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Curriculum and Syllabus of BS(H) Mathematics
CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

BS (H) IN MATHEMATICS UNDER
SEMESTER SYSTEM
(Only for Spring-2019)
IMPORTANT:-
All private affiliated colleges will follow the following scheme of study for SPRING 2019.
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY,
FAISALABAD
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IMPORTANT:-
BS-Mathematics (Semester-II)
No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

1 MTH-302 Calculus-II 3(3-0)
2 MTH-304 Linear Algebra and Its Applications 3(3-0)
3 STA-323 Introduction to Statistical Theory-II 3(3-0)
4 PHY-324 Introduction to Heat and Thermodynamics 3(2-1)
5 ENG-322 English Comprehension and Composition 3(3-0)
6 PST-321 Pakistan Studies 2(2-0)
Total 17
BS-Mathematics (Semester-IV)

1 MTH-402 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 3(3-0)
2 MTH-404 Mechanics-II 3(3-0)
3 MTH-406 Differential Equations-II 3(3-0)
4 MTH-408 Combinatorics 3(3-0)
5 MTH-410 C++ 3(2-1)
6 PSY-422 Introduction to Psychology 3(3-0)
Total 18
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BS-Mathematics (Semester-VI)

1 MTH-502 Real Analysis II 3(3-0)
2 MTH-504 Differential Geometry 3(3-0)
3 MTH-506 Mechanics 3(3-0)
4 MTH-508 Algebra II 3(3-0)
5 MTH-510 Functional Analysis 3(3-0)
6 MTH-512 Numerical Analysis I 3(3-0)
Total 18
BS-Mathematics (Semester-VIII)

Pure Mathematics
1 MTH-612 Numerical Analysis-II 4(4-0)
2 MTH-602 Measure Theory 4(4-0)
3 MTH-604 Advanced Functional Analysis 4(4-0)
4 MTH-608 Theory of Numbers 4(4-0)
Total 16
Applied Mathematics
2 MTH-618 Fluid Mechanics-II 4(4-0)
3 MTH-620 Partial Differential Equations 4(4-0)
4 MTH-610 Mathematical Statistics-II 4(4-0)
Total 16
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BS-Mathematics (Semester-II)

1 MTH-302 Calculus-II 3(3-0)
2 MTH-304 Linear Algebra and Its Applications 3(3-0)
3 STA-323 Introduction to Statistical Theory-II 3(3-0)
4 PHY-324 Introduction to Heat and Thermodynamics 3(2-1)
5 ENG-322 English Comprehension and Composition 3(3-0)
6 PST-321 Pakistan Studies 2(2-0)
Total 17
Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks
MTH-302 Calculus II 3(3-0) 60
Integration: Anti derivatives and integrals. Riemann sums and the definite integral. Properties of
Integral.The fundamental theorem of calculus.
Techniques of integration: Integrals of elementary, hyperbolic, trigonometric, logarithmic and
exponential functions. Integration by parts, substitution and partial fractions.Approximate
integration.Improper integrals. Gamma functions.
Applications of integrals: Area between curves, average value. Volumes.Arc length.Area of a surface of
revolution.Applications to Economics, Physics, Engineering and Biology.
Infinite series: Sequences and series. Convergence and absolute convergence. Tests for convergence:
divergence test, integral test, p-series test, comparison test, limit comparison test, alternating series test,
ratio test, root test. Power series.Convergence of power series.Representation of functions as power
series.Differentiation and integration of power series.Taylor and Maclaurin series.Approximations by
Taylor polynomials.
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Conic section, parameterized curves and polar coordinates: Curves defined by parametric equations.
Calculus with parametric curves: tangents, areas, arc length. Polar coordinates. Polar curves, tangents to
polar curves. Areas and arc length in polar coordinates.
Recommended Books:
1. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus (10th ed.), John Wiley &Sons, 2012.
2. J. R. Hass, C. E. Heil, M. D. Weir, Thomas’s Calculus (14th ed.), Pearson, 2017.
3. D. Hughes-Hallett, A. M. Gleason, W. G. McCallum et al. Calculus: Single Variable (6th ed.),
Wiley, 2012.
4. J. Stewart, Calculus (8th ed.), Cengage Learning, Boston, 2012.
5. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus with Analytic Geometry (6th ed.), PWS-Kent Publishing Company,
1994.
MTH-304 Linear Algebra and Its Applications 3(3-0) 60
Basic concepts of matrices.Types of matrices.Algebraic properties of matrices.Row and column

operations on matrices. Echelon and reduce echelon form of matrices. Rank of a matrix.
Definition and properties of determinants.Minor and cofactor.Inverse of a matrix.Singular and non-
singular matrices.Basic structure of system of linear equations.Method to solve system of linear equations
(Gauss Jordan method, Gauss elimination method). Consistency of system of linear equations.Non-trivial
solution of system of homogeneous linear equations.
Recommended Books:
1. Anton, H., Rorres, C., Elementary Linear Algebra: Applications Version (10th edition), John
Wiley & Sons, 2010.
2. Kolman, B., Hill, D. R., Introductory Linear Algebra (8th edition), Pearson Education India, 2008.
3. Lay, D. C., Linear Algebra and Its Applications (3rd edition), Pearson Education India, 2002.
4. Lipschutz, S., Lipson, M., Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Linear Algebra (3rd
edition), Erlangga, 2001
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STA-323 Introduction to Statistical Theory-II 3(3-0) 60
Introduction of Simple Linear Regression. Scatter Diagram. Simple Linear Regression

Model.Assumptions of Linear regression model.Least Squares Estimators.Properties of the Least Square
Regression Line.Standard Errors of Estimates.
Correlation, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with its application in daily
life.Properties of Correlation Coefficient, Coefficient of Determination, Correlation Coefficient for group
data. Rank Correlation and its properties. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient and its derivation.
Tied ranks.
Multiple Linear Regression with two Regressors, Coefficient of Multiple Determination, Standard Error
of Estimate.Coefficient of Partial and Multiple Correlations.Relation between Partial and Multiple
Correlation Coefficients.
Curve Fitting by Method of Least Squares.Fitting a straight line, fitting of a Second and third degree
Parabola, Change of Origin and Unit, Exponential Curves, Criteria for a Suitable Curve, Finding
Plausible Values by LS Method.
Recommended Books:
1. T.H. Wonnacott, R.J.Wannacott, Introductory Statistics. John Wily & Sons. New York, 1990.
2. R.E. Walpole, Introduction to Statistics. Macmillan Publishing Company, 2001
3. M. Rauf,Polymers Modern Statistics. Polymer Publication, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, 2001.
4. S.M. Chaudhray, S. Kamal, Introduction to Statistical Theory. IlmiKitabKhana, Urdu Bazar,
Lahore, 2002.
PHY-324 Introduction to Heat and 3(2-1) 60

Thermodynamics
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Kinetic theory of the ideal gas; work done on an ideal gas, material energy of an ideal gas, intermolecular
forces. Statistical mechanics, statistical distribution and mean values, distribution molecular speeds,
distribution of energies, Brownian motion. Heat, different theories of heat, specific heat, gram molecular
specific heat, laws of thermodynamics. Zeroth law, first law, second law, third law of thermodynamics,
reversible and irreversible processes, indicator diagram, entropy, law of thermodynamics, reversible and
irreversible processes, indicator diagram, entropy law of increase of entropy, temperature-entropy
diagram. Maxwell’s thermodynamics relations, TDS equations, Clapeyron’s equation, entropy and second
law of thermodynamics. Temperature scale, entropy, low temperature physics. Thermoelectricity,
Seabeck effect, Peltier effect, thermocouple.
1. The determination of wavelength of light by Diffraction grating.
2. Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output without and with a capacitor filter.
3. Design a Half-wave rectifier and study its output without and with a capacitor filter.
4. To study characteristics of NOT, AND, NOR, NOR, NAND and XOR and verify their truth
table.
Recommended Books:
1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011, Fundamental Physics, 9th Ed, John Wiley and Sons
Inc. New York.
2. Halliday, Resnick and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I & II, 5th Ed, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
New York.
3. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000, University Physics, 8th Ed, Addison-Wesley. Reading
(MA) USA.
ENG-322 English Comprehension and Composition 3(3-0) 60
English Comprehension and Composition
1 Reading Comprehension
 Identify Main Idea/Topic Sentence
 Find Specific Information quickly
 Recognize and Interpret Cohesive Devices
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 Distinguish Between Fact and Opinion
 Skimming and scanning
 Notes taking techniques
Analyzing paragraph structure
Identifying the writer’s intent such as cause effect, reasons, comparison and contrast, exemplification.
 Interpreting charts and diagrams
Making appropriate notes using strategies such as mind maps, tables, lists, lists, graphs.
2. Enhancing Vocabulary Through Reading
3. General Study Skills Like Time Management, Finding Learning Style, Developing Reading Keys And
Systems
4. Getting organized and knowing one’s target
5. Dictionary skills
6. Using the library
7. Remembering and learning
8. Techniques for reading
9. Critical thinking
10. Tackling a book
Recommended Books:
1. Wallace Catherine: Study Skills: CUP
2. Yorky R.: Study Skills.
3. Smazler. : Write to be Read: reading, reflection and writing. CUP
4. Wallace, M. 1980 Study Skills in English. CUP
5. Langan, J. 1981 English Skills McGraw Hill Book Co.
6. McWhorter, K.T. 1983 College Reading and Study Skills Little Brown & Co.
7. O’Brien & Jordan. 1985 Developing Reference Skills Collins
8. Price-Machado, D. 1998 Skills for Success. CUP
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PST-321 Pakistan Studies 2(2-0) 40
Regeneration of Muslim Society in sub-continent and causes of decline of Muslim Rule.

War of Independence 1857 and its impacts upon the politics of South Asia.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Aligarh Movement:
Educational Services
Political Services
Rational Interpretation of Islam
All India Muslim League:
Multiple approaches and causes of the formation of Muslim League.
Objectives of the party.
Comparison of the policies of All Indian National congress and All India
Muslim League.
Politics of Muslim League after the creation of Pakistan
Luckhnow Pact 1916, high water mark of Hindu-Muslim Unity.
Khilafat Movement:
Khilafat as an institution.
Hindu-Muslim Unity.
Role of Gandhi
Emergence of Muslim Ulma in Indian politics.
Causes of the failure and impacts of the movement.
Iqbal’s Address at Allahabad 1930 and political thoughts of Ch. Rehmat Ali.
Congress Ministries.
Pakistan Resolution 1940.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah:
Jinnah’s role in Indian politician.
As a governor General
Initial problems and constitutional development in Pakistan.
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The study of constitutions of Pakistan (1956-1962-1973)
Political culture of Pakistan.
Foreign Policy of Pakistan:
Major determinants and objectives
Overview.
Recommended Books:
1. K.B.Saeed, Pakistan the Formative Phase.
2. I.H.Qureshi,Struggle for Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford, 1995.
3. S. Mahmood,Pakistan Political Roots and Development, 1947-1999, Karachi, Oxford,
2000.
4. M.R. Afzal, Political Parties in Pakistan1947-1958, Islamabad, NIHCR, 2002.
5. Choudhry, G.W.Constitutional Development in Pakistan, London, second Edition, 1969.
6. Ali, Ch. Muhammad, The Emergence of Pakistan, Lahore, 1973.
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BS-Mathematics (Semester-IV)

1 MTH-402 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 3(3-0)
2 MTH-404 Mechanics-II 3(3-0)
3 MTH-406 Differential Equations-II 3(3-0)
4 MTH-408 Combinatorics 3(3-0)
5 MTH-410 C++ 3(2-1)
6 PSY-422 Introduction to Psychology 3(3-0)
Total 18
MTH-402 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 3(3-0) 60
Vector spaces and affine geometry: Collinearity of three points, ratioAB/BC. Linear combinations and
linear dependent set versus affine combinations and affine dependent sets. Classical theorems in affine
geometry: Thales, Menelaus, Ceva, Desargues. Affine subspaces,affine maps. Dimension of a linear
subspace and of an affine subspace.
Euclidean geometry: Scalar product, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality: norm of a vector, distance between
two points, angles between twonon-zero vectors. Pythagoras theorem, parallelogram law, cosine andesine
rules. Elementary geometric loci.
Orthogonal transformations: Isometries of plane (four types),Isometries of space (six types).
Orthogonal bases.
Platonic polyhedra: Euler theorem on finite planar graphs.Classification of regular polyhedra in space.
Isometries of regularpolygons and regular polyhedra.
Recommended Books:
1. E. Rees, Notes on Geometry, Springer, 2004.
2. M. A. Armstrong, Groups and Symmetry, Springer, 1998.
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3. H. Eves, Fundamentals of Modern Elementary Geometry, Jones and Bartlett Publishers
International, 1992
4. S. Stahl, The Poincare Half-Plane a Gateway to Modern Geometry, Jones and Bartlett Publishers
International, 1993
.
MTH-404 Mechanics-II 3(3-0) 80
Velocity and Acceleration.Cartesian components of velocity and acceleration.Tangential and Normal

Components of Velocity and Acceleration.Transverse and Radial Components of Velocity and
Acceleration.Motion with constant Acceleration.Motion with Variable Acceleration.Graphical
Methods.Motion of a Free Particle along the vertical Line, Simple Harmonic Motion.The Nature of
Simple Harmonic Motion.Geometrical Representation.Speed of the Projectile Parabola of Safety. Range
on the Inclined Plane. Maximum range on horizontal and Inclined Plane. Time Period, Maximum
Height.Motion under a Central Force. Elliptic Orbit Under a central force. Polar form of the orbit.Apse
and apsidal distance. Planetary orbits. Kepler’s Laws. Damped Harmonic Oscillator, Damped force
oscillations, Vertical motion with air Resistance
Recommended Books:
1. Synge & Griffith, Principles of Mechanics, McGraw Hill Book Company Inc., New
York.
2. D.T. Greenwood, Principles of Dynamics, Prentice Hall, Inc.
3. W. Huser, Introduction to Principles of Mechanics, Addison Wesley, New York.
4. R.A Becker, Introduction to Theoretical Mechanics, McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc.,
New York.
5. F. Chorlton, A Text Book of Dynamics.
6. K .L. Mir, Theoretical Mechanics, IlmiKitab Khan
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MTH-406 Differential Equations-II 3(3-0) 60
Power Series Solutions: Solutions About Ordinary Points, Power Series Solutions, Solutions About
Singular Points, Special Functions, Bessel’s Equation, Legendre’s Equation.
System of differential equations: Basic Theory of First Order Linear Systems, Systems of Two First
Order Linear Differential Equations, Homogeneous Linear Systems, Non-homogeneous Linear Systems,
Complex Eigenvalues, Repeated Eigenvalues, Introduction to Nonlinear Systems.
Laplace transforms: Definition of the Laplace Transform, Properties of the Laplace Transform, The
Inverse Laplace Transform, Solving Differential Equations with Laplace Transforms.
Sturm-Liouville systems: Introduction to SL-systems, Properties of SL-systems, Sturm–Liouville
Boundary Value Problems, Non-homogeneous Boundary Value Problems, Singular Sturm–Liouville
Problems.
Recommended Books:
1. Zill D G, Cullen M.R. Differential Equations with Boundary-Value Problems (3rd Edition), 1997,
PWS Publishing Co.
2. Muhammad Amin, Mathematical Methods,2007, IlmiKitabKhana Lahore.
3. Eisgolts L, Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations, 1970, Mir Publishers Moscow.
4. Simmons, G.F., Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes, Second Edition,
McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991.
5. Boyce, W. E. and DiPrima, R.C., Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value
Problems, Sixth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1997

MTH-408 Combinatorics 3(3-0) 60
To basic counting principles, Permutations, Combinations.The injective and bijective principles,

Arrangements and selections with repetitions.Graphs in Combinatorics.The Binomial theorem,
combinatorial identities. Properties of binomial coefficients, Multinomial coefficients, The multinomial
theorem. The Pigeonhole principle, Examples, Ramsay numbers, The principle of inclusion and
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exclusion, Generalization. Integer solutions.Surjective mapping, Stirling numbers of the second kind, The
Sieve of Eratostheries, Euler φ-function, The Problem des Manages. Ordinary Generating Functions,
Modeling problems. Partition of integers, Exponential generating functions. Linear homogeneous
recurrence relations, Algebraic solutions of linear recurrence relations and constant functions, The method
of generating functions, A non-linear recurrence relation and Catalpa numbers
Recommended Books:
1. A Tucker, Applied Combinatorics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2nd Edition, 1985.
2. C.C. Chen and K.M.Koh, Principles and Techniques in Combinatorics, World Scientific Pub. Co. Pte.
Ltd, Singapore. 1992.
3. V.K.Balakrishnan, Theory and Problems of Combunatorics, Schaum’s Outline Series, MeGraw-
Hill International Edition, Singapore, 1995.
4. C.L.Liu, Introduction to Combinatorial Mathematics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.
5. J.H. Van Ling & R.M. Wilson, A course on Combinatorics, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 2001.
MTH-410 C++ 3(2-1) 60
Introduction to operating systems, one language C++, building blocks, variables, input/output, loops
(FOR, WHILE, DO), decisions (IF, IF ELSE, ELSE IF) construct switch statement, conditional
statement, function hat returns a value using argument to pass data to another function, external variable,
arrays and strings, pointers, structure, files and introduction to object-oriented programming
Recommended Books:
1. Aho, A. V. and Ulman, J. D. (1995). Foundation of Computer Science. Computer Science Press,
WH Freeman, New York
2. Ein, J. L. Theory of Computation: An Introduction, 1st edition. Jones & Bartlett, Boston
3. Laffor. Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming. McGraw Hill, New York
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PSY-422 Introduction to Psychology 3(3-0) 60
Objectives
 To describe psychology with major areas in the field and identify the parameters of this
discipline.
 To distinguish between the major perspectives on human thought and behavior.
 To appreciate the variety of ways psychological data are gathered and evaluated.
 To gain insight into human behavior and into one’s own personality or personal relationships.
 To explore the ways that psychological theories are used to describe, understand, predict and
control or modify behavior
Course Contents
1. Introduction to psychology
a. Nature and application of Psychology with special reference to Pakistan.
b. Historical Background and Schools of Psychology
2. Methods of psychology
a. Observation
b. Case History Method, Experimental Method
c. Interviewing Techniques
3. Biological Basis of Behavior
a. Neuron: Structure and Functions
b. Central Nervous system &Peripheral Nervous System
c. Endocrine Glands
4. Sensation, Perception and Attention
a. Sensation
a. Characteristics and Major Functions of different Sensations
b. Vision: Structure and Function of the Eye.
c. Audition: Structure and Function of the Ear.
b. Perception
a. Nature of perception
b. Factors of perception: Subjective, Objective and Social.
c. Kinds of Perception
d. Spatial Perception (Perception of depth and distance)
e. Temporal Perception; Auditory Perception
c. Attention
a. Factors, Subjective and Objective
b. Span of Attention
c. Fluctuation of Attention
d. Distraction of Attention (Causes and Control)
Practicum:
Following experiments shall be performed by the students:
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 Color Zones of Retina
 Fluctuation in Attention
 Muller-Layer Illusion
 Perceptual Grouping
 Size Constancy
 Span of Attention
Books Recommended
1. Atkinson R. C. & Smith E. E. (2000). Introduction to psychology (13th Ed.). USA: Harcourt Brace
College Publishers.
2. Femald, L.D, &Femald, P. S. (2005). ). Introduction to psychology. USA: WMC Brown Publishers.
3. Glassman, W.E. (2000). Approaches to Psychology. Open university Press.
4. Hayes,N (2000). Foundation of Psychology (3rd Ed.). Thomson Learning.
5. Lahey, B.B (2004). Physchology: An Introduction (8th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.
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BS-Mathematics (Semester-VI)

2 MTH-504 Differential Geometry 3(3-0)
6 MTH-512 Numerical Analysis I 3(3-0)
Total 18

MTH-502 Real Analysis II 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals: Definition and existence of integrals. Properties of integrals.

Fundamental theorem of calculus and its applications. Change of variable theorem. Integration
by parts.
Functions of Bounded Variation: Definition and examples. Properties of functions of bounded
variation.
Improper Integrals: Types of improper integrals, tests for convergence of improper integrals.
Beta and gamma functions. Absolute and conditional convergence of improper integrals.
Sequences and Series of Functions: Power series, definition of point-wise and uniform
convergence. Uniform convergence and continuity. Uniform convergence and differentiation.
Examples of uniform convergence.
Recommended Books:
1. S. Lang, Analysis I, II, Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Reading, Massachusetts, 1968,1969.
2. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd Ed., Mc.Graw-Hill, 1976.
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3. K. R. Davidson and A. P. Donsig, Real Analysis with Real Applications, Prentice Hall Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, 2002.
4. G. B. Folland, Real Analysis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1999.
5. E. Hewitt and K. Stromberg, Real and Abstract Analysis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
New York, 1965.
6. H. L. Royden, Real Analysis, 3rd Edition, Macmillan, New York, 1988.
rd
7. G. Bartle , R. Sherbert , Introduction to Real Analysis, 3 edition, JohnWiley, New York,
1999.

MTH-504 Differential Geometry 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
The moving trihedron, Arc length; The osculating plane, Curvature and torsion of unit speed and
non-unit speed curves, Serret-Frenet formulae. Helices, Spherical indicatericies, Evolutes&
Involutes. Simple surface and coordinate patches. The tangent plane and the normal planes, the
first fundamental form and the metric, coordinate transformations. Surface curves: the angle
between two curves on a surface; Normal curvature Analysis and geodesic curvature, The second
fundamental form, Christoffel symbols. Gauss’s theorem Egregium. Mean and Gaussian
curvatures, Principal curvatures, Euler’s theorem, Dupin’sindicatericies. Weingarthen Map.
Guass-Codazzi equations.
Recommended Books:
1. R. Millman, and G. Parker. Elements of differential Geometry Prentice Hall Inc.
2. B., O’ Neill. Elementary Differential Geometry.
3. D.J. Struik. Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry Addison- Wesley.
4. A. Goetz, Introduction to Differential Geometry Addison- Wesley.
5. F. Chorlton. Vector and Tensor Methods Ellis Harwood.
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MTH-506 Mechanics 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Kinematics: Rectilinear motion of particles. Uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated
rectilinear motion. Curvilinear motion of particle, rectangular components of velocity and
acceleration. Tangential and normal components. Radial and transverse components. Projectile
motion.
Kinetics: Work, power, kinetic energy, conservative force fields. Conservation of energy,
impulse, torque. Conservation of linear and angular momentum. Non-conservative forces.
Simple Harmonic Motion: The simple harmonic oscillator, period, frequency. Resonance and
energy. The damped harmonic oscillator, over damped, critically damped and under damped.
Motion, forces and vibrations.
Central Forces and Planetary Motion: Central force fields, equations of motion, potential
energy, orbits. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Apsides and apsidal angles for nearly circular
orbits. Motion in an inverse square field.
Planer Motion of Rigid Bodies: Introduction to rigid and elastic bodies, degree of freedom,
translations, rotations, instantaneous axis and center of rotation, motion of the center of mass.
Euler’s theorem and Chasles’ theorem. Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis, moments and
products of inertia. Parallel and perpendicular axis theorem.
Motion of Rigid Bodies in Three Dimensions: General motion of rigid bodies in space. The
momental ellipsoid and equimomental systems. Angular momentum vector and rotational kinetic
energy. Principal axes and principal moments of inertia. Determination of principal axes by
diagonalizing the inertia matrix.
Euler Equations of Motion of a Rigid Body: Force free motion. Free rotation of a rigid body
with an axis of symmetry. Free rotation of a rigid body with three different principal moments.
The Eulerian angles, angular velocity and kinetic energy in terms of Euler angles. Motion of a
spinning top and gyroscopes-steady precession, sleeping top.
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Recommended Books:
1. E. DiBenedetto, Classical Mechanics. Theory and Mathematical Modeling, ISBN: 978-0-
8176-4526-7, Birkhauser Boston, 2011.
2. John R. Taylor, Classical Mechanics, ISBN: 978-1-891389-22-1, University of Colorado,
2005.
3. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1980.
4. C. F. Chorlton, Text Book of Dynamics, Ellis Horwood, 1983.
5. M. R. Spiegel, Theoretical Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,
2004.
6. G. R. Fowles and G. L. Cassiday, Analytical Mechanics, 7th edition, Thomson Brooks/COLE,
USA, 2005.

MTH-508 Algebra II 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Rings: Review of basic definition of Rings. Definition, examples. The Hamilton quaternions.
Polynomial rings. Quotient rings. Ring homomorphism. The isomorphism theorems,
applications. Finitely generated ideals. Rings of fractions.
Integral Domain: The Chinese remainder theorem. Divisibility in integral domains, greatest
common divisor, least common multiple. Euclidean domains. The Euclidean algorithm. Principal
ideal domains. Prime and irreducible elements in an integral domain. Gauss lemma, irreducibility
criteria for polynomials. Unique factorization domains. Finite fields. Polynomials in several
variables. Symmetric polynomials. The fundamental theorem of symmetric polynomials.
Recommended Books:
1. J. Rose, A Course on Group Theory, CambridgeUniversity Press, 1978.
2. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Xerox Publishing Company, 1964.
3. P. M. Cohn, Algebra, John Wiley and Sons, London, 1974.
4. P. B. Bhattacharya, S. K. Jain and S. R. Nagpaul, Basic Abstract Algebra, Cambridge
University Press, 1986.
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5. J. B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,
2002.
7. VivekSahai and VikasBist, Algebra, Narosa Publishing House, 1999.
8. D. S. Dummit and R. M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, 2004.

MTH-510 Functional Analysis 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Metric Space: Review of metric spaces, Convergence in metric spaces, Complete metric spaces,
Dense sets and separable spaces, No-where dense sets, Baire category theorem.
Normed Spaces: Normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, Equivalent norms, Linear operator,
Finite dimensional normed spaces, Continuous and bounded linear operators, Dual spaces.
Inner Product Spaces: Definition and examples, Orthonormal sets and bases, Annihilators,
projections, Linear functionals on Hilbert spaces. Reflexivity of Hilbert spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. A. V. Balakrishnan, Applied Functional Analysis, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1981.
2. J. B. Conway, A Course in Functional Analysis, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997.
3. K. Yosida, Functional Analysis, 5th ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995.
4. E. Kreyszig, Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley and Sons,
2004.

MTH-512 Numerical Analysis I 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Error analysis: Floating point arithmetic, approximations and errors.
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Methods for the solution of nonlinear equations: Bisection method, regula-falsi method, fixed
point iteration method, Newton-Raphson method, secant method, error analysis for iterative
methods.
Interpolation and polynomial approximation: Lagrange interpolation, Newton’s divided
difference formula, forward, backward and centered difference formulae, interpolation with a
cubic spline, Hermite interpolation, least squares approximation.
Numerical differentiation: Forward, backward and central difference formulae, Richardson’s
extrapolation.
Numerical solution of a system of linear equations: Direct methods: Gaussian elimination
method, Gauss-Jordan method; matrix inversion; LU-factorization; Doolittle’s, Crout’s and
Cholesky’s methods, Iterative methods: Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and SOR.
The use of software packages/programming languages for above mentioned topics is
recommended.
Recommended Books:
1. C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education, Singapore,
2005.
2. R. L. Burden and J. D. Faires: Numerical Analysis, latest edition, PWS Pub. Co.
3. J.H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics, latest Edition, Prentice Hall International.
4. S. C. Chapra and R. P. Canale: Numerical Methods for Engineers, 6th edition, McGraw Hill.
5. W. E. Boyce, R. C. DiPrima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value
Problems, John Wiley \& Sons, Inc., 2001.
6. L. Debnath, Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers,
Birkhauser-Boston, 2005.
7. Alexander Komech, Andrew Komech, Principles of Partial Differential Equations, Springer-
New York, 2009.
8. H. Richard, Elementary Applied Partial Differential
Equations, Prentice-Hall International, Inc., London 1987.
9. Weinberger, Hans F., A First Course in Partial Differential Equations with Complex
Variables and Transform Methods, Dover Publications, Inc., 1995.
10. R. Kent Nagle, Edward B. Saff, Arthur David Snider, Fundamentals of Differential
Equations, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 2000.
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23 | P a g e
BS-Mathematics (Semester-VIII)

Pure Mathematics
3 MTH-604 Advanced Functional Analysis 4(4-0)
4 MTH-608 Theory of Numbers 4(4-0)
Total 16
Applied Mathematics
3 MTH-620 Partial Differential Equations 4(4-0)
4 MTH-610 Mathematical Statistics-II 4(4-0)
Total 16

MTH-612 Numerical Analysis-II 4(4-0) 80
Course Outline:
Methods of least squares, Numerical Integration for equally spaced data, Newton
cotes formula and its special cases e.g. Trapezoidal Rule Simson’s Rules, Gaussian
quadrature using a system of orthogonal, Polynomials (Legender and
LaguerePloynomials, Numerical Differentiation, Difference Equations, Differential
Equations, Euler’s Method, Improved Euler’s Methods. Mid-point Formula, Heun’s
Method.
Books Recommended:
1. Johnson L., and Dean, R.; Numerical Analysis, Addison Wesley.
24 | P a g e
2. James, M.L., Smith, G.M. &Woford, J.C., Applied Numerical Methods for Digital
Computation, Harper and Row, Publications.
3. Ralston, A & Philips, R.A. First Course in Numerical Analysis, McGraw Hill.
4. Froeberg , C.E. Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Addison Wesley.
5. Scarborough , J.B., Numerical Mathematical Analysis , John Hopkins Press.
6. M. Iqbal, Numerical Analysis, National Book Foundation.
7. J.H. Wilkinson, Eigenvalue Problems, OxfordUniversity Press.
8. Aitkinson , Elementary Numerical Analysis.

MTH-618 Fluid Mechanics -II 4(4-0) 80
Course Outline:
Vortex motion, Line Vortex, Vortex row Image System, Kelvin’s minimum
energy theorem, Uniqueness theorem, Fluid streaming past a circular cylinder, Irrational
motion produced by a vortex filament. The Helmholtz vorticity equation, Karman’s
vortex-street.
Constitutive equations; Navier-Stoke’s equations; Exact solution of Navier-
Stoke’s equations; Steady unidirectional flow; Poiseuille flow; Couette flow; Unsteady
undirectional flow, Sudden motion of a plane boundary in a fluid at rest; Flow due to an
oscillatory boundary; Equations of motion relative to a rotating system; Ekman flow;
Dynamical similarity of turbulent motion.
Books Recommended:
1. L.D. Landan & E. M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics, Pergamon Press, 1966.
2. Batchelor, G.K. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press,

1969.
3. Walter Jaunzemis, Continuum Mechanics, McMillan Company, 1967.
25 | P a g e
4. Milne-Thomas, Theoretical Hydrodynamics, McMillan Company, 1967.
5. D. J Tritton, Physical Fluid Dynamics 2nd edition Oxford.

MTH-620 Partial Differential Equations 4(4-0) 80
Course Outline:
Basic Concepts and Definitions, Formation and Classification of partial

differential equations (PDEs). Partial differential equations of the first order. Nonlinear
PDEs of first order. Applications of first order PDEs. Partial differential equations of
second order: Mathematical formation of heat, Laplace and wave equations.
Classification of second order PDEs. Boundary and initial conditions. Characteristics.
Method of Characteristics. Reduction to various Canonical (Normal) forms. And the
general solutions of PDEs. Methods of separation of variables (Product Method) for
solving PDEs like elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic equations. The Cauchy Problem.
Cauchy’s Problem for hyperbolic system in two independent variables with application to
wave equations. Laplace, Fourier and Hankel transform for the solution of PDEs and
their application to boundary value problems.
Recommended Books:
1. E.I. Butkov, Mathematical Physics, Addison-Wesley.

2. H. Sagan, Boundary and Eigenvalue Problems in Mathematical Physics.
3. My-Tung &Debnath, Partial Differential Equations.
4. G. Arken, Mathematical Methods for Physics, Academic Press.
5. I. Stakgold, Boundary Value Problems of Mathematical Physics, Vol. I, II
Macmillan.
6. Sneddon, I.N., Elements of Partial Differential Equations, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1987.
26 | P a g e
7. Dennemyer, R., Introduction to Partial Differential Equations and Boundary
Value Problems, MeGraw-Hill Book Company,1968.
8. Himi, M andMillerl, W.B., Boundary Value Problems and Partial Differential
equations PWS-Kent Publishing Company, Boston, 1992.
9. Chester, C. R., Techniques in Partial Differential equations MeGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1971.
10. Haberman, R., Elementary Applied Partial Differential Equations, Prentice Hall,
Inc. New Jersey, 1983.
11. Zauderer E., Partial differential Equations of Applied Mathematics, John Wiley &
Sons, Englewood Cliff, New York, 1983
12. J. D. Logan, Partial Differential Equations, Second Edition, Springer-Verlag,
2004

MTH-610 Mathematical Statistics- II 4(4-0) 80
Course Outline:
Statistical inference. Maximum likelihood estimators. Properties of maximum
likelihood estimators. Sufficient statistics. Jointly sufficient statistics. Minimal sufficient
statistics. The sampling distribution of a statistic. The Chi square distribution. Joint
distribution of the sample mean and sample variance. The t distribution. Confidence
intervals. Unbiased estimators. Fisher information. Testing simple hypotheses. Uniformly
most powerful tests. The t test. The F distribution. Comparing the means of two normal
distributions. Tests of goodness of fit. Contingency tables. Equivalence of confidence sets
and tests. Kolmogorov- Smirnov tests. The Wilcoxon Signed-ranks tests. The Wilcoxon-
Mann-Whitney Ranks test.
Books Recommended:
27 | P a g e
1. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. Boes, D.C. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics,
(2nd edition), McGraw-Hill Book Company New York ,1986.
2. Degroot, M.H. Probability and Statistics, (2nd edition) Addison Wesley
Company New York 1986.
3. Walpole-Myers. Myers. Ye Probability and Statistics (7th edition)
4. K. V. Mardia, Kent, J. T. Bibby, J. M. Multivariate Analysis Academic Press
New York 1979.
5. Allen. T Craig, Robert V. Hogg, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics 5th
edition publish by Pearson education Singapore (Pvt) Ltd
MTH-602 Measure Theory 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Introduction, outer measure, Measurable sets and Lebesgue measure. A non-measurable set. Measurable
function, the Lebesgue integral and the Riemann integral, the Lebesgue integral of a bounded function
over a set of finite measure, The integral of a non-negative function. The general Lebesgue integral.
Convergence in measure.
Recommended Books:
1. G. B. Folland, (2013). Real analysis: modern techniques and their applications. John Wiley
& Sons.
2. R. L. Wheeden, A. Zygmund (2015). Measure and integral: an introduction to real
Analysis(Vol. 308). CRC Press.
3. P.R. Halmos, Naïve Set Theory, New York, Van Nostrand.
4. B.Rotman& G.T. Kneebone, The Theory of Sets and Transfinite Numbers, Old bourne
London.
28 | P a g e
MTH-604 Advanced Functional Analysis 4(4-0) 80
Course Outline:
Hahn-Banach theorem, adjoint operator, uniform boundedness theorem, strong

and weak convergence, convergence of sequences of operators and functional, open
mapping theorem, closed graph theorem, Banach fixed point theorem and its applications,
spectral theory in finite dimensional normed spaces, spectral properties of bounded linear
operators, compact linear operators and their properties, spectral properties of compact
linear operators on normed spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. E. Kreyszig, Introductory Analysis with Applications, John Wiley, 1978.
2. J Maddox, Elements of Functional Analysis, Cambridge ,1970.
3. W. Rudin, Functional Analysis, McGraw-Hill. N.Y.1983.
4. N. L. Carothers, Banach Space Theory, Cambridge University Press, 2004.

MTH-608 Theory of Numbers 4(4-0) 80
Course Outline:
Algebraic Numbers and integers, Units and Primes in R(v). Ideals. Arithmetic of
Ideals congruence. The norm of Ideal. Prime Ideals. Units of Algebraic number field.
Application to Rational Number Theory: Equivalence and class number. Cyclotomic field
K Fermat’s equation. Kummer’s theorem, the q equation X2 + 2=Y3,pure cubic fields.
Distribution of Primes and Riemann Zets function, the prime number theorem.
29 | P a g e
Books Recommended:
1. W.J. Leveque, Topics in Number Theory, Vol. I and II Addison-Wesley Publishing
Co, 1956.
2. ShaileshShirali, C. S Yogananda, Number theory Universities press.
3. Steven Miller RaminTakloo-Bighash, An Introduction to modern Number Theory

Publishing Princeton
4. Neville Robbins, Beginning Number Theory (2nd edition), Jones and Bartlett.
30 | P a g e
Curriculum and Syllabus of MSc Mathematics
CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

MSc IN MATHEMATICS UNDER
SEMESTER SYSTEM
(Only for Spring-2019)
IMPORTANT:-
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY,
FAISALABAD
31 | P a g e
IMPORTANT:-
MSc-Mathematics (Semester-II)
2 MTH-554 Complex Analysis II 3(3-0)
6 MTH-562 Mathematical Methods 3(3-0)
Total 18
MSc-Mathematics (Semester-IV)
Pure Mathematics
2 MTH-654 Computing Tools for Mathematics 3(2-1)
3 MTH-656 Mathematical Statistics 3(3-0)
4 MTH-672 Advanced Group Theory-II 3(3-0)
6 MTH-678 Rings and Fields 3(3-0)
Total 18
Applied Mathematics
4 MTH-658 Theory of Optimization 3(3-0)
6 MTH-664 Special Functions 3(3-0)
32 | P a g e
Total 18
MSc-Mathematics (Semester-II)

2 MTH-554 Complex Analysis II 3(3-0)
6 MTH-562 Mathematical Methods 3(3-0)
Total 18

MTH-552 Real Analysis II 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals: Definition and existence of integrals. Properties ofintegrals.
Fundamental theorem of calculus and its applications. Change of variabletheorem. Integration by
parts.
Functions of Bounded Variation: Definition and examples. Properties of functionsof bounded
variation.
Improper Integrals: Types of improper integrals. Tests for convergence of improperintegrals.
Beta and gamma functions. Absolute and conditional convergence ofimproper integrals.
Sequences and Series of Functions: Definitions and examples of point-wise and uniform
convergence. Uniform convergence and continuity.Uniform convergence and
integration.Uniform convergence and differentiation.Series of functions. The WeierstrassM-test,
Power series.
Recommended Books:
33 | P a g e
1. R. G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis (4th Ed.), John Wiley, New York,
2011.
2. N. L. Carothers, RealAnalysis, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2000.
3. K. R. Davidson and A. P. Donsig, Real Analysis with Applications: Theory in Practice, Springer-
Verlag, New York, 2010.
4. E. Fischer, Intermediate Real Analysis, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982.
5. S. R. Ghorpade and B. V. Limaye, A First Course in Calculus and Real Analysis, Springer-
Verlag, New York, 2006.
6. S. G. Krantz, Real and Foundations (2nd Ed.), Chapman & Hall/CRC, New York, 2005.
7. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, (3rd Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1976.
8. M. H. Protter and C. B. Morrey, A First Course in Real Analysis (2nd Ed.), Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1991.
MTH-554 Complex Analysis II 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Properties of Analytic Functions: The argument principle and Rouche’s theorem. The local
mapping.The maximum principle.Schwarz’s lemma. Harmonic functions: maximum principle,
Poisson’s formula.
Infinite Sums and Products: Analyticity at ∞. Polynomials. Rational functions. Meromorphic
functions. The Mittag-Leffler theorem.Weierstrass’s factorization theorem.Infinite products of
numbers and functions.Uniform convergence.Canonical products. The genus and order of entire
functions.The Gamma functions: infinite product and integral representations.
Conformal Mappings: Properties of simple mappings: powers, the bilinear map. The Riemann
mapping theorem. The Schwarz reflection principle. Mapping of Polygons: Schwartz-Christoffel
theorem.Elliptic integrals.
Analytic Continuation:Standard procedure of analytic continuation.Continuation along arcs.
Points of continuation and the natural boundary of analytic functions.The monodromy
theorem.Picard’s theorem.
34 | P a g e
Elliptic Functions: Periodic functions. Elliptic functions and its properties.Weierstrass
functions. Elliptic functions in terms of Weierstrass functions with the same periods.Quasi
periodic functions: the zeta and sigma functions of Weierstrass. Jacobian elliptic function and its
properties.
Recommended Books:
1. L. Ahlfors, Complex Analysis (3rd Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.

2. J. W. Brown and R. V. Churchill, Complex Variables and Applications (9th Ed.),McGraw-Hill,
New York, 2013.
3. J. B. Conway, Functions of One Complex Variable I, Springer, 1978.
4. W. Kaplan, Introduction to Analytic Functions, Addison-Wesley, 1966.
5. Z. Nehari, Conformal Mapping, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1952.
6. S. Ponnusamy, H. Silverman, Complex Variables with Applications,Birkhäuser, 2006.
7. E. D. Rainville, Special Functions, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1965.
8. R. Remmert, Theory of Complex Functions, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991.
9. R. Remmert, Classical Topics in Complex Function Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998.
MTH-556 Algebra-II 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Prerequisites: Basic definitions of sets, Functions and groups.

Vector space and it’s properties. Subspace and examples.Basis and dimension.Linear
transformations and related results.Algebra of linear transformations. Dual space and it’s
properties. Eigen values and Eigen vectors.Inner product space and related concepts. Definition
of a ring and it’s properties. Units and Zero divisors.Integral Domain.Ideal and sub-ring.Principal
Prime Maximal ideals.Quotient ring.
Recommended Books:
1. Fraleigh J. B., A First Course in Abstract Algebra (7th Edition), Pearson Education 2003
2. Gallian J. A., Contemporary Abstract Algebra (8th Ed.), Cengage Learning, India, 2013.
35 | P a g e
3. Khanna V. K., Bhambri S. K., A Course in Abstract Algebra (4th Edition), Vikas Publishing
House, India, 2006.
4. P.R, Halmos, Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces, Von Nostrand.
MTH-558 Mechanics 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Non Inertial Reference Systems.Accelerated coordinate systems and inertial forces.Rotating

coordinate systems. Velocity and acceleration in moving system: Coriolis. Centripetal and
transverse acceleration. Dynamics of a particle in a rotating coordinate system. Planar Motion of
Rigid Bodies
Kinetics: Work, power, kinetic energy, conservative force fields. Conservation of energy,
impulse, torque.Conservation of linear and angular momentum.Non-conservative forces.
Planer Motion of Rigid Bodies: Introduction to rigid and elastic bodies, degree of freedom,
translations, rotations, instantaneous axis and center of rotation, motion of the center of mass.
Euler’s theorem and Chasles’ theorem.Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis, moments and
products of inertia.Parallel and perpendicular axis theorem.
Motion of Rigid Bodies in Three Dimensions: General motion of rigid bodies in space. The
momental ellipsoid and equimomental systems. Angular momentum vector and rotational kinetic
energy. Principal axes and principal moments of inertia. Determination of principal axes by
diagonalizing the inertia matrix.
Euler Equations of Motion of a Rigid Body: Force free motion. Free rotation of a rigid body
with an axis of symmetry.Free rotation of a rigid body with three different principal moments.
The Eulerian angles, angular velocity and kinetic energy in terms of Euler angles. Motion of a
spinning top and gyroscopes-steady precession, sleeping top.
Recommended Books:
36 | P a g e
1. E. DiBenedetto, Classical Mechanics. Theory and Mathematical Modeling, ISBN: 978-0-8176-
4526-7, Birkhauser Boston, 2011.
2. John R. Taylor, Classical Mechanics, ISBN: 978-1-891389-22-1, University of Colorado, 2005.
3. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1980.
4. C. F. Chorlton, Text Book of Dynamics, Ellis Horwood, 1983.
5. M. R. Spiegel, Theoretical Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 2004.
6. G. R. Fowles and G. L. Cassiday, Analytical Mechanics, 7th edition, Thomson Brooks/COLE,
USA, 2005.
7. L. N. Hand and J. D. Finch, Analytical Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 1998
8. K .L. Mir, Theoretical Mechanics IlmiKitabKhana. 2004

MTH-560 Functional Analysis 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Metric Spaces: Metric spaces.Separable metric spaces.Complete metric spaces. Isometric metric
spaces.Completion of metric spaces.
Normed Spaces: Normed spaces. Banach spaces.Infinite series in normed spaces.Absolute
convergence.Schauder basis.Seminorms.Quotient normed spaces.Finite dimensional normed
spaces.Equivalent norms. Compact sets in normed spaces. Compactness and finite
dimension.Compactness and continuity.Bounded linear operators.Continuity and
boundedness.Bounded linear functionals.Linear operators and functionals on finite dimensional
normed spaces.Dual spaces.
Inner Product Spaces: Inner product spaces. Properties of inner product spaces. Hilbert
spaces.Completion of inner product spaces. Direct Sums. Orthogonal complements. Orthonormal
sets and sequences. Bessel inequality. Total orthonormal sets and sequences. Parseval
identity.Separable Hilbert spaces.Bounded linear functionals on Hilbert spaces.Hilbert-adjoint
operator.
Recommended Books:
1. J. B. Conway, A Course in Functional Analysis (2nd Ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.
2. Y. Eidelman, V. Milman, and A. Tsolomitis, Functional Analysis: An Introduction, American
Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island, 2004.
37 | P a g e
3. E. Kreyszig, Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New
York, 1989.
4. B. P. Rynn, and M. A. Youngson,Linear Functional Analysis(2nd Ed.), Springer-Verlag, London,
2008.
5. A. Torchinsky, Problems in Real and Functional Analysis, American Mathematical Society,
Providence, Rhode Island, 2015.
MTH-562 Mathematical Methods 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Basics of differential equations, linear homogeneous differentialequations of order n,

fundamental set of solutions, linearly dependent andindependent solutions, Wronskian
determinant, adjoint and self - adjoint equations,self - adjoint operator, symmetric operator,
Lagrange’s identity, Green’s identity, Eigenvalue problem, Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues,
self-adjoint Eigenvalueproblems, orthogonality of Eigenfunctions, real Eigenvalues, regular,
periodic and singular Sturm-Liouville systems, orthogonal sets of functions, expansion of
functions in terms of Eigenfunctions.Power series solutions, Legendre’s equation, Legendre’s
polynomials, generating function, Rodrigue’s formula, recursion relations, orthogonality and
normality ofLegendre’s polynomials, Legendre’s series, Bessel equation, Bessel functions,
generating function, recurring relations, orthogonality of Bessel functions, Bessel series.Green’s
function in one and two dimensions, Green’s function methods applied to boundary value
problems.
Recommended Books:
1. I. Stakgold, Boundary Value Problems of Mathematical Physics, Vol. I, II.

Macmillan,1968.
2. Lal Din BaigMethods of Mathematical Physics, IlmiKitabGhar Lahore, 2000.
3. H. Sagan, Boundary and Eigenvalue Problems in Mathematical Physics. John Wiley &Sons.New
York/London, 1961.
4. E.L Butkov, Mathematical Physics, Addison-Wesley 1968
38 | P a g e
5. H. J. Weber, G. B. Arfken, Essential Mathematical Methods for Physicists, ISE, lsevier. 2003.
MSc-Mathematics (Semester-IV)

Pure Mathematics
4 MTH-672 Advanced Group Theory-II 3(3-0)
6 MTH-678 Rings and Fields 3(3-0)
Total 18
Applied Mathematics
4 MTH-658 Theory of Optimization 3(3-0)
6 MTH-664 Special Functions 3(3-0)
Total 18
MTH-652 Numerical Analysis-II 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Numerical Differentiation: Forward, backward and central difference formulae,

Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal, Simpson and Gaussian quadrature using a system of orthogonal
polynomials (Legendre and Laguere polynomials).
39 | P a g e
Difference Equations: Formulation of difference equations, solution of linear (homogeneous and non-
homogeneous) difference equations with constant coefficients.
Numerical Solutions of Initial Value Problems: Picard’s method, Euler method, Modified Euler
method, Improved Euler method, Predictor-corrector type methods for solving initial value problems
along with convergence and instability criteria.
Recommended Books:
1. C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education, Singapore,
2005.
2. R. L. Burden and J.D. Faires: Numerical Analysis, latest Edition, PWS Pub. Co.
3. J.H. Mathews, NumericalMethods for Mathematics, latest Edition, Prentice Hall International.
4. S. C. Chapra and R. P. Canale: Numerical Methods for Engineers, 6th edition, McGraw Hill.

MTH-654 Computing Tools for Mathematics 3(2-1) 60
Course Outline:
The contents of the course are not fixed; however, the following points should be kept in mind while
teaching the course. The purpose of this course is to teach students the use of mathematical software like
MATLAB, MAPLE, MATHEMATICA for solving computationally-difficult problems in mathematics.
The student shall become well versed in using at least one mathematical software and shall learn a
number of techniques that are useful in calculus as well as in other areas of mathematics. The course
should be taught in a computer lab setting. Besides learning to use the software, the students must be able
to utilize the software to solve computationally difficult problems in calculus and other areas of
mathematics. At the end of the course, the students should have a good command on at least two of the
three programs mentioned above.
Recommended Books:
40 | P a g e
1. Etter DM, Kuncicky D, Hull D, Introduction to MATLAB 6, 2001, Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, NJ, USA.
2. Garvan F,The Maple Book, 2002, Chapman & Hall/CRC.
3. Kaufmann S, Mathematica as a Tool: An Introduction with Practical Examples,1994, Springer,
New York.

MTH-656 Mathematical Statistics 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Probability Distributions and Probability Densities: Probability distribution, Continuous Random

Variables, Probability Density Functions, Multivariate Distributions, Marginal Distributions, Conditional
Distributions
Mathematical Expectations: TheExpectedValue of a Random Variable, Moments, Chebyshev’s
Theorem, Moment-Generating Functions, Product Moments, Moments of Linear Combinations of
Random Variables, Conditional Expectations
Special Probability Distributions: Distributionsof the Discrete Uniform, Bernoulli, Binomial, Negative
Binomial, Geometric, Poisson, Multinomial, and Hypergeometric
Special Probability Densities: Distributions of Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Beta, and Normal
Functions of Random Variables: Distribution Function Technique, Transformation Techniques of One-
and Several, Moment-Generating Function Technique
Sampling Distributions: The distribution of the Mean, The Chi-Square Distribution, the t-Distribution,
the f-Distribution, Estimation of Means, Estimations of Proportions, Estimation of Variance, Testing of
Statistical Hypothesis Concerning Means, Proportions, and Variances
Recommended Books:
1. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A.Boes, D.C. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, (2nd
Edition),McGraw-Hill Book Company New York,1986.
2. Degroot, M.H. Probability and Statistics, (2nd Edition)Addison Wesley Company New York
1986.
3. Walpole-Myers. Myers. Ye Probability and Statistics (7th Edition)
41 | P a g e
4. M. H Degroot,.Probability and Statistics, (2nd Edition),Addison-WeslePublishing Company,
USA, 1986.
5. K.V. Mardia, Kent, J.T. Bibby, J.M. Multivariate Analysis. Academic PressNew York,1979.
6. Allen. T Craig, Robert V. Hogg, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, (5th edition) publish by
Pearson education Singapore (Pvt) Ltd.
7. Miller, I. and Miller, M. (1997). Mathematical Statistics. Prentice-Hall.
8. Seymour, L. and John, J. S. (2011). Introduction to Probability and Statistics. McGraw-Hill

MTH-658 Theory of Optimization 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Introduction to optimization. Relative and absolute extreme. Convex. Concave and unimodal functions.
Constants. Mathematical programming problems.
Optimization of one, two and several variables functions and necessary andsufficient conditions for their
optima. Direct substitution method and Lagrange multiplier method, necessary and sufficient conditions
for an equality-constrained optimum with bounded independent variables. Inequality constraints and
Lagrange multipliers.Kuhn- Tucker Theorem.Multidimensional optimization by Gradient method.
Convex and concave programming, Calculus of variation and Euler Language equations, Functions
depending on several independent variables. Variational problems in parametric form.Generalized
mathematical formulation of dynamics programming. Non-Linear continuous models, Dynamics
programming andVariational calculus. Control theory.
Recommended Books:
1. Gotfried B.S and Weisman, J. Introduction to Optimization Theory (Prentice-Inc. New

Jersey,1973).
2. Elsgolts. L. Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations (MirPublishers-
Moscow,1970).
3. Wismer D.A and Chattergy R. Introduction to Nonlinear Optimization (North -Holland, New
York,1978).
4. Intriligator M.D. Mathematical Optimization and Economic Theory(Prentice-Hall, Inc, New
Jersey,1971).
42 | P a g e
MTH-660 Fluid Mechanics-II 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Vortex motion, Line Vortex, Vortex row Image System, Kelvin’s minimumenergy theorem, Uniqueness
theorem, Fluid streaming past a circular cylinder,Irrational motion produced by a vortex filament. The
Helmholtz vorticity equation, Karman’s vortex-street. Constitutive equations; Navier- Stoke’s equations;
Exact solution of Navier-Stoke’s equations; Steady unidirectional flow; Poiseuille flow; Couette flow;
Unsteady unidirectional flow, Sudden motion of a plane boundary in a fluid at rest; Flow due to an
oscillatory boundary; Equations of motion relative to a rotating system; Ekman flow; Dynamical
similarity of turbulent motion.
Recommended Books:
1. L.D. Landan& E. M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics, Pergamon Press, 1966.

2. Batchelor, G.K. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, 1969.
3. Walter Jaunzemis, Continuum Mechanics, McMillan Company, 1967.
4. Milne-Thomas, Theoretical Hydrodynamics, McMillan Company, 1967.
5. D. J Tritton, Physical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd Edition Oxford.

MTH-664 Special Functions 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
The Gamma function: definition, relations satisfied by Gamma function, Euler’s constant, the order
symbols o and O, asymptotic representation of the Gamma function for large O(Z), Beta function; Tye-
Hypergeometric function, the function F(a,b;c;z) and F(a,b;c;I), the hypergeometric differential equation,
simple transformations, a theorem due to Kummer, orthogonal polynomials, simple sets of polynomials,
orthogonality, the three term recurrence relation, the Christofell-Darboux formula, normalization,
43 | P a g e
Bessel’s inequality, Legendere Polynomials, generating function, differential equation, the Rodrigues
formula, recurrence relations, hypergeometric form of Pn(x), Some bounds on Pn(x), orthogonality,
HermitePolynomials, definition of Hn(x), recurrence relations, the Rodringues formula, the Hermite
polynomials as 2 Fo , orthogonality, Laguerre Polynomials, The polynomial Ln(x), generating functions,
Rodrigues formula, the differential equation, orthogonality.
Recommended Books:
1. Rainville, E.D., Special Functions. 2nd Ed. Chelsea Publishing Co. 1971
2. Lebedev, N.N., Special Functions and their Applications. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall,1972.
3. Whittaker & Watson. A Course in Modern analysis. 2nd Ed. Cambridge UniversityPress, 1978.
MTH-672 Advanced Group Theory-II 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Solvable groups definition and examples, Theorems on solvable groups, Nilpotent groups,
characterization of finite nilpotent groups, upper and lower central series, the Frattini subgroups, free
groups, basic theorems, definition and examples of free products of groups, linear groups, types of linear
groups, representation of linear groups, group algebras and representation modules.
Recommended Books:
1. David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons,
2004.
2. Derek John, Scott Robinson, A Course in the Theory of Groups, Springer, 1996.
3.MacDonald,The Theory of Groups, Oxford University Press, 1968.
4. P.M. Cohn, Classic Algebra, London: John Wiley, 2000.
5.D. Burton, Abstract and Linear Algebra, Addison-Wesley publishing Co, 1987.
6. P.B. Battacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul, Basic Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed. C.U.P. 1995.
44 | P a g e
MTH-674 Measure Theory 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Introduction, outer measure, Measurable sets and Lebesgue measure. A non-measurable set. Measurable
function, the Lebesgue integral and the Riemann integral, the Lebesgue integral of a bounded function
over a set of finite measure, The integral of a non-negative function. The general Lebesgue integral.
Convergence in measure.
Recommended Books:
1. G. B. Folland, (2013). Real analysis: modern techniques and their applications. John Wiley &
Sons.
2. R. L. Wheeden, A. Zygmund (2015). Measure and integral: an introduction to real Analysis(Vol.
308). CRC Press.
3. P.R. Halmos, Naïve Set Theory, New York, Van Nostrand.
4. B.Rotman& G.T. Kneebone, The Theory of Sets and Transfinite Numbers, Old bourne London.

MTH-678 Rings and Fields 3(3-0) 60
Course Outline:
Rings: Basic Definitions and Examples of Rings, Ring Homomorphism, Ring of Fractions, Quotient
Rings, Definitions of Ideals, Prime Ideals, Maximal Ideals, The Chinese Remainder Theorem, Euclidean
Domains, Principal Ideal Domains, Unique Factorization Domains, Polynomial Rings, Polynomial Rings
Over Fields
Modules: Basic Definitions and Examples of Modules, Modules Homomorphism, Quotient Modules,
Direct Sums
45 | P a g e
Fields: Definition and examples of Fields, Finite Fields, Extension fields, Algebraic and transcendental
elements, simple extension, Introduction to Galois theory.
Recommended Books:
1. Hartley, B. and Hawkes, T.O. Rings, Modules and Linear Algebra, Chapman and Hall, 1980.
2. Herstein, I.N. Topics in Algebra, John Wiley and Sons, 1975.
3. Blyth, T.S., Module theory, Oxford University Press, 1977.
4. Adamson, J. Rings and Modules.
2. Dummit, D. and Foote. R. (2004). Abstract Algebra. John Wiley & Sons.
3. Fraleigh, B. (1967). A First Course in Abstract Algebra, Pearson Education
46 | P a g e

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Curriculum and Syllabus of BS(H) Mathematics

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-302 Calculus II 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-304 Linear Algebra and Its Applications 3(3-0) 60

Basic concepts of matrices.Types of matrices.Algebraic properties of matrices.Row and column

STA-323 Introduction to Statistical Theory-II 3(3-0) 60

Introduction of Simple Linear Regression. Scatter Diagram. Simple Linear Regression

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

PHY-324 Introduction to Heat and 3(2-1) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

ENG-322 English Comprehension and Composition 3(3-0) 60

English Comprehension and Composition

1. Wallace Catherine: Study Skills: CUP

2. Yorky R.: Study Skills.

3. Smazler. : Write to be Read: reading, reflection and writing. CUP

4. Wallace, M. 1980 Study Skills in English. CUP

5. Langan, J. 1981 English Skills McGraw Hill Book Co.

7. O’Brien & Jordan. 1985 Developing Reference Skills Collins

8. Price-Machado, D. 1998 Skills for Success. CUP

PST-321 Pakistan Studies 2(2-0) 40

Regeneration of Muslim Society in sub-continent and causes of decline of Muslim Rule.

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-402 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 3(3-0) 60

1. E. Rees, Notes on Geometry, Springer, 2004.

2. M. A. Armstrong, Groups and Symmetry, Springer, 1998.

Velocity and Acceleration.Cartesian components of velocity and acceleration.Tangential and Normal

MTH-406 Differential Equations-II 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

To basic counting principles, Permutations, Combinations.The injective and bijective principles,

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-410 C++ 3(2-1) 60

PSY-422 Introduction to Psychology 3(3-0) 60

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals: Definition and existence of integrals. Properties of integrals.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

Error analysis: Floating point arithmetic, approximations and errors.

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

2. Batchelor, G.K. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press,

3. Walter Jaunzemis, Continuum Mechanics, McMillan Company, 1967.

5. D. J Tritton, Physical Fluid Dynamics 2nd edition Oxford.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

Basic Concepts and Definitions, Formation and Classification of partial

1. E.I. Butkov, Mathematical Physics, Addison-Wesley.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-602 Measure Theory 3(3-0) 60

Hahn-Banach theorem, adjoint operator, uniform boundedness theorem, strong

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

2. ShaileshShirali, C. S Yogananda, Number theory Universities press.