate population measures, such as the proportion of the population in various age groups, should
also be used along individual-based measures like formal life expectancy when analyzing population
structure and dynamics. However, pre-modern societies still had universally higher mortality rates and
universally lower life expectancies at every age for both genders, and this example was relatively rare. In
societies with life expectancies of 30, for instance, a 40 year remaining timespan at age 5 may not be
uncommon, but a 60 year one was.

Mathematically, life expectancy is the mean number of years of life remaining at a given age, assuming
age-specific mortality rates remain at their most recently measured levels.[3] It is denoted by
{\displaystyle e_{x}} e_{x},[a] which means the mean number of subsequent years of life for someone
now aged {\displaystyle x} x, according to a particular mortality experience. Longevity, maximum
lifespan, and life expectancy are not synonyms. Life expectancy is defined statistically as the mean
number of years remaining for an individual or a group of people at a given age. Longevity refers to the
characteristics of the relatively long life span of some members of a population. Maximum lifespan is the
age at death for the longest-lived individual of a species. Moreover, because life expectancy is an
average, a particular person may die many years before or many years after the "expected" survival. The
term "maximum life span" has a quite different meaning and is more related to longevity.
Life expectancy is also used in plant or animal ecology;[4] life tables (also known as actuarial tables). The
term life expectancy may also be used in the context of manufactured objects,[5] but the related term
shelf life is used for consumer products, and the terms "mean time to breakdown" (MTTB) and "mean
time between failures" (MTBF) are used in engineering.

Human life expectancy now at 72; women outliving men

MANILA, Philippines — The average life expectancy globally has increased by five-and-a-half years since
the turn of the century, according to the new United Nations health agency statistics report. And
everywhere, women are outliving men.

Apart from the average increase from 66.5 years to 72 overall, the World Health Organization’s World
Health Statistics Overview 2019 findings show that “healthy” life expectancy – the number of years
individuals live in full health – increased from 58.5 years in 2000, to 63.3 years in 2016.

The report finds that differing attitudes toward healthcare between men and women, help to account for
the discrepancy in life expectancy between the sexes.

“Whether it’s homicide, road accidents, suicide, cardiovascular disease – time and time again, men are
doing worse than women,” said Dr. Richard Cibulskis, main author of the WHO’s World Health Statistics
Overview 2019.

The report said that in countries with generalized HIV epidemics, for example, men “are less likely than
women to take an HIV test, less likely to access antiretroviral therapy and more likely to die of AIDS-
related illnesses than women.” The same principle, it added, applies for tuberculosis sufferers, with male
patients less likely to seek care than women.

The report also finds that of the 40 leading causes of death, 33 of it contribute more significantly to
reduced life expectancy in men than in women.
In 2016, this corresponded with data indicating that the probability of a 30-year-old man dying from a
non-communicable disease – such as heart conditions – before the age of 70 is 44 percent higher than
for a woman of the same age.

Other findings demonstrated that global suicide rates were 75 percent higher in men than in women,
deaths from road injuries were more than twice as high in men than in women over the age of 15, and
male mortality rates linked to homicide were four times higher.

While WHO’s Global Health Statistics have been disaggregated by sex for the first time, the UN agency
cautioned that many countries are still struggling to provide gender disaggregated information which
could help to better assess individual needs.

One of the trends confirmed in the report is an increase in non-communicable diseases in low and
middle-income countries that are linked to a rise in risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption
and unhealthy diets.

The WHO said the trend is particularly marked on the African continent where it is exacerbated by a lack
of access to primary health care and medicine. – With Pia Lee-Brago

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