Example.

Solution of the Bessel

Equation with v = 13

August 18, 2006

Solve the Bessel equation

1
x2 y 00 + xy 0 + x2 y = 0 (1)
9
x0 = 0

0.0.1 Step 1.
x = 0 is the singular point.

Here P (x) = x1 ; Q(x) = 1 9x1 2

p (x) = xP (x) = 1; q (x) = x2 Q (x) = x2 19 :
Hence by the second theorem of the existence 9 a solution y (x) of (35)
expanded in the generalized power series in the vicinity of x0 = 0.
Let y (x) be the solution of di¤erential equation (??) expanded in the gen-
eralized power series of x:
1
X
y (x) = x an xn ; a0 6= 0; jxj < 1 (2)
n=0

0.0.2 Step 2.
1
X
xy 0 (x) = x (n + ) an xn (3)
n=0
1
X
x2 y 00 (x) = x (n + ) (n + 1) an xn (4)
n=0

1
0.0.3 Step 3.

1
x2 y 00 + xy 0 + x2 y = (5)
9
1
X
= x (n + ) (n + 1) an xn + (6)
n=0
1
X 1
X
1
+x (n + ) an xn + x2 x an xn = 0
n=0
9 n=0

1
X 1
X 1
X
x2 an xn = an xn+2 = an 2x
n

n=0 n=0 n=2

1
X
(n + ) (n + 1) an xn + (7)
n=0
1
X 1
X 1
1X
+ (n + ) an xn + an 2x
n
an xn = 0
n=0 n=2
9 n=0

1 1
( 1) + a0 + (1 + ) + (1 + ) a1 x +
9 9
1
X 1
+ (n + ) (n + 1) + (n + ) an + an 2 xn = 0; a0 6= 0:
n=2
9

2 1
a0 = 0; a0 6= 0
9
2 1
(1 + ) a1 = 0
9

1
(n + ) (n + 1) + (n + ) an + an 2 = 0; (8)
9
1
an = 2 1
an 2; n = 2; 3::::;
(9)
(n + ) 9

Characteristic equation is:

2 1
=0
9
, Solution is : = 13 ; = 13
= 13 :
a1 = 0 ! a2k+1 = 0; k = 0; 1; 2; :::

2
 1
an = an 2;
1 2 1
n+ 3 9
n = 2; 3; :::; a0 6= 0:
1 2 1
n+ 3 9 = n2 + 23 n; n = 2k ) n2 + 23 n = 4k k + 1
3

1
a2k = a2(k 1) ;
4k k + 13
k = 1; 2; 3; :::; a0 6= 0:

1 1 1
a2k = a
4k(k+ 13 ) 2(k 1)
= 4k(k+ 13 ) 4(k 1)(k 1+ 13 )
a2(k 2) =

1 1 1
= 4k(k+ 13 ) 4(k 1)(k 1+ 13 ) 4(k 2)(k 2+ 13 )
a2(k 3) = ::: =

1 1 1 1
= 4k(k+ 13 ) 4(k 1)(k 1+ 13 ) 4(k 2)(k 2+ 13 )
::: 4(k l)(k l+ 13 )

1 1
4 2 (2+ 13 ) 4 1 (1+ 13 )
a0 =
k
( 1) ( 1)k
= a = a0 ; k = 1; 2; :::; a0 6= 0:
22k k! (
1+ 13 )(2+ 13 ):::(k 1+ 13 )(k+ 13 ) 0 22k k!
Q
k
(l+ 13 )
l=1

k
( 1)
a2k = a0 ; k = 0; 1; 2; :::; a0 6= 0; (10)
Q
k
1
22k k! l+ 3
l=1
a2k+1 = 0; k = 0; 1; 2; :::

0.0.4 First partial solution.

The …rst partial solution y1 (x) of equation (1) is:
1
X k 1
( 1) x2k+ 3
y1 (x) = a0 (11)
Q
k
k=0 22k k! l + 13
l=1

0.0.5 Second partial solution.

1 = 13 ; 2 = 13 ; 1 2
2 = 3 2=Z
The second partial solution y2 (x) of equation (1) is:
1
X k 1
( 1) x2k 3
y2 (x) = b0 (12)
Q
k
1
k=0 22k k! l 3
l=1

3
0.0.6 General solution.
The general solution y (x) of equation (1) is:
1
X k 1
X1 k 1
( 1) x2k+ 3 ( 1) x2k 3
y (x) = C1 + C2 (13)
Q
k Q
k
k=0 22k k! l + 13 k=0 22k k! l 1
3
l=1 l=1