Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

5.1 Conclusions
Brick samples were heated to temperatures at 900 to 1100°C, with a heating rate
. The conclusions derived from the aforementioned experiments are as follows.
1. The compressive strength of the fired clay bricks increased with increases in the
amount of waste glass content and firing temperature.
2. The bulk density of the fired clay bricks increased with increases in the amount of
waste glass content and firing temperature.
3. The firing shrinkage of the fired clay bricks decreased with increases in the amount
of waste glass content and firing temperature.
4. The apparent porosity of the fired clay bricks decreased with increases in the amount
of waste glass content and firing temperature.
5. The water absorption of the fired clay bricks decreased with increases in the amount
of waste glass content and firing temperature.
6. The strength of fired clay bricks is greatly dependent on the amount of waste glass.
7. The fired clay bricks are very porous if a significant amount of wasted glass is added.
8. The optimal amount of waste glass that can be mixed with clay to produce good
quality bricks is 30% by weight.
9. There is a similar trend between compressive strength and bulk density.
10. The advantages of lower apparent porosity, lead to less water absorption and gain
in compressive strength.
11. The particle size of waste glass powder is very important and has a significant effect
on the properties of fired clay brick; the finest the particle size, the highest is the
compressive strength.
12. Because fired clay bricks are indeed an economical product with cheap, abundant
raw materials, locally available, produced by a simple manufacturing process (drying,
firing) and their interesting physical and mechanical, especially their strength and
durability. It can be used as an alternative to concrete blocks.
13. The advantages of using bricks as a masonry building units should stimulate the use
of waste glass as a brick additive in the near future.
14. There is a close relationship between water absorption and apparent porosity of
fired clay bricks.

5.2 Recommendations For Further Research

The following recommendations are purposed for further research:
1. Study the performance of fired clay bricks under freezing and thawing conditions.
2. Study the effect of waste glass additive on the thermal conductivity of fired clay
bricks.
3. Study the effect of firing time on the properties of fired clay bricks.
4. Field study is needed to show the social acceptance of using fired clay bricks as
alternative to concrete blocks.
5. The Ministry of Public Works and Housing, and The Engineers Syndicate are to
encourage using these bricks for constructing buildings, and to start with the
government buildings as pilot projects.
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