Preliminary Literature Review

Bullying constitute a complex problem in school kids lives. It is a problem that

affects all students, either bullies or victims, and those who attended interpersonal
violence. Bullying may involve many sections verbal, physical assaults, threats, jokes or
language, and criticizing. All of such factors affect individually, or collectively, and
contributes in child’s bullying. It is well known that bullying is difficult to eliminate or to
stop it in schools because it is used by students. Alison (2016) stated that bullying is
considered as global problem that affect emotional, social, and physical wellbeing of
school-age children worldwide.
It continues in higher basic stage, and then started to decline at secondary level
(Dickerson, 2005). Bullying is considered a common form of violence in schools.
Various studies indicated that bullying makes schools to be unsafe places for schools’
students and it contributes in the belief that some schools are become not safe anymore
(Maliki et al., 2009).
The basis of bully’s strength is either physical strength or their age or financial
situation, or social level or technological skills (Quiroz et al., 2006). School bullying is
considered as “aggressive behavior which mostly usually contains no equivalent power
between the bully and the victim, and occurs many times over the time”. There are
many forms of bullying such as physical abuse, verbal abuse and threats of non-verbal
communication. Bullying also includes the use of modern communication means for
sending various messages of confusing and threatening.
This concept paper aim to aim to raise awareness in bullying, specifically this study
wants to:
a. know what are the effects of bullying in school.
b. Enumerate the causes of bullying.
c. Know what are the effect of bullying to students as an individual.
 Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that
involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the
potential to be repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may
have serious, lasting problems.
Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking
someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on
purpose, "jokes" or language, mockery and criticizing , insulting behavior and facial
expressions. bullying is one of the most apparent problem that we are facing nowadays.
Bullying exists in all communities since long time. Bullying exists either in developed or
developing societies. Bullying starts in early age. Bullying in schools occurs in any place
either in school building or around school building and may occur in bathrooms, school
pathways and during waiting for their ride way back home and in classes which may
require group work or after school activities.
The psychological effects of bullying include depression, anxiety, low self-
esteem, self-harming behavior (especially for girls), alcohol and drug use and
dependence, aggression, and involvement in violence or crime (especially for boys).
While bullying can lead to mental health problems for any child, those who already have
mental health difficulties are even more likely to be bullied and to experience its
negative effects.

Being bullied also increases cortisol levels – a stress

hormone – in the body, which typically happens after a stressful
event. Stress from bullying can impact the immune system and
hormones. Imaging studies show that brain activity and
functioning can be affected by bullying, which may help explain
the behavior of children who have been bullied.
Bullying is deemed as common increasing problem in every society and schools.
Bullying occurs in any time and it has negative impacts mainly on students’ academic,
emotional and social development during school period (Kartal & Asude, 2009). Bullying
in schools has many and different causes, in this regard Omoteso (2010) indicated that
characteristics of personality and typical reaction patterns, all together combined with
physical strength or weakness level in boys, can help in explaining bullying problems
development in individual students.
Therefore we must stop bullying and underestimating people because it can
cause depression and lead to suicidal thoughts. Also we have our own unique
capabilities, so why would we judge or bully other. Lets just respect one another.
This survey is about