UNITED KINGDOM’S POLICE SYSTEM

 Law enforcement in the United Kingdom

 Is organized separately in each of the legal systems of the United Kingdom England and Wales, Northern
Ireland and Scotland
 London Metropolitan Police.
 Historical Background
 In the history of the police in England and wales between the Anglo-Saxon period and the 19th century,
 From the very early years during the time of Alfred the great (A.D. 871-899).

Frankpledge policing System

Every men over twelve (12) years old join nine (9) of his neighbours to form tythingmen.
This policing system was carried out under a system of mutual pledge.
Policing responsibility lies on the hands of the citizens.

Thanes policing System

It was introduced by King Alfred the Great.

A type of internal police force where landowners throughout the kingdom were responsible to police their own
territory.

Tun policing System

This policing System required all male residents to guard the town to preserve peace and order, protect the life and
property of the people and suppress other factors affecting peace and order.
Tun was forerunner of the “town”.
 Vision, Mission and Core Values
 The London metropolitan police service (LMPS) has the vision to “Make London the safest major city in the world”.
The LMPS has the stated mission of “making London safe for all the people it serves”.
 To achieve this vision and mission the london metropolitan police service (LMPS) will strive to “treat everyone fairly be
open and honest work in partnership and change to improve” these are the core values of the LMPS
 Powers and functions
 Under the law, every member of a police forces is constable whatever his or her actual rank is in the sense that whether low
ranking or high ranking he or she has the same power of arrest.
 The basic police powers of arrest and search of an ordinary constable are identical to those of a superintendent or chief
constable. However, certain higher ranks are given administrative powers to authorize certain police actions.
 A police authority has the power to call for reports from his chief constabulary.
 Miscellaneous Police Service
 There is no separate traffic bureau in the UK. All the traffic law enforcement functions come under the police force.
 There is also a computerized criminal intelligence system with home office technical backing.
 This is a sensitive development and has been more controversial than the other projects. In general, there is no public access
to crime data banks or to police information.

 Organization Structure
 In London, the metropolitan police service with headquarters at New Scotland Yard provides police service in area within a
radius of 15 miles from charing cross.
 There are four general types of agency mostly concerned with policing the general public.
Territorial police forces, who carry out the majority of policing.
Special police forces, which are national police that have a specific. And non-regional jurisdiction.
Non-police law enforcement agencies, whose officers are not police constables. But still enforce laws.
Miscellaneous police forces, mostly having their foundations in older legislation or common law.
 Recruitment and Selection
  There is a national entrance test. Which is supplemented by a thorough interview, culminating in either the chief of constable.
Or one of his assistants giving the final approval.
 To prepare police officer for the middle and higher ranks in the service, higher police training is undertaken. This is mainly
concentrated on the Police Staff College (PSC) at the Bramshill, Hampshire, England, Scotland, Tullialla castle, and
Kincardine.
Five courses that are being conducted at the (PSC).
Special Course (SP) Specialized Subjects Training (SST)
Junior Command course (JCC) Senior Command Course (SCC
International Command Course (ICC)
 Police Personnel Strength
 United Kingdom: Total police officer strength in the United Kingdom increased year on year between 2003, when there
were 155,000 officers, and 2010, when there were just over 171,600. Since 2010 the number of police officers has fallen
each year. At 31 March 2019 there were just over 150,000 police officers operating within the United Kingdom. This was a
reduction of 3.3% compared to 2003 and a decrease of 12.4% from 2010.
 Rank Classification
 Most territorial forces and special police forces outside of London have a standard set of ranks. It can be detective or
uniformed, that is:
Constable Chief Inspector Assistant Chief
Sergeant Superintendent Constable
Inspector Chief Superintendent Deputy Chief Constable
Chief Constable
 Uniform Regulation
 All the police forces in the United Kingdom wear basically the same uniform with only minor differences in details. It
consists of an open-necked dark blue belted tunie, with four pockets and with matching trousers.
 Firearms and Equipment
 The following are commonly issued to authorized firearms officers Glock 17 pistol, Glock 26 pistol, I use with the London
MPF. Sig Sauer P226 pistol, Walter P99 pistol, in use with Nottinghamshire Constabulary, Heckler & Koch MP5 SF A3
semi-Automatic carbine, steyr AUG Semi-Automatic carbine, in use by some forces, heckler & koch G36C Semi-Automatic
carbine, Heckler & koch L104A baton gun less lethel option that fires rubber bullets, and X26 Taser, a non-lethal weapon.

 Information Technology
 Police National Computer (PNC) is a computer system used extensively by law enforcement organizations across the United
Kingdom.
 The PNC is one of the main sources of information accessed when a Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) check is made.
 Communication Network
 Provides a comprehensive communication system throughout the United Kingdom. The main Very High Frequency (VHF)
system joins adjoining forces headquarters and is the main based to car system.
 Officers on foot patrol are equipped with personal radios on Ultra High Frequency (UHF)
 Developing 999 emergency telephone call system

 Mobility and Transportation

 Police vehicles in the United Kingdom differ considerably depending on the duties that the vehicle is purchased to fulfill,
along with the standard of training the driver has received.
 An emergency call a response car would often be deployed to reach the scene quickly with regards to public safety.

Emergency calls response car:

Incident Response Roads Policing Units

Vehicle (IRV) (RPU)
Emergency Response Tactical Vehicle Crime
Vehicles (ERV) Unit (TVCU
Traffic Cars (TC)
 Forensic Science Service
 Is government owned company in the United Kingdom which provides Forensic science services to the police forces and
government agencies of England and wales, as well as other countries
 The organization pioneered the use of large scale DNA profiling for forensic identification and crime detection.
 Police Accountabilities
 In relation to the performance of his duties, every constable is accountable to the law. He can be sued for wrongful arrest
or malicious prosecution or prosecuted for assault. He is accountable to his chief constable under the Police Discipline
Code (PDC)
 Disciplinary Machineries
 Determine of punishment is under the jurisdiction of the chief constable after consultation with the other members of the
tribunal. There are certain minor variations as in the case of the metropolitan police force, and also when the chief
constable who chairs the hearing is not the chief constable for the force concerned.