Introduction

The English subject is considerably one of the most complex and at the same

time, the most useful among all the other subjects being offered by our educational

system. It has various fields like grammar and literature, which covers the four macro-

skills namely the reading, writing, speaking and listening. Studying the field of English

grammar is one of the huge tasks of English as Secondary Language (ESL) teachers

since it has to go through a lot of process and discussions for the students to learn the

lesson in grammar (Purpura, 2004).

Of all the lessons being taught in a grammar class, the parts of speech are the

most confusing and complicated of all. Parts of speech consist of verbs, nouns,

adjectives, prepositions, adverbs, pronouns and conjunctions. Each of them has their

particular rules when it comes to its use in a statement or sentence. These certain rules

are sometimes hard to understand by the students even with the fact that it is being

included in all curriculum guide from grade school to high school. The lack of learning

resources that can be used to learn the lesson is also a hindrance to the students'

learning (Murari, 2015).

The role of the instructional materials used in a certain subject or lesson is

necessary. It will serve as the teacher's instrument for him to be able to teach more

efficiently. The aim of any instructional material is to either determine the problem

occurring during the learning process or to improve the student's performance in a

specific area. Every activity included in an instructional material should be able to teach

the students the proper and easiest way to learn the parts of speech.
 Aside from the subject matter, there are also various principles that should be

considered in making an instructional material. We have varieties of principles that can

be used but there are five most important of them all. First, the material to be used must

be task or problem cantered. Students learn more when the instruction is cantered on

relevant real-world task. Second, there must be the presence if activation. This

activation would activate the student's prior knowledge regarding a specific topic. Third,

is demonstration. Students nowadays tend to learn more when new knowledge is

demonstrated to them in the context of real-life scenarios. Another principle is the use of

application. They learn more when they perform the task or solve life relevant problems

and receive feedback and appropriate guidance during the application. Last but not the

least, is integration. Students are encouraged to learn more when they are task to

integrate their new knowledge into their life through reflection, discussion, debate and

presentation of knowledge.

Teaching the English language to students who are not exposed to this subject is

a huge task especially to those who are living in the remote areas like in the mountains.

Most of the inhabitants in the mountains belong to a tribal group, in this tribal group

speaks different dialogue. One of the tribal groups who live in the mountain is the

Dumagats. Dumagats are relatives of the Aeta’s in the Northern part of Luzon. Their

ancestral origin is traced from Negrito’s which is one of the earliest inhabitants in the

country. This tribe is commonly found in the hillsides and in the mountains of Quezon,

Bulacan, Rizal and Laguna provinces. The common livelihood of this tribe is farming.

After harvesting their crops like sweet potato and other root crops, they go to lowlands

and sell it or trade it in the local market. For those who are living by the sea, they
usually do fishing and the women sells it in the market nearby. Because of the lack of

education, most of them don't know how to read and write. They are also having a hard

time counting money and products accurately, so most of the time, the lowlanders

gives them payment that is actually lower than what they supposed to get.

The place where their school is located is also far from the influence of the city

people. Meaning, they lack some of the educational resources or those things they

need in their everyday schooling. One of these educational needs is the material for

teaching the English language. Considering the fact, that they do not have enough tools

to be used in acquiring the lesson, the learning process would be slow also. Students in

the rural and secluded part of the country deserve more attention than to those in the

urban communities since they have less access to the modernization which the city

people are more capable of experiencing. The opinions of the tribe members about

learning English language are different. Most of the elders are saying that teaching

English to their young pupils may affect their preservation of culture and heritage. The

Dumagat elders are afraid that it might open the other Dumagat’s eyes in the modernity

of the lowlander’s culture. Opposite from what they believe, some of the members of the

tribe believes that it can be a way for them to stop the discrimination coming from the

people they encounter in the lowlands. Many Dumagat students are being discriminated

because of their lack of knowledge in English once they enter high school. Another

reason is that most of them believe that learning even at least the Basic English would

help their tribe members to communicate with the foreigners who are also eager to

know their heritage.

 Because of these factors, the researchers came up with an idea of making a

module intended only for the Dumagat’s in learning basic grammar. A module or any

instructional material that would suit their need and will take consideration to the

situation and culture if the indigenous people would be a big contribution towards their

harmonious learning process.

This study aims to determine the learning competencies of the Dumagat pupils in

the province of Rizal when it comes to parts of speech and simple sentence

construction. The researchers also sought to know the type of instructional material

used by the mobile teacher in teaching the English subject and, to identify the most

ideal instructional tool for the Dumagat pupils of Rizal province