Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, like plants and animals.

Unlike plants, they don't

perform photosynthesis and they have chitin, a derivative of glucose, in their cell
walls. Like animals, fungi are heterotrophs, which means they get their nutrients
by absorbing them.

Although most people think one difference between animals and fungi is that
fungi are immobile, some fungi are motile. The real difference is that fungi
contain a molecule called beta-glucan, a type of fiber, in their cell walls.

While all fungi share some common characteristics, they can be broken into
groups. However, scientists who study fungi (mycologists) disagree on the best
taxonomic structure. A simple layman's classification is to divide them into
mushrooms, yeast, and molds. Scientists tend to recognize seven subkingdoms or
phyla of fungi.

In the past, fungi were classified according to their physiology, shape, and color.
Modern systems rely on molecular genetics and reproductive strategies to group
them. Keep in mind that the following phyla aren't set in stone. Mycologists even
disagree

1. Phylum Ascomycota
The largest phylum of fungi is Ascomycota. These fungi are called ascomycetes,
or sac fungi because their meiotic spores (ascospores) are found in a sac called an
ascus. This phylum includes unicellular yeasts, lichens, molds, truffles, numerous
filamentous fungi, and a few mushrooms. This phylum contributes fungi used to
make beer, bread, cheese, and medicines. Examples
include Aspergillus and Penicillium.

2. Phylum Basidiomycota
The club fungi, or basidiomycetes, belonging to the
phylum Basidiomycota produce basidiospores on club-shaped structures called
basidia. The phylum includes most common mushrooms, smut fungi, and rust.
Many grain pathogens belong to this phylum. Cryptococcus neoformans is an
opportunistic human parasite. Ustilago maydis is a maize pathogen.

Source
Stuart, S. N.; Chanson J. S.; et al. (2004). "Status and trends of amphibian
declines and extinctions worldwide." Science. 306 (5702): 1783–1786.

3, Phylum Blastocladiomycota
 Members of the phylum Blastocladiomycota are close relatives to the
chytrids. In fact, they were considered to belong to the phylum before molecular
data led them to become separate. Blastocladiomycetes are saprotrophs that feed
on decomposing organic material, such as pollen and chitin. Some are parasites
of other eukaryotes. While the chytrids are capable of zygotic meiosis, the
blastocladiomycetes perform sporic meiosis. Members of the phylum
display alternation of generations.

Examples are Allomyces macrogynus, Blastocladiella emersonii,

and Physoderma maydis.

4. Phylum Glomeromycota
All fungi belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota reproduce asexually. These
organisms form a symbiotic relationship with plants where the hyphae of the
fungus interact with plant root cells. The relationships allow the plant and fungus
to received more nutrients.

A good example of this phylum is black bread mold, Rhizopus stolonifer.

5. Phylum Microsporidia