EASY AND PRACTICAL WAYS TO MASTERING RESEARCH WRITING

MADE EASY:
A Comprehensive Guide to Writing
Research Paper for International Journal
Publication
NONIEL JOHN VASQUEZ ERNO
BEE JAY D. OLITRES
 Table of Contents

Overview

I. Qualifying Standards for Electronic Submission ----------------------------------- 1

II. Manuscript Template for a Research Article (IMRAD Format) ---------------- 2

III. Crafting the Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------- 4

IV. Crafting the Review of Related Literature (RRL) ---------------------------------- 5

V. Crafting the Methodology ---------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Research Design ----------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Research Setting ----------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Sampling --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Instrument ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Data Collection ------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Ethical Considerations --------------------------------------------------------- 9

VI. Crafting Results and Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------- 9

Sample Research Paper -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10

About the Author ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

 I. Qualifying Standards for Electronic Submission

A full manuscript should pass the following criteria:

Criterion 1: Scope, Newness and Relevance – 45%

 The scope of the study is wide-ranging.
 The aspects of the paper such as, but not limited to, methods and results are
seemingly new.
 The research results have national and international applicability.
 The quality of academic writing reflects the nature and nuances of the discipline.

Criterion 2: Results of Plagiarism, and Grammar Check – 20%

 The manuscript obtains the minimum results: plagiarism detection- 95%
grammar check – 90%.

Criterion 3: Quality of References- 20%

 Sources (journals, books, and other references) are traceable online unless
otherwise a justification is made.
 Journals are not listed in Beall’s list of stand-alone journals and predatory
publishers.
 Articles on Wikis and gray literature (non-scientific sources) must be avoided.
 Scientific sources cited were published preferably in Year 2010 onwards unless
otherwise a justification is given.

Criterion 4: Completeness of Parts- 15%

 Each part of the manuscript contains appropriate and enough substance.

(Adopted from the University of Cebu Research Office)

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 II. Manuscript Template for a Research Article (IMRAD Format)

The text from introduction to conclusion must be between 13 to 20 pages, single spaced,
Cambria 12, without counting the references page.

(The template below should be used as this is compliant with the IMRAD format)

Title of the Manuscript

(8 to 112 words)

Author’s Name
(As you wish it to appear in the journal)

Abstract
(1stpage, between 100-180 words: provide the background of the topic, need for the study,
research design, researcher setting, research participants, and results. Must provide clear
connection to field of specialization)

Keywords: (1st page, between 6 to 12 words: must include topic words, field, region,
country, continent, research design, target population)

Introduction
(Starting on 1stpage: 1 to 3 paragraphs introducing the paper: specify the background of
the study, problem statement and the purpose statement or goal of the study)

Review of Related Literature

(Between 4 to 6 pages synthesizing current, relevant literature on the topic: At least 80% of
sources must have been published within the last 5 years; at least 90% must be from
published books and journal articles. Note: Other types of sources should be used sparingly
if they are needed for the topic under exploration. This section must end with a paragraph
that shows the gap in the literature the study addresses, followed with 2 to 4 research
questions)
Methodology
(Add an introductory paragraph here)

Research Design

Research Setting

Sampling

Instrument
2
Data Collection

Ethical Considerations

Results
(Tables, thick description, figures, focus on major and surprising results)

Conclusion
(Address research questions, synthesize major findings, and make recommendations for
practice and further research)

References
(Complete entries – in APA – of all sources in your manuscript. The whole paper must be
formatted in APA)

Acknowledgement
(no more than 60 words)

Your name, your highest academic degree

Your position, your department
Your institution
City, Country (where institution is located)
Your email address (optional)

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III. Crafting the Introduction

Paragraph 1: Provide an overview or general idea of the topic under investigation and
explain briefly. For a good opening statement, the researcher may use the following:
1. Attention getting broad statement – this is usually a statement/ that catches the
attention of the readers in relation to the topic.
2. Statistics – a researcher may use statistics to provide a good starting point in
benchmarking recent related developments of the field.
3. Axiom – this means an undebatable truth which include statements or sentences
that is ultimately true and cannot be questioned due to its veracity and applicability
(e.g. Education is a complex process).

Paragraph 2: Provide a situation, experiences, and/or observation that triggers the

researcher to conduct the study. Explain and discuss comprehensively the situation for the
topic to be valid in the claim of the need for further investigation.

Paragraph 3: Specify the background of the study, problem statement and the purpose
statement or goal of the study.

Paragraph 4: Cite an international/regional situation or studies that support/s the

current investigation or in any case related to the topic under study. Discuss this in a
comprehensive manner elucidating the main idea of the study/situation.

Paragraph 5: Cite a national situation or studies that support/s the current investigation
or in any case related to the topic under study. Discuss this in a comprehensive manner
elucidating the main idea of the study/situation.

Paragraph 6: Cite a local situation or studies that support/s the current investigation or
in any case related to the topic under study. Discuss this in a comprehensive manner
elucidating the main idea of the study/situation.

Paragraph 7: Synthesize the key points of the different studies and situations. It is also
important to discuss the reasons on the need and significance in conducting the current
investigation. In other words, reveal the contributions of your study.

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IV. Crafting the Review of Related Literature (RRL)

In crafting the Review of Related Literature, use the I – ACESS Model (Erno and
Olitres, 2019), an enhanced model adopted from iMISS Model (Wa-Mbaleka et. al., 2018)
and the four RRL techniques (Amorado, 2015).

I – ACESS Model
by
Noniel John Vasquez Erno
Bee Jay D. Olitres

• Introduce - this serves as the general overview of the RRL that describes the
general idea and nature of the problem under investigation.
I

• Assert - this is also known as the thesis statement where the researcher
provides assertion in relation to the topic.
A

• Cite - the main aim of this area is to provide related literatures and studies to
further support the assertions made.
C

• Elucidate - this is the comprehensive discussion of the cited literatures and

studies and its relevance (i.e. similarities and differences) to the current
E investigation.

• Summarize - once the textual discussion is done, a summary is provided

pointing out the salient features and the general idea of the group of studies
S discussed.

• Synthesize - this discusses the diagnosis or gap in the review of related studies,
its significance to the current endeavor, and how your study addresses this gap
S (i.e., course of action/contribution to the existing literature and studies.

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 Below is the summary of format in using the I - ACESS Model for the Review of
Related Literature.
I – Introduce -------------------- General Introduction
A – Assert
C – Cite
E – Elucidate Body
S – Summarize
S – Synthesize ------------------ Synthesis/Conclusion

Here is what every researcher should know and follow in crafting the Review of
Related Literature. This specifically layouts the content in each paragraph as an easy guide
to constructing a comprehensive and scholarly writing.

Paragraph 1/Introduction: Your introduction describes the nature of the problem, main
ideas, concepts, and assertions.

Paragraph 2/Body: Use the Inventory technique (Amorado, 2015). It enumerates the
literature with storyline in a paragraph (Erno and Olitres, 2017). Using this technique,
follow the ACES format. A is for the assert that is usually in the form of a thesis statement.
The C is for cite that provides supporting studies and literatures that will establish
information on the said topic. E is for elucidate where the comprehensive discussion of the
cited literatures and studies and its relevance (i.e. similarities and differences) to the
current investigation is done. Lastly, S is for the summarize that provides a short summary
of the entire paragraph pointing out the general idea of the group of studies discussed.

Paragraph 3/Body: Here, you need to discuss the similarities and differences of your
study to that of the studies mentioned in paragraph 2 in your inventory technique. Provide
a bridging statement/s for the succeeding group of ideas (themes) in the next paragraph.

Paragraph 4/Body: Use the Resonation technique (Amorado, 2015). It cites similar
literature to strengthen a claim or substantiate an assertion (Erno and Olitres, 2017). Using
this technique, follow the ACES format. A is for the assert that is usually in the form of a
thesis statement. The C is for cite that provides supporting studies and literatures that will
establish information on the said topic. E is for elucidate where the comprehensive
discussion of the cited literatures and studies and its relevance (i.e. similarities and
differences) to the current investigation is done. Lastly, S is for the summarize that
provides a short summary of the entire paragraph pointing out the general idea of the
group of studies discussed.

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Paragraph 5/Body: Here, you need to discuss the similarities and differences of your
study to that of the studies mentioned in paragraph 4 in your resonation technique.
Provide a bridging statement/s for the succeeding group of ideas (themes) in the next
paragraph.

Paragraph 6/Body: Use the Compare and Contrast technique (Amorado, 2015). Similar
literature is compared to generate commonalities and contrasted to show their differences
or dissimilarities (Erno and Olitres, 2017). Using this technique, follow the ACES format. A
is for the assert that is usually in the form of a thesis statement. The C is for cite that
provides supporting studies and literatures that will establish information on the said
topic. E is for elucidate where the comprehensive discussion of the cited literatures and
studies and its relevance (i.e. similarities and differences) to the current investigation is
done. Lastly, S is for the summarize that provides a short summary of the entire paragraph
pointing out the general idea of the group of studies discussed.

Paragraph 7/Body: Here, you need to discuss the similarities and differences of your
study to that of the studies mentioned in paragraph 6 in your compare-and-contrast
technique. Provide a bridging statement/s for the succeeding group of ideas (themes) in
the next paragraph.

Paragraph 8/Body: Use the Argue-and-Persuade technique (Amorado, 2015). It is a

combination of all the RRL techniques. It aims to sway people to change their
stand/perceptions or influence their thoughts or feelings using literature presented by
combining the different techniques (Erno and Olitres, 2017). Using this technique, follow
the ACES format. A is for the assert that is usually in the form of a thesis statement. The C
is for cite that provides supporting studies and literatures that will establish information
on the said topic. E is for elucidate where the comprehensive discussion of the cited
literatures and studies and its relevance (i.e. similarities and differences) to the current
investigation is done. Lastly, S is for the summarize that provides a short summary of the
entire paragraph pointing out the general idea of the group of studies discussed.

Paragraph 9/Body: Here, you need to discuss the similarities and differences of your
study to that of the studies mentioned in paragraph 8 in the argue-and-persuade technique.
Provide a bridging statement/s for the succeeding group of ideas (themes) in the next
paragraph.

Paragraph 10/Synthesis/Conclusion: This discusses the diagnosis or gap in the review of

related studies, its significance to the current endeavor, and how your study addresses this
gap (i.e., course of action/contribution to the existing literature and studies.
 7
Note: All the techniques (i.e., inventory, resonation, etc.) are subject to the appropriateness to
the themes or group of ideas/related literatures and studies collated in each paragraph. Thus,
the researchers have the scholarly prerogative to use the techniques based on its applicability.

V. Crafting the Methodology

Research Design

Paragraph 1: Identify the approach (qualitative or quantitative), type

(correlation/comparative/experimental/descriptive), and method (survey
questionnaire/observation/experimentation). Explain further the use of the approach,
type, and method and how are they used in your study.

Paragraph 2: Discuss why your approach, type, and method/s appropriate and best for
your study.

Research Setting

Paragraph 1: Describe the general setting of the study. Example, Cebu City/Mandaue
City/Lapu-Lapu City. From the general setting, describe the specific setting (e.g. University
of Cebu – Banilad). Describe them in the context of the research topic.

Sampling

Paragraph 1: Describe the total population, sampling method used, sampling size
determination, and the characteristics of the sample. Use the term research subjects if it is
experimental study. Use the term research respondents if they are answering a tool. Use
the term research informants if they are interviewed. Use the term research participant if
they are subjects and respondents of the study.

Paragraph 2: Discuss why the subjects/respondents/informants/participants best fit in

your study. It should briefly provide reasons on the appropriateness of the chosen people
for the study.

Data Collection

Paragraph 1: Discuss step by step how data was gathered starting from the approval of the
study by the institution until the retrieval of the instrument from the respondents.

Paragraph 2: This is the first phase of the process of research where you need to explicitly
discuss the procurement of the approval of the transmittal letter, survey
questionnaire/interview-based questionnaire, etc.
 8
Paragraph 3: In the second phase, you need to describe how the setting and research
participants/respondents are identified.

Paragraph 4: The next phase is the distribution of the letter of intent for the survey
attaching the survey/interview questionnaire to the respondents/participants of your
study. Additionally, gathering of data now commences where you will discuss in detail how
data is gathered.

Ethical Considerations

Paragraph 1. Explicitly discuss one-by-one all the ethical considerations of the study. Make
sure to point out each norm and standard in the conduct of your research.

VI. Crafting the Results and Conclusion

Results
Paragraph 1: Provide a short prefatory statement/introduction of what to expect in the
summary of findings. Put tables (if necessary), thick description, figures, and focus on
major and surprising results.
Conclusion
Paragraph 1: Directly point out your discussion to the generalization. Here, you need to
briefly discuss and address research questions, synthesize major findings, and make
recommendations for practice and further research.

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 Sample Research Paper (Qualitative)
(Note: This is ONLY a sample from students. Some content may be subject to changes.)

AGE IS JUST A NUMBER: A NARRATIVE INVESTIGATION ON THE LIFE OF SPORTS

ENTHUSIAST SENIOR CITIZENS

Alibo, Marianne Marie; Bacaltos, Joshnielle; Mangila, Kenneth;

Montejo, Kaye Mae; and Surban, Vergie

Abstract

The main purpose of this narrative inquiry is to describe the lived experiences of senior
citizens sports enthusiast. Explicitly, this study answered the following questions: a.)
descriptions of being a sports enthusiast, b.) the narration of experiences, c.) the essence
d.) the reasons, e.) respondents’ feelings, f.) respondents’ time management. This study
exploited narrative type under qualitative method. Moreover, to widely gather the
necessary data an interview using a questionnaire was used. The informants were chosen
through the purposive sampling. These informants consist of three (3) people who are
currently senior citizens sports enthusiast. Based on the gathered and analyzed data, these
findings were formed out: 1.) both a passion and lifestyle, 2.) a fun and rough experience,
3.) it is about inspiring other elderlies, 4.) all about the scorching love for sports, 5.) felt a
mixed emotions with the overwhelming thought of them being an enthusiast at their age,
6.) managed their time wisely. Based on the gathered and analyzed data, the summary of
findings, it was hereby generalized that the lived experiences of the senior citizens sports
enthusiast were a journey that led them to be the person they are today. Based on the
summary of findings and the generalization, the following recommendations were hereby
offered: 1.) the researchers acclaim a well-constructed and good outlook for the future
researchers to focus on the study well and effective; 2.) the researchers recommend to
discover and enlarge the ways in finding the answers within the informants; and 3.) future
researchers must preserve communication within their groupmates to achieve success of
the research.

Keywords: lifestyle, passion, senior citizens, sports enthusiast, narrative, purposive

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 Introduction

In the Philippines, sports are an important part of the country’s culture. Many
athletes around the world are known to be Filipinos. According to Philippine Sports
Commission (2016), 63.8% of the Filipino athletes returned home with a medal and
excluding team sports, the rate was even higher at 66.3%. Ages range from 12 to 45 are
known to be very active in sports. But, there are many Filipinos who loves the idea of
sports despite their age and their capability of doing sports. In addition, there are a lot of
Filipinos who find sports not only for any physical activities. It can be a form of passion to
why they do sports. Others find it a form of living in a way of giving a feedback to that
certain sports. Examples of this, are sports critique and commentators. On the other hand,
Filipino fathers are known for teaching their children how to be passionate about sports.
Philippines is also known for having sports enthusiast who are very active even with the
hindrance of their age.
With the background details provided for, this investigation aims to describe the
narration of experiences of sports enthusiast senior citizens despite their age. Specifically,
this aims to provide and answer the goals and objectives of the study which are to a)
describe the respondents being a sports enthusiast; b) to narrate the experiences of the
respondents enthusiasm towards the sports; c) to know the essence of being a sports
enthusiast; d) to reveal the reasons why respondents choose to be sports enthusiast; e) to
unleash their feelings as sports enthusiast; and f) to explore their management being a
sports enthusiast despite their age.

Review of Related Literature

In the Philippines, sports still endure as one of the popular aspects. With this, some
sports community in the country holds or joins any sports activity in both local and
international tournaments to enhance oneself against their peers. According to Śniadek and
Zajadacz (2010), there is a process where senior citizens would life. However, being a
sports enthusiast does not only appeal on the younger generations. Many aged people are
known to be great sports enthusiast because of their great love and dedication in the field
of sportsmanship. With the amazing benefits of sports, many elderlies have continued in
engaging themselves into sports in different ways and fields. In this connection, the
researchers aim to conduct this study to describe the narration of experiences of sports
enthusiast senior citizens around Cebu City.
According to Tischer, Hartmann-Tews and Combrink (2011), on their study on sport
participation of the elderly, they have provided a set of data in Germany with a focus on
correlations to sports. They found out that elderly people 80 years and above seems to be
more interested in investing their needs and potential in the fields of sports and other
physical related activity. Then, Orlick (1982) have stated that aged people can achieve
mental and physical health and happiness from recreational activities. Moreover, Tan
(2017) finds that men and women in the age range of 50-60 have the willingness to step in
the vision of recreational activities that lead to an inference that elderlies needed to pursue
their skills on being physically working and actively participating on sports to keep the
11
body in track with good-stamina level. In addition, the study of Kohno, O’Hata, Morita,
Shiharata, Onodera, and Sato (2013) have stated that sports activity for senior citizens
must be recognized accordingly which provided the conclusion that there are no
boundaries for sports and physical activities in present days for there are a lot of
institutions which are giving acceptable programs. Also, Barnas (2016) was able to show
that older people became the more who was in need to do regular exercises and find out
that regular physical activity is important for the primary and secondary prevention of
diseases and other disabling factors. Ambe, Suijo, Takahara, Setoguchi, and Fujieda (2010),
have also layed out that there is a timing when to engage in balance exercise for preventing
body-incapability. As well, Brox, Luque, Evertsen, and Hernandez (2011) have indicated
that regular physical activity is crucial to both physical and psychological state of a person.
Although participating in regular sessions may affect time and effort to the elderlies, but
many of them are eager to motivate themselves to do more on exercises for their basic
needs. Besides that, King and Buchner (1998) have given such findings that appropriate
lifestyle interventions such as regular physical activity can provide a quality of wellness
despite of being an elderly. Furthermore, the study of Fusner and Staib (2004); Nawaz,
Skjaeret, Ystmark, Helbosted, and Vereijken, and Svanes (2014); and the paper of Theng,
Dahlan, Akmal, and Myint (2009) was able to explain that pursuing on regular physical
activity basis can help maintain a physical, mental, and social well-being of a person; that
muscular strength and balance training are key concepts of exercise to avoid failing in your
senior years; and also add up the ability being able to perform daily tasks making the
elderly in good condition and works even faster than that of before. The study of Tan,
Sheng, and XU (2002), have showed that here are many differences to those who often
exercise and to those who do not. Their findings have portrayed that those who engage
more in exercising have much higher score of the mood state, achieve peace, and cannot
feel any irritability, rather to those who do not. However, the study of Collins (2003), have
said that sports and leisure for senior citizens can adopt social exclusion where these
random people participate in any forms of physical activities being able to experience
different forms of self-conflicts due to poverty and racism.
Several studies have been found out to support the claim as with Barnas (2016).
These studies have pointed out the importance of sports in a daily life as this what also
creates a way for senior citizens to enhance their well-balanced and healthy lifestyle. On
the other hand, several studies have also pointed out that participation in sports has
increase stronger over decades with respect to the elderly community this is according to
the studies of Tischer, Hartmann-Tews and Combrick (2011). These studies have stressed
out that sports are an important factor in the lives of the senior citizens and can also create
a well-balanced and a healthy lifestyle. With these being said, researchers have found out
that these studies have expounded well the importance of sports. Researchers have also
concluded that this examination needs to be done in the purpose of unveiling the fact that
senior citizens can still be able to participate in the field of sports despite their age. In this
connection, the investigation will be used to elucidate the narration of experiences of
senior citizens sports enthusiasts.

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Hence, physical exercises and sports activities leave a mark on positive impact upon the
improvement of health, the quality of life, mental stability, and even on life expectancy of
the sport enthusiast senior citizens. Within the area of sports enthusiasm, therefore,
research on the depths of sports world, general idea, and concepts are related to the
present study.
Methodology

Research Design

This study used narrative type design under qualitative approach. To assess the
quality of a good narrative project, researchers must use the criteria and aspects of a
narrative study that represents a good narrative research (Ollerenshaw and Creswell,
2002). This design is suitable for this study because this can be able to express and
describe the lived experiences of senior citizens as sports enthusiasts. Qualitative research
is primarily concerned understanding human beings' experiences in a humanistic and
interpretive approach (Jackson, Drummond, & Camara, 2007). This method is
appropriate for it can provide multiple information in relation to the chosen topic. To
proceed to data gathering, an interview questionnaire will be used. By the use of the
questionnaires, the interviewees or respondents will be able to know what they are going
to do, and interviewers will know what to gather and analyze (Huotkoop-Steenstra, 2000).

Research Setting

The general setting of the study is Cebu City. Cebu City is widely known to be
competitors in fields of sports. Cebu is a place as much defined by its recreational pursuits
as by its natural beauty. It is where the essence of sports is being cared, cultured, and
nurtured. Where many tourists and locals can do recreational games for the whole clan. It
is also one of the cities where many establishments are fast rising. With this, many
gymnasiums and other physical activity centers are found among the city. Moreover, many
Cebuanos are prominent competitors and participants in many fields of sportsmanship,
may it be local or international. Additionally, several elderly people are holding physical
activities like sports to enhance their physical structure and improve their lifestyle.

Sampling

This study exploited the purposive sampling as a technique for the

identification/selection of the research informants/respondents. Purposive sampling as a
technique of informants’ selection, it is non-random techniques that does not need a set of
number of informants (Bernard, 2002; Lewis & Shepard, 2006). In which researchers
decide what needs to be known and sets out to find people who can and willing to give the
information by morality knowledge and experiences. Additionally, according to Tongco
(2007), purposive sample is foundation to the quality of data gathered. Researchers have
pointed out a single criterion that respondents should be sports enthusiast senior citizens.
Thus, reliability and authenticity of the informants must be ensured.
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The use of the purposive sampling is fit since it focuses on how to go about selecting people
willing to convey their knowledge and experiences being a sports enthusiast through the
purposive sample method of information selection.

Data Collection

In the accomplishment of this investigation, processes of data collection have been

implemented. Data collection is the gathering of information to address those questions
that the author has known. It is an important aspect of any type of research study
(Athukora, 2011). In data collection, several steps have been considered by the researchers
to fully accomplished this investigation. First, the procurement of the approval of the
transmittal letter to be approved. Second, the interview questionnaire, and last, the
affidavit of consent was then secured. Therefore, the researchers should be able to identify
the possible respondents of the study. The process of interview will follow where the
respondents will sign in the consent form. Lastly, the researchers will gather and
congregate the information taken from the audio/video recording and other means of
documenting the interview.

Ethical Considerations

Conducting a study requires major factors that are crucial to be considered as to

ethical considerations. According to Steffen (2016), ethical consideration in research is the
use of human subject, it provides the norms and standards in conducting distinguish
between right and wrong. One may also define ethics as a method, procedures, or
perspective for deciding how to act and for problems and issues. The ethics that were
considered in this investigation is the approval of the transmittal letter considering the
safety of the researchers. Since the researchers are still students. With this, it will help the
researchers in conducting of well and professional procedures in doing research (Resnik,
Elliott, & Miller, 2015). Moreover, a formal legal consideration is described in a form
of affidavit of consent. A consent form is then signed by the respondents. The researchers
have considered the place and time to conduct the interview to preserve confidentiality.
Preserving a sensitive interview was also considered to keep the respondent in a
comfortable state. Hence, confidentiality means that any identifying information is not
made available to or obtain by anyone but the researchers only.

Results

Based on the gathered and analyzed data, the following findings have been found
out: senior citizens aging from 60-80 years old described sports as a lifestyle and a
maintenance for their bodies to be working very well despite their age. Additionally, senior
citizen sports enthusiast different experiences having sports in their lives. Some also stated
that sports were just their comfort zone and expounded the thought that it is only for their
pastime. Moreover, senior citizens’ essence of being sports enthusiasts varied in
relationship to their commitment as to sports.
14
All the respondents have explained that the true soul of being sports enthusiasts is in the
way of existing, bringing the principles of a great sportsmen and women empowering the
importance of sports towards people around them. It was also found out that the reasons
why respondents have chosen to be sports enthusiasts were not merely a choice, but they
were because of their passion and value to sports. Furthermore, the respondents’ feeling
was found out that they have diverse emotions being sports enthusiasts. Lastly, it was also
found out that there are different skills and techniques in the way the respondents manage
being a sports enthusiast despite their age. To sum up, all the respondents have their
abilities on exploring what to do in order to not skip and not leave their bond to the sports
they are into.

Conclusion

Based on the gathered and analyzed data and the summary of findings, this
concludes that being a senior citizen sports enthusiast is not that simple and easy. The
experiences of these respondents differ in many aspects. These elderlies experienced ups
and downs, just like normal people. The sense here is that them, being senior citizens, is a
big challenge to still balance things such as involving to vigorous physical-recreational
activities such as sports. Also, self-assessment is being valued in this process, as well as
their commitment towards sports are being stressed out. It was discovered that these
senior citizens are quite honored for their capabilities of still doing great things not just for
themselves but also for other people, especially, their families. In addition to that, these
respondents are free in terms of expressing themselves, knowing that they are having these
advantages among all elderlies out there. Their supportive loved ones, colleagues,
government, and others who can be part of the lives of these informants will also play a
substantial role explicitly the moral support is crucial for it can help in developing
themselves to remain motivated and tough, to continue to feel the capability of being sports
enthusiasts despite their ages.

After the research process, the researchers believe that the survey raises several
hypotheses that merit further research about the views of senior citizens sports enthusiast.
The researchers offer the following recommendations:
1.) The researchers recommend a well-constructed and good mindset for the future
researchers to focus on the study well.
2.) The researchers recommend exploring and expand the ways in finding the
answers within the respondents. The future researchers must have patience within them.
3.) Future researchers must maintain an open communication within their
groupmates to come up with a well clarified study to get the points they need to achieve
success.

15
 References
Ambe, H., Suijo, K., Takahara, K., Setoguchi, Y., & Fujieda, Y. (2010). Earlier Adaptation
of Balance Exercises Combined with Resistance Exercise Can More Effectively
Improve Elderilies’ Fitness: 1829 Board #266 June 2 2:00PM- 3:00PM. Medicine
& Science in Sports & Exercises, 42 (5), 414.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative
research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Brox, E., Luque, L. F., Evertsen, G. J., & Hernández, J. E. G. (2011, May). Exergames
forelderly: Social exergames to persuade seniors to increase physical activity.
In 2011 5th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for
Healthcare (PervasiveHealth) and Workshops (pp. 546-549). Ieee.
Collins, M. F. (2003). Social exclusion from sports and leisure. Sports and society: A student
introduction.
Fusner, S., & Staib, S. (2004). Students and senior citizens learning from each
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 Acknowledgement

In the fulfillment of this research paper, we fully give our deepest gratitude to our
parents for all the financial support they have given. Secondly, we thank our research
instructor for guiding us in conducting this study. We also present our gratefulness to our
friends for giving us enough motivation in the accomplishment of the research process.
Lastly, we acknowledge the future researchers to relate this paper to their future study.

Alibo, Marianne Marie, Accountancy, Business, and Management

Lead Researcher, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
alibomarianne@gmail.com

Bacaltos, Joshnielle, Accountancy, Business, and Management

Assistant Lead Researcher, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
bacaltosjoshnielle@gmail.com

Mangila, Kenneth, Accountancy, Business, and Management

Research Associate, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
mangilakenneth@gmail.com

Montejo, Kaye Mae, Accountancy, Business, and Management

Research Associate, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
montejokenneth@gmail.com

Surban, Vergie, Accountancy, Business, and Management

Research Associate, Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
Cebu City, Philippines
surbanvergie@gmail.com

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 About the Authors

NONIEL JOHN VASQUEZ – ERNO, LPT

He is a native from Inolinan, San Ricardo, Southern Leyte where he spent his
childhood years. He then graduated as class Valedictorian from San Ricardo National High
School and received numerous awards. He is a graduate from University of Cebu – Banilad
Campus conferred with a degree of Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) major in
English in 2014. At the early age of 17, he started teaching in the same university as
National Service Training Program – Civic Welfare Training Service (NSTP-CWTS)
facilitator to college freshmen students. After a year of teaching, he was promoted as NSTP-
CWTS mentor handling both facilitators and students for 6 years. While in college, he
became the first editor-in-chief of the university’s first school paper called The Thumb. He
also became an active debater where he was hailed as one of the university’s best debaters.
Additionally, he was appointed as a student-adviser of the Educators’ Society, a student
organization of the College of Teacher Education of University of Cebu - Banilad.
Prior to his teaching in the formal education, he taught Test of English for
International Communication (TOIEC), International English Language Testing System
(IELTS), Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), and English as Second Language
(ESL) to foreign multi-national students in reading, writing, and speaking skills in Cebu
Pelis Institute Inc. from 2014 – 2016.
Currently, he heads the Languages Department as Coordinator supervising both
Filipino and English teachers of Senior High School Department of University of Cebu –
Banilad Campus. He has taught Research subjects to senior high school students and has
been a speaker in various research seminars and workshops in the university. He has
published a scholarly article in international journal entitled “ERNO Model of Educational
Lesson Planning: An Outcome-Based Education (OBE) Aligned Approach”. He is a
candidate of the degree, Master of Arts in Education major in English Language and
Literature Teaching (MAED-ELLT) at Cebu Technological University – Main Campus
(CTU). Lastly, he is a regular member of the Asian Qualitative Research Association
(AQRA), an internationally renowned qualitative research association in Asia.

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 BEE JAY D. OLITRES, LPT

He is a consistent honor student since Grade-1 until college. He graduated in

Elementary (3rd Honors), in High School (Valedictorian) and in college (Cum Laude). He
is a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education specializing in Languages and
Literature from the University of Cebu - Lapulapu and Mandaue (UCLM). He already
completed the academic requirement (CAR) for the degree of Master of Arts in Education
major in English Language Teaching (ELT) and passed the comprehensive exam from the
Cebu Normal University (CNU). Prior to graduation in the undergraduate, he holds various
academic distinctions in the field of academics both within the school as well as inter-
university competition such as Top 1 (MET Review Center 2015) Mock Board Exam. He
also holds various positions in the undergraduate school such as Sports Editor (FOCUS
Publications), President (The Stylus-Literary Club), News writer (FOCUS Publications),
Deputy Secretary (Academic Scholar’s League), Representative (Society of Future
Educators and Administrators/SOFEA), and Representative of Guild of English
Majors/GEMS.

Currently, he is a faculty of the Senior High School Department of the University of

Cebu - Banilad Campus where he taught research subjects. More so, he is currently the
Program Research Coordinator (PRC) of the Senior High School Department in the same
university. Ultimately, he is a regular member of the Asian Qualitative Research
Association (AQRA), the only international renowned qualitative research association in
Asia and Asian Society for Teachers of Research (ASTR).

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