Program

2019 Salzburg Conference
in Interdisciplinary Poverty
Research
Migration and Poverty

19 & 20 September 2019, Salzburg
Keynote Speakers
Ilse Derluyn (Ghent)
Cathy McIlwaine (King‘s College London)
Corinna Mieth (Bochum)
Julia O‘Connell-Davidson (Bristol)
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www.poverty-conference.org
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policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/absolute-poverty-in-europe
Focus Theme: Migration and Poverty 3
Table of Contents
Welcome 5
Call for Papers: Special Issue 10
on Migration, Poverty and
Inequality
Practical Information 12
Floor Plans 18
Program Overview 20
Keynote Talks & Speakers 22
Panel Program 26
Panel Paper Abstracts 36
4 2019 Salzburg Conference in Interdisciplinary Poverty Research
Welcome to the University of Salzburg!

The origin of the University of Salzburg dates back to the Baroque peri-
od: the Alma mater, Paridiana, was founded in 1622 by Archbishop Paris
Lodron: the year 2022 will celebrate its 400th anniversary. Support of the
University was provided by a confederation of 33 Benedictine abbeys of
South Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Salzburg. Until its dissolution in
the wake of the annexation of Salzburg to Bavaria in 1810, theological and
philosophical, as well as juridical and medical lectures were held at the
University.
The University of Salzburg was re-established in 1962. The resump-
tion of the operation of the Faculty of Philosophy, as well as the inau-
guration of the first Rector occurred in the year 1964. Only later was the
University expanded to include a Faculty of Law. Today, the University of
Salzburg is divided into four faculties: Catholic Theology, Law, Cultural
and Social Sciences, and Natural Sciences, as well as the Interdisciplinary
departments.
Currently, more than 30 fields of study and 80 Diploma, Bachelor,
Master or Doctoral degree programs are offered; Lifelong Learning is also
encouraged in the form of numerous university courses and the special
educational opportunities offered through „University 55+“. With approxi-
mately 2,800 employees and 18,000 students, the University of Salzburg
is one of the largest institutions in the region. It, therefore, has a model
function and is involved in the implementation of social objectives such
as the inclusion of women, the promotion of health, and protection of the
environment.
Welcome to Salzburg!
Salzburg is the fourth-largest city in Austria with about 150.000 inhab-
itants and the capital city of the federal state of Salzburg. Its „Old Town“
(Altstadt) (listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997) has interna-
tionally renowned baroque architecture and a beautiful alpine setting.
The most famous son of Salzburg is the 18th-century composer Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart and many have seen and heard the musical and film
The Sound of Music. You can visit many different museums, churches or
the fortress Hohensalzburg, one of the largest medieval castles in Europe.
But Salzburg is not only about culture and music, it also has three univer-
sities and a large population of students.
Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research

www.povertyresearch.org
Founded in 2006, the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR) of
the University of Salzburg is an interdisciplinary research institution with
multiple integrations in national and international institutions and net-
works. It is dedicated to the research of poverty and social exclusion, in
particluar in relation to questions of ethics and philosophy. The CEPR has
currently members with backgrounds in social geography, political scien-
ce, theology, history, literature studies, and philosophy.
The CEPR carries out (externally funded) research projects, orga-
nizes workshops and conferences, both for researchers as well as prac-
titioners and policy makers, and its members regularly publish research
papers and peer-reviewed volumes, special issues and monographs as
well as reports and books aimed at a lay audience.
Since 2013, the CEPR organizes an annual conference on changing
focus themes. These conferences are interdisciplinary and open to all in-
terested researchers, practitioners and policy makers. They aim to bring
together current research on poverty, inequality and social exclusion and
to discuss policies and other measures of poverty alleviation. The CEPR
organizes also an annual Workshop in Philosophy and Poverty.
From 2016-2021 the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR)
focuses its activities in three key research areas within its broader mission
of interdisciplinary poverty research, and in particluar the contribution
of ethics and philosophy to a better understanding of poverty and social
exclusion.
NORMATIVE ETHICS AND CATHOLIC SOCIAL TRADITION
he Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR) examines a variety of

T
normative approaches towards poverty and social exclusion, including
philosophical and theological ones. One research programme in this area
is „Enacting Catholic Social Tradition“, which questions the meaning of
applyimg - or enanctimg - the principles of the Catholic Social Tradition
(CST) to issues of poverty. To this end, CST is examined as a particular
form of applied normative theory, in various social contexts and under
various circumstances. Insights from the discussion about the nature and
value of applied philosophy and ethics are brought into discussion with
CST.
A second research programme in this area is “Mapping Catholic So-
cial Tradition: Catholic Social Tradition and Contemporary Political Philo-
sophy”. It examines systematically the place of CST and its socio-ethical
concepts and theories in the landscape of contemporary social and politi-
cal philosophy. In particular questions of poverty, social exclusion and ine-

quality are of interest here. What is the particular position of CST towards
these phenomena and how does it justify them? Are there significant
overlaps or tensions between CST and other major approaches like the
capability approach, resourcist approaches, marxist and critical theory?
FUNDAMENTAL POVERTY
In recent years, the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR) contri-
buted extensively to the discourse on child poverty and severe, absolute
forms of poverty in affluent societies. This way, CEPR generated insights
in particular forms of poverty that can be framed by the concept of fun-
damental poverty. Fundamental poverty is a form of poverty that coins
the whole of a human existence. Child poverty shapes the very identity of
and the manner how the children interact with the world in a long-las-
ting way. Child poverty leads to a “mind shaped by poverty” (Regenia
Rawlinson). Absolute poverty is severe poverty that denies basic human
needs. These forms of poverty are “fundamental” because they shape the
basic code of a life in a long-lasting manner, influencing daily routines,
basic opportunities and fundamental decisions. Main concern in the re-
search area of fundamental poverty is to contribute to two under-resear-
ched areas and to link poverty research and poverty alleviation.
In the program “Absolute poverty and context-sensitive reasoning”
the CEPR aims at examining three questions: (i) an analysis of the con-
cept of absolute poverty; (ii) an exploration of poverty in Europe and the
significance of the absolute poverty concept as an descriptive instrument
to grasp certain phenomena of poverty in Europe; (iii) design of a theory
of context-sensitive reasoning and planning of reasonable measures to
combat absolute poverty in Europe.
The program “Translating vulnerabilities” aims at (i) developing a
theory of translation of vulnerability, from one into another context and
from vulnerability into factual injuries; (ii) clarifying the question what
moral and practical consequences follow from such a theory of transla-
ting vulnerabilities in the context of childhood.
CULTURE AND PRECARIOUS LIFE WORLDS
Culture and the spatial environment are seen as crucial determinants for
personal well-being. Efforts to alleviate poverty and to surmount preca-
rious living conditions have thus to deal with these systems in an ade-
quate way. The research focus on Culture and Precarious Lifeworlds is
doing this by developing three theoretical approaches. At first, “Commu-
nity-based poverty research” investigates the role of social institutions to
empower underprivileged people by taking cultural goods as facilitators
into account. Then, “Responsiveness of poverty alleviation” analyses the
effectiveness of instruments developed in the first approach. And at last,

“Space-sharing and migration” applies these approaches to the geogra-
phical context for the purpose of an “Ethics of social spaces”. All three
strands will eventually lead to a new meta-theory on poverty alleviation
and new forms of social-cultural diversity that allow for a contemporary
idea of well-being.
This common frame grounds on three pillars that try to find ans-
wers to questions such as: (i) what types of relationships between well-
being and poverty alleviation are given? (ii) how do cultural goods contri-
bute to the production of poverty (by mechanisms of social exclusion) as
well as to the mitigation of poverty (by mechanisms of cultural participa-
tion)? (iii) what is the impact of an ethically founded poverty research on
strategies of poverty alleviation?
People
2020 Salzburg Conference
in Interdisciplinary Poverty Research
Health and Poverty

2 & 3 July 2020, Salzburg
Keynote Speakers
Monica Magadi (Hull)
Melissa Parker (LSHTM)
Call for Papers

Proposals for single papers and thematic panels on all questions related to poverty are
welcomed but particular attention will be given to those dealing with the focus theme
of health and poverty. Please visit the conference website for more information on the
program, submission and registration.
Organized by the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research of the University of Salzburg
Submission deadline: 31 December 2019
www.poverty-conference.org
Call for papers: Migration, Poverty and

Inequality

Thematic Paper Collection in „Palgrave Communications“
Website: https://www.nature.com/palcomms
The open access journal „Palgrave Communications“ (Springer Nature)
will publish a thematic paper collection in collaboration with the confe-
rence „Migration and Poverty“.
All papers published in this collection will undergo external doub-
le-blind peer-review. This is a rolling article collection and as such sub-
missions will be welcomed at any point up until 1 May 2020. To register
interest prospective authors should submit a short article proposal (abs-
tract summary) to the Editorial Office in the first instance.
Throughout history, peoples have migrated from one place to ano-
ther, prompted by different factors and using different means to reach
their destinations. Migration has therefore long been a topic of academic
and social enquiry, not to mention the focus of polarising political deba-
te. In Europe the issue of migration was brought to significant prominen-
ce during 2015-2016, when an unprecedented influx of more than one
million refugees and migrants arrived into the EU, most of them fleeing
war in Syria and other countries. More broadly, it is estimated that global-
ly more than 65 million people are now officially displaced from their ho-
mes – the highest figure recorded by the United Nations since the Second
World War. People re-locate for various reasons, both legal and illegal,
often risking their lives to escape from political oppression, persecution,
war and poverty, as well as to be reunited with family and to benefit from
entrepreneurship and education. Other factors, such as climate change,
are increasingly becoming drivers too.
This research collection aims to look specifically at the relationship
between poverty and migration.
Much migration, within and across borders, is driven by poverty and
the hope for better well-being and a better quality of life. Yet migration
itself is risky and can open up new social, economic, political and cultural
vulnerabilities in the lives of migrants. The periods spent living in migrant
camps, for example, are frequently marked by multiple deprivation. As
soon as migrants have reached their destination — if they reach it at all
and are not detained elsewhere — they are confronted with new difficul-
ties and often end up belonging to the poorest and most disadvantaged
groups within their new society. Migration can therefore be both an ins-
trument for overcoming poverty — but it can also lead to poverty and so-
cial exclusion. These two very general trends are differentiated according
to social and geographical space, as well as the backgrounds, socio-eco-
nomic position, gender, race and age of migrants. After all, the wealthy
scientist who moves with his family from Europe to the USA is just as
much a migrant as the underage refugee from southern Africa who is
stuck in a camp in Libya for several months or years and has almost no
economic prospects of improving his situation.
This research collection seeks to bring together research arising
from different fields, within and outside of migration studies and allied
areas of enquiry, which speak to the issue of migration and poverty.
Papers are invited that consider, but are not limited to, the follo-
wing themes:
• Poverty and the hope for a better life as factors in the motivation
for migration;
• The plight of migrants in states of limbo (e.g. in migrant camps, or
detention and asylum centres);
• Migrants’ experiences and circumstances in their new countries
of residence;
• The (local and global) political and legal regulations, frameworks
and conditions that have a poverty-enhancing or poverty-redu-
cing effect on migrants;
• The different social and geographical spaces in which migration
takes place;
• The intersectionality of gender, age, race, health, disability, sexual
orientation of migrants;
• Interdisciplinary perspectives on the relationship between migra-
tion and poverty;
• Critical appraisals of ‘migration research’, its theories and me-
thods and how it approaches inequalities, vulnerability and mar-
ginalisation.
The collection is open to essays examining intra- and transnational

migration (in all its forms, e.g., voluntary, forced, crowded, seasonal, etc)
in relation to (relative, absolute, monetary, multidimensional, etc.) pover-
ty, inequality and social exclusion. Papers examining normative issues of
(social and global) justice, human rights or ethics in relation to migration
and poverty are encouraged. In addition to case studies and empirical
social research, theoretical papers and those with a policy focus can are
welcomed.
This collection has no disciplinary focus and is open to contributions
from a wide of discipline in the social sciences and humanities, including,
among others, sociology, anthropology, geography, political science, de-
velopment studies, migration studies, economics, literary studies, history,
philosophy, theology and law and legal studies, cultural studies.
Practical Information
Conference Venue
Faculty of Theology
University of Salzburg
Universitätsplatz 1
A-5020 Salzburg
How to get there:
The building of the Faculty of Theology is located directly in the old town
of Salzburg, close to the Neutor (Sigmundstor) and right next to the
Mönchsberg. Four city bus routes stop at Herbert-von-Karajan-Platz, very
close to the Faculty building: 1, 4, 10, 22. Bus No. 1 goes directly there from
the Salzburg Main Station.
City Tour
Friday, 20 September 2019, 15.40
Meeting in front of the conference building at 15.35

Conference Dinner
Thursday, 19 September 2019, 19.00
Meeting in front of the conference building at 18.45. We will walk through

the scenic Old Town to the Sternbräu (about 5 minutes). Conference din-
ner will be á la carte. You can order whatever you want from the menu
including drinks until 21.00 (9 pm), after that everything you order you
have to pay yourself.
Name and Address:
Sternbräu
Griesgasse 23
5020 Salzburg
How to get there:
The Sternbräu is right in the middle of the Old City of Salzburg. It is loca-
ted next to the world-famous Getreidegasse and Mozart‘s birthplace. Sin-
ce 1542, the Sternbräu has become the biggest and most popular traditi-
onal beer inn of Salzburg.
Certificate
If you need a certificate to confirm your participation, please ask someo-
ne at the registration desk.
Accesing the PC & Wifi

Username: v1067660
Passwort: KatTheo!2019
You will find the username and password for the PC also printed right
next to the display. If something is not working, please do not panic, get
someone from the registration desk.
(That is one reason why it is better to be there a few minutes before the
panel starts.)
Chairing
If the chair does not show up (that can happen sometimes :-(), please do
not panic. Someone from the audience should please fill in. Thank you!
But please let us know if a chair did not come, so that we can put her/him
on our blacklist.
If you are chairing a session you have six tasks:
• (a) Be in the room a few minutes before the panel starts

• (b) log into the PC so that the speakers can put their presenta-
tions there (the information is displayed next to the PC)
• (c) Start on time
• (d) There is no time for long speaker introductions, just names
and paper titles
• (e) Make sure that every speaker gets 30 minutes (including q&a)
• (f) moderate the q&a (please do not allow overly long questions or
comments)
Speakers
If a speaker does not show up (that can happen sometimes :-(), please do
not panic. Just start with the other talk (or if someone from the audience
has prepared an relevant extra talk and wants to fill in that would also be
ok). Thank you! But please let us know if a speaker did not come, so that
we can put her/him on our blacklist.
If you are a speaker
• (a) Please show up a few minutes before the panel starts

• (b) Bring your presentation on a flash drive
• (c) Finish on time
Audience
If you are in the audience
• (a) please go to the room on time

• (b) ask concise and short questions (so that others have the chan-
ce to ask theirs)
• (c) ask your questions in a friendly way
Last minute changes to the program

Last minute changes to the program are displayed in the foyer next to the
registration desk (but we might not be aware of no-shows by unreliable
colleagues).
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Groundfloor
2nd Floor
Program Overview
Thursday, 19 September 2019
9.00 Welcome and Opening

Andreas Koch
Room: HS 101
9.20 Plenary Session with
Ilse Derluyn & Cathy McIlwaine
Room: HS 101
11.00 Coffee Break
11.20 Parallel Panels 1
12.20 Lunch (stand buffet directly at the venue)
14.20 Coffee Break
15.40 Coffee Break
17.00 End of Day 1
19.00 Conference Dinner
Venue: Sternbräu
Meeting in front of the conference building at

18.45
Program Overview
Friday, 20 September 2019

10.00 Coffee Break
11.20 Coffee Break
12.40 Lunch (stand buffet directly at the venue)
13.40 Plenary Session with
Corinna Mieth &
Julia O‘Connell Davidson
Room: HS 101
15.20 Coffee Break
15.40 Guided City Tour
Meeting Point: in front of the conference
building at 15.35
17.40 End of Day 2
Opening Plenary Session

Thursday, 19 September 2019, 9.20-11.00, Chair: Andreas Koch
Room: HS 101
Ilse Derluyn
he host country does matter! The impact of daily stressors on the
T
wellbeing of unaccompanied refugee minors
It is largely known that refugee children and particular those separa-
ted by their parents (unaccompanied refugee minors) are at great risk
of developing a range of mental health problems because of their past
experiences and current living circumstances. Yet, little is known on how
those problems evolve over time and how these possible evolutions are
associated with the current living conditions in the host country. In the
presentation, we will present a longitudinal follow-up of a large group
of unaccompanied minors in Belgium, looking at how past trauma and
current living stressors impact their emotional wellbeing. As such, criti-
cal questions can be raised on how current migration policies might put
those groups at (even) great(er) risk of developing (or increasing) mental
health problems through a detrimental impact of the daily stressors as-
sociated with their concrete living contexts.
Bio: Ilse Derluyn is professor at the De-

partment of Social Work and Social Peda-
gogy of Ghent University. Ilse has been in-
volved in several research projects in the
fields of (forced) migration, refugees and
war-affected children and adolescents,
such as studies on psychosocial well-
being of unaccompanied refugee minors,
trafficking of minors, drug use in migrant
populations, child soldiers, emotional
well-being of war-affected adolescents in
Eastern Congo, therapeutic care for unac-
companied refugee minors.
Cathy McIlwaine
eminised precarity among onward Latin American migrants in
F
London
As Europe faces the prospect of the emergence of increasingly turbulent

forms of mobilities as diverse groups of migrants arrive, settle and move
on, the issue of onward migration is ever more important. Onward migra-
tion refers to the multiple destinations, steps and routes undertaken by
migrants that are not predetermined and encapsulate numerous migra-
tion trajectories. This presentation contributes to the burgeoning deba-
tes around the nature of onward migration and the ways in which it is of-
ten underpinned by various forms of precarity. It explores the specifically
feminised nature of onward precarity from a holistic spatio-temporal vie-
wpoint that encompasses analyses at departure and along the migrant
trajectory. Drawing empirically on the experiences of onward Latin Ame-
rican migrants (or OLAs) who have ended-up in London, the presentation
develops the notion of “feminised onward precarity” to capture how all
migrants, but especially women, experience precarious living and wor-
king conditions that reflect the devaluation and exploitation of migrant
workers. It emphasises the inherent feminisation processes within the-
se mobilities that become more intersectional as people move and their
identities evolve and reconfigure. While “feminised onward precarity”
focuses on precarious and exploitative working and living conditions, it
also acknowledges some opportunities for migrants to develop their “re-
silience” and “reworking” tactics within wider structures of exploitation
through their mobility. For women in particular, it shows how there have
been some openings for rupturing gendered power geometries, even if
these are only possible at the individual rather than structural or collec-
tive level.
Bio: Cathy McIlwaine is Professor of De-

velopment Geography at King’s College
London. Her work explores the intersec-
tions between gender, poverty and trans-
national migration, with a particular focus
on Latin America. She is currently working
on a project, Step Up Migrant Women,
which examines the experiences of gen-
der-based violence among migrant wo-
men with insecure immigration status.
Closing Plenary Session

Friday, 20 September 2019, 13.40-15.20, Chair: Andreas Koch
Room: HS 101
Corinna Mieth
Migration, Stability and Solidarity
When confronted with the normative issues of migration, two basic in-
tuitions come to mind: the solidarity intuition and the stability intuition.
The solidarity intuition, usually defended by cosmopolitans, builds on the
moral universalism of human rights. Prominent proponents, like Joseph
Carens, think that significant global inequalities render closed borders
morally illegitimate. Others argue that open borders would be the most
efficient means to eradicate poverty. The stability intuition, as reflected
in the works of Walzer and Miller, refers to the need of stability for fun-
ctioning liberal democracies. From this perspective, states are obliged
to help the poor but not by opening their borders. Following Thomas
Christiano, it will be argued that both perspectives can be integrated
within a non-ideal cosmopolitan framework: the lack of a just world or-
der can justify border controls to eventually advance human rights. This
framework, however, brings up problems of political judgment and po-
litical compromise when facing the competing claims of residents and
migrants. The presentation ends with a conceptualization of this particu-
lar issue by drawing on the notion of political cohesion and the work of
Arvishai Margalit.
Bio: Corinna Mieth is Professor of Political

Philosophy and Philosophy of Law at the
University of Bochum. Corinna works in
particular on Human Rights, Human Dig-
nity, Global Justice, Poverty, Migration, Di-
lemmatic Cases in the Philosophy of Law,
Utopian Thought, Ethics and Aesthetics.
Julia O‘Connell Davidson

Poverty and Migration through the Lens of Atlantic World History:
Slavery or Marronage?
In the US, the UK and Australia since the millennium, there has been a
revival of antislavery activism, led by NGOs and activists who claim that
some 40 million people around the world are currently trapped in “mod-
ern slavery”. Their campaigns, which make rhetorical use of Atlantic World
slavery and the struggle for its abolition, have influenced policy, with the
UK and Australia introducing Modern Slavery Acts, and the UN includ-
ing the elimination of “modern slavery” as a target in its Sustainable De-
velopment Goals. This paper looks critically at the discourse of “modern
slavery”, paying particular attention to the ways in which it pathologises
and criminalises subsistence strategies used by the poor, and irregular
migration from global south to north, while deflecting attention from
the structural factors that impoverish and immobilise many people in the
global south. It then asks whether a focus on histories of marronage (the
process of extricating oneself from slavery) might provide a more useful
starting point for those concerned to promote the human rights and ex-
tend the freedoms of migrants in the contemporary world.
Bio: Julia O‘Connell Davidson is Profes-

sor in Social Research at the University
of Bristol. She has held ESRC awards for
projects investigating sex tourism in the
Caribbean, and the markets for migrant
domestic and sex workers in the UK and
Spain, and currently holds a Leverhulme
Major Research Fellowship for a project
titled „Modern Slavery and the Margins of
Freedom: Debtors, Detainees and Child-
ren“.
Panel Program, Thursday, 11.20-12.20

Parallel Panel 1a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Tamara A. Kool
Time: Thursday, 11.20-12.20
Yolanda Grift, Rosita Impact of internal migration on poverty:

Rosita Woodly-Sobhie testing urban inclusiveness
Sandra Carrasco, Cities for cohesion or marginalisation:
Andrea Cook, Ashleigh Impact of the built-environment in
Haw, Majdi Faleh Refugee integration
Parallel Panel 1b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Melati Nungsari

Victor Mlambo Yes to REMITTANCES and no to BRAIN

DRAIN? The puzzle facing Socio-economic
development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Carlos Villalobos Barría Poverty as Migration Constraining
Condition. Micro-data based evidence from
Chile.
Parallel Panel 1c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Mariella Falkenhain

Patrizia Rinaldi A lost future: the transition to adulthood for

unaccompanied migrant minors
Isabelle Brantl, Missing unaccompanied minors in
Barbara Klein migration as a high-risk group
Parallel Panel 1d, Room: HS 122, Chair: Stephen Phillips

Tabea Scharrer The Status Paradox reconsidered. The Role

of Class in Somali Migration.
Merita H. Meçe The impact of migration and poverty
on reshaping gender roles among rural
women in Albania
Parallel Panel 2a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Nadezhda G. Osipova

Panels 2a & 3a together form a Panel about “Migrants in Russia: Op-
portunities and Challenges”
Inna A. Vershinina Labor migrants in Russia: better life or

poverty?
Daria E. Dobrinskaya Russian digital nomads: precariat or elite?
Parallel Panel 2b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Jana Kuhnt

Frodo Podschwadek Poverty, Assimilation, and Justice

Kyoko Shinozaki, Refugees between civic engagement and
Ruth Abramowski, populism: how can refugees and civil society
Dženeta actors unfold their own capabilities?
Karabegović, Lena
Stöllinger, Anna
Winkler
Parallel Panel 2c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Anita Heindlmaier
Nurlia Listiani, Return Migrants Entrepreneurship as a tool to

Temesgen Kifle, stimulate rural development in East Lombok,
John Mangan Indonesia
Lucie Mackova Voluntary return migration to Armenia: Is
poverty a concern?
Parallel Panel 2d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Eyja Brynjarsdottir
Aynur Sarısakaloğlu Poverty and intercultural conflicts as key

indicators of social exclusion: A study of Syrian
citizens taking refuge in Austria
Michal Pavlásek In my homeland, people honoured me, here I
found myself on the fringe.

Panels 2a & 3a together form a Panel about “Migrants in Russia: Op-
portunities and Challenges”
Tatiana S. Educational migration in Russia: opportunity

Martynenko or poverty
Anna V. Liadova Migrants’ health: the case of Russia
Parallel Panel 3b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Kiril Sharapov
Sikanyiso Masuku, Refugees` access to social capital and the

Jeremy Seekings challenge of socio-economic development:
A lens through the experiences of Congolese
refugees in South Africa.
Tamara A. Kool, Zina Keeping up with the Joneses: Non-Jordanians
Nimeh, Musa Shteiwi in the Jordanian labour market
Parallel Panel 3c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Isabelle Brantl

Stephen Phillips State-created poverty as a deterrent for asylum

seekers
Cevdet Acu Social and Institution Barriers of the Syrian
Refugee Entrepreneurship in Turkey
Parallel Panel 3d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Meike Bukowski
Alellie Sobreviñas International Migration and Poverty: Evidence

from the Household Panel Dataset of a
Selected Municipality in the Philippines
Cécile Blouin The migration experience of the Venezuelan
population in Lima: intersectional views
Parallel Panel 3e, Room: HS 122, Chair: Kyoko Shinozaki

Panels 3e & 4e together form the panel „The Migration-Organizati-
on-Poverty Nexus: Exploring and Expanding Thinking on Diaspora and
Im/mobility“
Élise Féron Poverty, Diaspora Organizations and Conflicts -

Exploring the Intersection
Bruno Lefort The “Lebanese Diaspora Energy”: a capitalist
response to the global challenge of poverty
Parallel Panel 4a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Carlos Villalobos

Noelia Bueno Gómez Debating the role of NGOs dedicated to

help forced immigrants in destination
countries: philosophical considerations
Claudia Delgado Debating the role of NGOs dedicated to
Caballero help forced immigrants in destination
countries: guiding migrants through the
bureaucratic labyrinth
Parallel Panel 4b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Rosita Woodly-Sobhie
Yodit Estifanos Post-migration living difficulties: from first

Afewerki reception centers to squats
Melati Nungsari Issues Facing Refugees and Asylum-Seekers
in Southeast Asia: Narrowing the Gaps
Between Theory, Policy, and Reality
Parallel Panel 4c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Yolanda Grift

Gaziza Tolesh Integration of immigrants through

Volunteering
Moumita Mukherjee Childhood Under-Nutrition, Inequity and
Vulnerability Dynamics: Case Study of the
Sundarbans Delta Region, West Bengal,
India
Parallel Panel 4d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Kristy Henderson

Zsolt Temesvary Destitute Mobile Hungarian Citizens in the

Swiss Homeless Care
Daniel Sharp Poverty and the Claims of Economic
Migrants

Panels 3e & 4e together form the panel „The Migration-Organizati-
on-Poverty Nexus: Exploring and Expanding Thinking on Diaspora and
Im/mobility“
Dorte Sindbjerg Implementing European Case Law at the

Martinsen, Michael Bureaucratic Frontline: How Domestic
Blauberger, Anita Signalling Influences the Outcomes of EU
Heindlmaier, Jessica Law
Sampson Thierry
Dženeta Karabegović The Costs of Participation: Highly Educated
Migrants and Access to Knowledge
Production
Panel Program, Friday, 09.00-10.00
Parallel Panel 5a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Jörn Grävingholt

Time: Friday, 09.00-10.00
Panels 5a, 6a & 7a together form a Panel about “Motives of Mobility,
Drivers of Displacement“
Jana Kuhnt Why do people leave their home - is there

an easy answer? A structured overview of
migratory determinants
Péter Marton A theory of international asylum-seeking
Parallel Panel 5b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Frodo Podschwadek

Mariella Street level bureaucrats and refugees’ way into

Falkenhain, employment: Does Germany’s transition regime
Andreas Hirseland prevent poverty?
Artemiy Kurbanov Poverty, migration and diseases: a new level of
old problem
Parallel Panel 5c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Daniel Sharp

Demetrio Miloslavo Measuring (in)equality: The horizontal equality

Bova Index
Oktay Aktan Between Autonomy and Vulnerability in
Educational Context: The Particular Role of
Teachers with Migration Background in German
Schools
Parallel Panel 5d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Lucy Williams
Sanne S. Visser, The Meaning of Place and Space in mobility

D. Strijker, patterns of families in intergenerational poverty
A.J.E. Edzes in the Netherlands
Claudia Lintner Nothing to do? An insight into refugee

accommodation places in Italy
Parallel Panel 5e, Room: HS 122, Chair: Yodit Estifanos Afewerki

Andreas Koch / “Poverty and Affordable Housing in Austria”.

Meike Bukowski Urban and developments in context of the UN
Sustainable Development Goal 1
Gottfried Five Challenges for the SDGs and their Success
Schweiger
Parallel Panel 6a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Péter Marton

András Asylum seekers in Visegrad countries – forcibly

Tétényi, Tamás displaced or drawn by economic opportunities?
Barczikay
Jörn The relationship between state fragility and forced
Grävingholt, migration
Jana Kuhnt,
Charles Martin-
Shields
Parallel Panel 6b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Lucie Mackova

Eyja M. Merit, Luck, and Migrants

Brynjarsdottir
Martyna Electoral rights of homeless people - problems and
Hoffman chances in relation to issue of internal and external
migration. Case of Poland
Parallel Panel 6c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Cécile Blouin

Jean-Baptiste Syrian Labour Exploitation and the Competition of

Allegrini Misery in Lebanese Border Towns: New Habitus
and Conflicting Interests
Marko-Luka Epistemological Implications of Poverty
Zubčić
Parallel Panel 6d, Room: HS 122, Chair: Tabea Scharrer

Rani Kumari, Rags-to-Riches: Overseas Migration Propagated
Shekhar Ambati Development in Bihar*, India
Komi Ahiatroga Religion and Poverty Alleviation in Sub-Saharan
Hiagbe Africa: A Study of Anlo-Ewe Evangelical Christians’
Understanding of Poverty, Wealth, and Total Well-
Being

Nader Talebi Migration, expectations and decision: a case

study of Afghans and Iranians in Germany
Charles Martin- Information and communication technologies
Shields, Jana and decision-making among forcibly displaced
Kuhnt, Abel Oyuke, people: empirical analysis from Kenya
John Green
Parallel Panel 7b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Gaziza Tolesh

Lucy Williams ‘First the migrants and then us’: Poverty of

citizens and migrants in the UK
Marta Boniardi Moral vulnerability as a key factor of the
multidimensional poverty of the immigrant
population: What should be done and who
should do it
Parallel Panel 7c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Martyna Hoffman

Sarah Vancluysen Working together towards a durable refugee-host

relationship: case-study of South-Sudanese re-
fugees and their host communities in Northern
Uganda
Tiziana Parra The ontological poverty of the refugee: when the
body lacks any humanity
Parallel Panel 7d, Room: HS 122, Chair: Helmut P. Gaisbauer
Ides Nicaise, Round Table: Absolute Poverty in Europe

Patricia Kennedy,
Rebecca O‘Connell
Abstracts
Parallel Panel 1a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Tamara A. Kool
Yolanda Grift / Rosita Woodly-Sobhie
Impact of internal migration on poverty: testing urban inclusiveness
This paper assesses the impact of internal migration on poverty in Surin-

ame. Suriname, a South American country with a Dutch colonial backg-
round, has small population of approx. 575.000 inhabitants. Despite the
country’s huge amount of natural resources as crude oil and gold, it suf-
fers regularly from economic crises and (hyper)inflation. The country also
has an estimated poverty incidence varying from about 20 percent in the
urban region to 89 percent in the interior. The huge disparities between
these regions in the standard of living and labour market opportunities
leads to an ongoing internal migration. Currently, almost 70 percent of
the total population lives in the urban region which consist of a land area
of less than 1 percent of the total land surface. Although the standard of
living in the urban area is relatively much better than the rural and inte-
rior area, it is far from satisfying. The inequalities between for example
major ethnic groups or between married and unmarried couples are
huge and needs further research. This paper therefore not only explores
the role of migration on poverty. It also estimates the relative impact of
both the destination (current location of the household) and origin (pre-
vious location) circumstances of the migrated households. Using both
conventional regression analyses and diagonal reference matrix model-
ling, the main results are that 1) migration indeed lowers the relative risks
of poverty, 2) the circumstances of the destination have a relatively larger
impact than the origin, and 3) households with a migration background
tends to have a relatively lower risk to be observed poor compared to
their non-migrated peers.
Sandra Carrasco / Andrea Cook / Ashleigh Haw / Majdi Faleh

Cities for cohesion or marginalisation: Impact of the built-
environment in Refugee integration
For people from migrant and refugee backgrounds, positive interaction

with members of the host community is integral to their sense of belon-
ging and social cohesion. Many newcomers face significant challenges
during the process of adapting to the lifestyle of their new home whilst
attempting to preserve their own cultural identity, especially as they are
often regarded as outsiders by the local community. Literature to date
has shown that inappropriate housing and the lack of opportunities for
social interaction promote further exclusion and create notable barriers
to essential aspects of acculturation, including: learning English; emplo-
yment and educational outcomes; physical and mental well-being; and
gender equality. Furthermore, such systematic segregation has been
found to deepen the social discrepancies that can lead ethnic minori-
ties to withdraw from the host society entirely, further exacerbating
their risk of homelessness, antisocial behaviour, radicalisation, and victi-
misation. The current research addresses these issues by exploring the
housing challenges and experiences of migrants and refugees from the
horn of Africa and Sudan residing in public housing in inner-city neigh-
bourhoods in Melbourne, Victoria. The aim is to shed light on their con-
struction of a sense of ‘place’ and gain valuable insight into the daily life
experiences, achievements, and limitations they face during the process
of integration. The preliminary findings of this research will be presented
with emphasis on their implications for research, policy, and practice.
Parallel Panel 1b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Melati Nungsari

Victor Mlambo
Yes to REMITTANCES and no to BRAIN DRAIN? The puzzle facing
Socio-economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa
International migration from countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has

grown dramatically over the past decade, the factors pushing people to
leave sub-Saharan Africa – and the paths they take to arrive at their desti-
nations – vary from country to country and individual to individual, howe-
ver, poverty and the need to earn income have become major factors. The
increase in migration has had negative implications for socio-economic
development in the region and while people are migrating because of
poverty, their migration is also contributing to poverty and constrained
growth in SSA. The study, therefore, employed a strict textual analysis
of the available literature relevant to Migration, underdevelopment and
poverty in SSA. A qualitative research approach was utilized in the cour-
se of this study, the essence of this approach was to put into context of
understanding the dynamics, PERCEPTION AND implication of migrati-
on, furthermore, the approach was meant to contribute to the better un-
derstanding of there is a direct link between poverty and migration. The
study uncovered that while people migrated because of poverty, their
migration also indirectly contributed to poverty in the region, furthermo-
re, the migration of people with skills contributed to slowed socio-econo-
mic development as countries in SSA lost skills which could be used to
spur development. The study also found that while remittances sent by
migrant’s back home played a key role in addressing poverty and cont-
ributing to state budgets, however, their skills cannot be replaced which

hampers development. The study, therefore, suggested that govern-
ments in SSA must streamline policies to in order to attract investments,
markets must also be liberalized and governments must reduce their in-
vention in the markets, this would attract investments, increase employ-
ment and reduce poverty, hence, in turn, reducing migration from SSA.
Carlos Villalobos Barría

Poverty as Migration Constraining Condition. Micro-data based
evidence from Chile.
Despite the impressive growth experienced in Chile during the past two
decades, the improvement of the living standards has not been evenly
distributed across the territory. In a context where it is expected that
migration may work as a mechanism to equalize relative resource scarci-
ties over regions, Soto & Torche (2004) show evidence that migration has
become increasingly less important as an equalizing mechanism for re-
gional disparities. This mechanism would be effective if individuals move
towards regions and/or sectors where their skills would receive higher re-
turns. The expectation is that migrant workers would engage in arbitrage
of labour earning differentials.
Using the 2006 and 2015 Chilean household survey, this paper, th-
roughout a tree-step empirical strategy, investigates the structural rea-
sons why internal migration has not been an effective equalising mecha-
nism of regional income disparities. Our empirical strategy controls for
the self-selection of migrants, relies on a non-endogenous wage differen-
tial and propose a variable to control for the migration disadvantage of
belonging to a less educated family and being multidimensionally poor.
We find that the market signals observed by potential migrants are
inversely correlated with the level of family education while both variab-
les are structural determinants of migration. Moreover, a measure chro-
nical multidimensional poverty, which is based on the AF method (Alkire
and Foster, 2011) and relies on the official normative decisions by the
Chilean authorities, also explains the lack of mobility amongst potential
migrants. Thus, potential equalizing migration flows are constrained by
the unequal distribution of human capital and multidimensional poverty
condition across households.
From the utilitarian point of view, this paper raises the question of
poverty not just the lack of resources but also lacking command over pro-
ductive investment decisions. From the Sen’s Capability view, this paper
confirms that poverty translates into low achievements in the functio-
ning space that might be fundamental to escape poverty.
Parallel Panel 1c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Mariella Falkenhain

Patrizia Rinaldi
A lost future: the transition to adulthood for unaccompanied
migrant minors
Undocumented and unaccompanied, in recent years, we have seen an

increasing number of unaccompanied migrant minors reaching the bor-
ders of Europe and the United States. Minors emigrate for the same rea-
sons as adults, with the addition of others, linked to family conflicts and
/ or within the group to which they belong. Alone and vulnerable on the
move, when they reach the destination countries they are confronted
with the European protection system. The principle of “the best interest
of the child”, enshrined in international, European and national law, pro-
vides the basis for the protection of minors, but is reconfigured through
outsourcing services that are often not translated into positive results for
children’s well-being. In fact, state institutions and non-governmental ac-
tors often find themselves wrapped up in a complex, contradictory and
costly bureaucratic procedure that does not meet the best interests and
leaves vulnerable children, defeated by the lack of access to the protec-
tion system due. There is a particularly growing criticism on the quality
of protection in European countries, as it extends the requirement to ‘in-
tegrated’ to migrant children. Even though they are often still viewed as
in need of integration and targeted by integration policies here are many
obstacles to overcome.
In this paper, I focus on the so-called ‘unaccompanied migrant mi-
nors” in transition to adulthood. By discussing their particularities, I aim
to draw attention to the specific inequalities that they are facing in Euro-
pean societies. The empirical research shows that these minors to reach
adult age, are lost in the shadow of marginalization and illegality.
Through analysis of empirical research, with a questionnaire, sub-
mitted to a sample of young people who have reached adulthood within
the protection system in Spain, I design a model of regional and national
integration. I conclude by recommending a move beyond the integrati-
on paradigm to an equality paradigm that addresses the specific needs
of migrant children, but at the same time is mindful of the homogenising
group categories it constructs Keywords: migrant children, international
protection, integration, socio-legal.
Isabelle Brantl / Barbara Klein

Missing unaccompanied minors in migration as a high-risk group
While de facto protracted refugees remain warehoused (Jacobsen 2001;

Omata & Kaplan 2013), at the same time many seek pathways to the la-
bour market albeit formally or informally (e.g. De Haan & Zoomers 2005;
Jacobsen 2002, 2014). The Middle East is a region that has known a long
tradition of refugee flows (Hanafi 2014). Though practices of reception of
refugees in Jordan have shifted over time (Davis et al 2017), prior to the
implementation of the 2016 Jordan Compact refugees are largely go-
verned by the same regulation as applicable to other ‘guests’ as Jordan is
neither signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention nor has any domestic
law pertaining to the rights of refugees.
This places refugees on the same level as economic migrants in
terms of rights. Nonetheless, reports indicated that refugees are different
in terms of labour market engagement compared to economic migrants
due to their family situation and subsequent limited flexibility in terms of
accepting positions in the labour market (see e.g. Razzaz 2017). The ques-
tion remains how the status as economic migrant or refugee translates
into labour market engagement if the demographic background of the
individual is similar?
Using the 2016 Jordan National Child Labour Survey, this study ana-
lyses the effect of status on labour market engagement among house-
holds with children between the age of 5 and 17. In the analyses, we first
employ a multinomial regression analysis to estimate the effect of vari-
ous labour market characteristics on being employed for refugees and
economic migrants respectively when compared to the Jordanian host
community. Next, we set out to understand to which extent refugees and
economic migrants are included in the labour market (Bhalla and Lapey-
re 1997; Silver 2015). Employing a two-step Heckman sample selection
model on being employed, the study analyses to which extent the status
as refugees or economic migrants shapes their labour market engage-
ment. This study thus contributes to the ongoing debate on migration,
classification and social exclusion.
Parallel Panel 1d, Room: HS 122, Chair: Stephen Phillips

Tabea Scharrer
The Status Paradox reconsidered. The Role of Class in Somali
Migration.
This presentation will discuss the connection between class and migrati-
on, using the example of Somalian refugees. While in Europe and North
America Somalians are regarded as one of the least ‘successful’ group of
migrants, often dependent on social security, in Kenya they are seen as
almost too successful. I argue that these apparently contradictory images
are not only due to a status paradox of migration (Nieswand 2011), but also
to the neglect of aspects of class in much of the forced migration litera-
ture. Even though it was claimed time and again that class as a concept is
not useful for African societies (Goody 1971, Neubert & Stoll 2018), I argue
that class matters also when other categories, such as ethnicity and clan,
are more prominent for identification processes. Class, in the sense of
the socio-economic foundation of ‘life chances’, including the possibili-
ty for education and physical mobility, not only influences where people
can migrate to, but also how they are able to settle in the new place. In
the case of Somalian migration three different groups can be observed -
people from poor families stay within the country or the region, not able
to move beyond; migrants from middle class backgrounds often move
abroad, but stay in an insecure position in the new place; only migrants
from upper class families are able to move back to East Africa after ha-
ving lived abroad, enabled by their financial resources and ‘Western’ citi-
zenship. This presentation is based on fieldwork in Kenya.
Merita H Meçe
The impact of migration and poverty on reshaping gender roles
among rural women in Albania
Albania’s post-socialist transformation has been a lengthy process to-

wards market economy. Even though it is positioned as an upper-middle
income country with an ambitious agenda towards European integra-
tion, its economic growth did not always yield positive results. High un-
employment rate has fuelled both internal and international migration
exposing remote rural areas to high depopulation and poverty. Demo-
graphic shrinking of the working age group combined with high poverty
rate has significantly affected household life and gender division of tasks.
Pressure to reshape gender roles has been immense despite their cultu-
rally-dependent feature. The livelihoods framework suggests that social
capital is an important investment that facilitates exchange among the

poor and serves as an informal safety net to cope with poverty. But social
relations among men and women and their participation in production
cycle are culturally bound. Gender differences in control and access to re-
sources dictate their mechanisms to cope with poverty and expose them
to several externalities.
Based on the livelihoods framework, this paper will examine how
migration and poverty affect gender roles in the remote rural areas of
Northern Albania. It uses primary data collected through focus groups
with 55 rural women from 8 villages during the period August-October
2018. Using women’s lens it will highlight how their negotiation process
has changed women’s agency and increased pressure as breadwinners.
It will conclude that poverty and migration did not have the same impact
on men and women. Their daily household burden was doubled when
women were involved in other outside activities to contribute to family
income. This should be considered from local government officials when
they design local policies to tackle poverty in remote rural areas.

Panels 2a & 3a together form a Panel about “Migrants in Russia: Oppor-
tunities and Challenges”
The Panel is sponsored by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(RFBR), project No. 18-011-01106
Inna A. Vershinina
Labor migrants in Russia: better life or poverty?
Russia is involved in intensive international migration; there are about

11 million migrants from different countries on its territory. At the same
time, about 11 million Russians live outside the country. The majority of
labor migrants who come to Russia are engaged in low-skilled labor.
A significant part of labor migrants in Russia are from Uzbekistan and
Tajikistan (more than 5 million migrants in 2018, among them about 2.5
million are labor migrants). Migrants from Tajikistan receive the lowest
wages in Russia and more often than others face the problem of poverty.
Labor migrants from Tajikistan, as a rule, are not going to stay in Russia;
they come to earn money and go back home: 90 percent of migrants
from Tajikistan are married, but only 5 percent come to Russia with their
wives, 3 percent invite their wives for some time. Usually they occupy jobs
in construction and housing and communal services; often work illegally
(about 30 percent), even without health insurance.
More than 11 percent of Tajikistan’s population live and work in Rus-

sia, and in 2018 they sent home about $2 billion. They want to send the
maximum possible amount for their families, so they live in Russia charily.
Ticket to Russia for them is already a significant investment that needs
to be repaid (about €200 with an average salary in Tajikistan of €140). In
Russia, migrants earn about €400; however, they try not to spend them
on themselves but to send home. 5-10 people live in small apartments,
not all of them have even hot water. They eat mainly bread with milk, the
cheapest products that do not provide them all vitamins and necessary
elements. You can live cheaply in Russia, one of the former officials said
that €50 per month for food is enough; however, this is not a full life, but
only survival in conditions of extreme poverty.
Labor migrants usually leave their countries looking for a better life.
Reality often cheats their expectations and becomes a way to poverty.
Daria E. Dobrinskaya
Russian digital nomads: precariat or elite?
Digital nomadism is a new social phenomenon that is associated with

the digitalization and networking effects of the modern world, which is
manifested in a return to a nomadic (seminomadic) lifestyle. The globa-
lization has significantly raised the level of mobility. At the same time,
the development of information and communication technologies has
increased the connectivity. Digital nomads are migrants who travel „light-
weight“, armed with a set of digital gadgets with the ability to be cons-
tantly connected to the Web. As a rule, digital nomads are qualified spe-
cialists. The nature of their activities is temporary. They have both the
relative freedom to choose the activities in projects they find attractive,
and the possibility to implement several projects simultaneously.
The article attempts to analyze the migration of Russian qualified
specialists who leave the country looking for better life. Those who are
striving for a nomadic lifestyle are in the focus of the research. For mo-
dern nomads, the typical activities are those of collection, storage and
processing of information, as well as data exchange and filtering. Digi-
tal nomads are mobile and connected. Does this make them a new eli-
te of the digital society or, on the contrary, create conditions for being
precariat? One possible way to answer to this question is to analyze the
problem of the digital divide in the context of the spread of the digital
nomadism. The access to the Web and the variety of digital skills endow
modern nomads with life chances, which ultimately affect their income
level, professional skills and social status. At the same time there are seri-
ous challenges associated with the risk of becoming a part of precariat. It
is shown that the work outside Russia is not necessarily more profitable
than within the country. The reasons include the high costs of living in
another country, the lack of a stable income, as well as the lack of reliable
professional self-identification and social guarantees. At the same time,
it is shown that access to the Web and a high level of digital skills make
potential digital nomads competitive and in demand within their native
country too.
Parallel Panel 2b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Jana Kuhnt

Frodo Podschwadek
Poverty, Assimilation, and Justice
A common demand on immigrants upon entering a new country is for

them to assimilate. This idea – due to its vagueness – might be ideally sui-
ted for political campaigning or informal discussions in the pub. From the
perspective of political philosophy, however, such requirements cannot
be made without first establishing their legitimacy.
I am going to argue that the legitimacy of a requirement for assi-
milation is grounded in a state’s obligation to alleviate poverty. First, I
take for granted the basic egalitarian assumption that poverty, i.e., a lack
of resources necessary to live a decent live, is a problem of distributive
justice. Second, I assume that immigrants hold, if not legally then at least
morally, a similar status to native citizens and that therefore the state’s
obligation to alleviate poverty covers both groups to the same extent.
These normative assumptions develop their force when combined
with research about the factors determining the economic opportuni-
ties of immigrants. It has been shown that the economic situation of im-
migrants correlates with their language skills, as well as with additional
culture-related social skills and legal background knowledge. In light of
these findings, an egalitarian state has a legitimate right to require a de-
gree of assimilation from immigrants in order to prevent them from slip-
ping below a certain poverty threshold. This right is in turn generated by
the prior obligation of the state to alleviate poverty among its population.
However, the degree of assimilation that the state can legitimately
require from immigrants on these grounds will be restricted to particular
aspects of public life. Legitimate requirements will include a sufficiency
level for a range of skills and knowledge with relevant impact on one’s
economic opportunities. A wide range of cultural and religious preferen-
ces will remain unaffected by these requirements. I will also argue that
these requirements generate further obligations for the state to provide
adequate educational means for immigrants and further, that the state
must communicate the justificatory reasons behind its assimilation re-
quirements publicly and transparently.
Kyoko Shinozaki / Ruth Abramowski / Dženeta Karabegović / Lena

Stöllinger / Anna Winkler
Refugees between civic engagement and populism: how can
refugees and civil society actors unfold their own capabilities?
Debates on refugee movements are shifting from ‘arrival’, to that of

‘(forced) return’ for some, and that of ‘integration’ in the ‘receiving’ con-
text for those who stay. It is this latter shift which has paved the way for
the emergence of populism on the one hand, and that of civil engage-
ment, on the other. It compels us to analyse the stayers through a lens of
social inequalities. Social inequalities denote a systematic lack of access
among individuals and social groups to both material and immaterial
valued resources due to their societal positions. Meanwhile, however, in-
equality scholarship has been critiqued by migration scholars for neglec-
ting the spatial dimension, taking for granted nation-state-based society
as a unit of reference.
Taking these debates as a point of departure, this paper first exa-
mines the extent of inequalities in terms of education, employment and
housing that have begun to be formed among refugees’ lives, compared
to non-migrant and migrant groups, using the “IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey
of Refugees” in Germany and the “Displaced Persons in Austria Survey”.
Second, we map the networks of civil society actors providing refuge-
es with support in Salzburg and explore the ways in which, despite the
ever-present populist rhetoric, these may help refugees to unfold their
own capabilities to integrate in the local society while simultaneously
staying connected with their hometowns. By doing so, this paper also
sheds light on some of the ways in which civil society actors themselves
are undergoing changes through refugee migration.
Parallel Panel 2c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Anita Heindlmaier

Nurlia Listiani / Temesgen Kifle / John Mangan
Return Migrants Entrepreneurship as a tool to stimulate rural
development in East Lombok, Indonesia
Indonesia is one of the examples of a developing country that has a high

and increasing year-on-year rate of international labour migration. In 2016,
there were 3,686,000 Indonesian migrant workers, sending USD9,412 mil-
lion back to Indonesia. This condition makes Indonesia as one of the ma-
jor sending countries of migrant workers in the world. Therefore, every
day, there are more than one thousand people return to their home from
working abroad either it is permanent or temporary.
One of the channel to link between migration and rural develop-

ment is return migration. The migrant workers themselves are an import-
ant asset. They could bring some new knowledge, financial capital (sa-
ving or cash money), and social capital (networking) which help them to
start their own business upon return to benefit their village. On the other
hand, some literature suggests that many return migrant entrepreneuri-
al activities fail to create wealth in their place of origin.
The purpose of this study is to analyse how return migrant entre-
preneur contributes in rural development. To do so, we consider using
mixed methods analysis. We start with examining the personal charac-
teristics of return migrants who create a new business upon return by
using a Probit model. Then, we will apply qualitative method (case study)
to see the importance of return migrant entrepreneurs’ role in their own
locality and to analyse how return migrant entrepreneurs effect in the
long run by creating jobs and reducing poverty. The data utilised in this
study come from a survey done by the author in 2018 and contain 280 ob-
servations in three villages (North Jenggik, Tetebatu and Pringgajurang).
In-depth interview with 25 migrant workers and some stakeholders also
have done to seek more information. As a result, first, this study will con-
tribute to our knowledge of the determinants of return migrant entre-
preneur. Second, to advance our understanding of the linking process of
return migration and development in migrants’ home of origin.
Lucie Mackova
Voluntary return migration to Armenia: Is poverty a concern?
What makes people voluntarily return to a country that is perceived as

“poor”? What are the other factors at play that might influence people’s
decision to migrate back to their country of origin? This paper looks at the
return motivations for Armenian returnees and the factors that influence
their subsequent stay in Armenia. It mainly inquires about the role of re-
turnees’ decisions and experiences through semi-structured qualitative
interviews with returnees and key informants in Armenia that took place
in the summer 2016 and January 2018. The returnees who were intervie-
wed had spent a different time period in Armenia and were in different
stages of their return. This paper also aims to look at the social change in
Armenia that can take place through the phenomena of return migrati-
on and social remittances and it also inquires about the ways how the so-
cial capital and migrant networks are shaping the ways returnees enga-
ge with their future projects. However, there are broader changes taking
place in the Armenian society such as changing social norms, including
the gender norms. Some of these can be partially explained by the phe-
nomenon of return migration and the social remittances returnees exert.
The paper further highlights that some factors such as work-life balance
or family life are seen as more important than the living standards for
many returnees. While some returnees preferred to have everything ar-
ranged before their physical return, for others obtaining a job in Armenia
was not the only factor that mattered. Yet others took a step-wise appro-
ach to return and decided to come back for a few months to see what the
return is like and it only became permanent with their prolonged stay.
Finally, some returnees are considering re-migration but might stay put
and immobile because of the difficulties with leaving the country.
Parallel Panel 2d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Eyja M. Brynjarsdottir

Aynur Sarısakaloğlu
Poverty and intercultural conflicts as key indicators of social
exclusion: A study of Syrian citizens taking refuge in Austria
The migration flows of Syrian citizens have been the focus of consider-
able public concern in the last few years. News media have a function
as a bridge between “the world outside and the pictures in our heads”
(Lippman 1922, 3) and thus play an important role in shaping public dis-
courses, since they can influence the way Syrian refugees are perceived
by the host society. Recent media studies show that economic consid-
erations are one of the significant variables in the discourse of social ex-
clusion of Syrian citizens. Inadequate income and unemployment due to
lack of required skills and education are key indicators of social exclusion.
But not only poverty, also cultural differences reduce the opportunity to
participate in the social life of the host society.
The purpose of this study is to analyse the particular socio-eco-
nomic situation of Syrian refugees in Austria and the role of culture for
living together in societies hosting different cultures in order to explore
the lack of participation in social life which refers to intercultural conflicts
between Syrian and Austrian citizens. Incompatibility of cultural values,
norms, scarce resources and outcomes in mediated or face-to-face cont-
ext are few of the aspects that evoke intercultural conflicts (Ting-Toomey
& Oetzel 2013, 764). To understand how intercultural conflicts arise and
how they can be avoided or alleviated, this paper turns to Gudykunst’s
(1998) anxiety/uncertainty management theory and Berry’s (1997) accul-
turation strategies (1997) to look at the different factors that influence the
effectiveness of intercultural communication and the process of social
inclusion or exclusion of Syrian refugees.
Using quantitative data collected from almost 160 Syrian refugees,
the results show that lack of the host society’s language has an impact
upon the ability of the refugees to interact and communicate with the
members of the host society. Further, ethnic and religious differences are
noted as the most important obstacles against acculturation. Overall, the
results of this study indicate that Syrian refugees are socially excluded
and isolated not only from the host communities as a cultural and social
threat but also due to their own attitudes towards different cultures and
willingness for integration.
Michal Pavlásek
In my homeland, people honoured me, here I found myself on the
fringe
Over the past few years, I have played a few roles in relation to what the
media called the „refugee crisis“: I found myself in the position of a vo-
lunteer assisting at the so-called Balkan Migration Route in meeting the
basic human needs of refugees, a documentary film-maker and an inde-
pendent reporter, with my professional orientation of an ethnologist/an-
thropologist being inevitably reflected in all these roles. Among the peo-
ple on the run, I therefore viewed events from several perspectives. Also,
on the borders of several countries, I could observe the behaviour and
coexistence of actors with whom I was in constant contact - refugees, hu-
manitarian organizations, local government authorities, and members of
national law enforcement agencies who represented the oversight over
the mobility control of „people in migration“.
In my paper, I would first like to present the dilemmas and issues I
have attempted to reflect in various public debates from the position of
„an academic thrown headfirst into the migration flow“. These include, in
particular, the burdensome ethical question of inequalities between the
subject and the „object“ of the research. In this puzzle I would like to find
a small piece of insight into our understanding of the worlds of suffering
that are beset by wars or extreme poverty, when the actors of these forms
of misery are perceived as „harbingers of bad news“ (Bauman 2016), and
are constantly blamed and punished for the content of the messages
they bring.
In addition to reflecting on ethical issues in relation to actors of the
contemporary migration to Europe, I want to focus on monitoring the
new life stage of four refugees from four different countries (Syria, Iraq, Af-
ghanistan and Pakistan) who have found their home in four different Eu-
ropean countries – Austria (Salzburg), Germany (Berlin), Greece (Athens)
and Serbia (Belgrade). I will make an attempt to compare their position
with regard to their pre-migration economic situation in their countries
of origin, which they had to involuntarily flee, and their economic situa-
tion in the countries in which they attempt to integrate and start a new
phase of their lives. In doing so, I take into account the fact that, despite
the different economic and social conditions in the new countries, their
current position is shaped by the need to cope with traumatic refugee
experiences, stigmatization by the majority society, social marginalizati-
on and poverty.

Panels 2a & 3a together form a Panel about “Migrants in Russia: Oppor-
tunities and Challenges”
The Panel is sponsored by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(RFBR), project No. 18-011-01106
Tatiana S. Martynenko
Educational migration in Russia: opportunity or poverty
Globalization, the development of information technology and transport,

the Bologna process, educational grants and other factors make interna-
tional educational migration popular and massive. Russia is no exception
and is actively involved in student exchanges. The issue of brain drain and
the recruitment of migrants from less skilled countries is widely discus-
sed. However, social problems that are caused by internal educational
migration are rarely discussed.
The cause of internal educational migration in Russia is not only
the quality of education, but further employment perspectives for uni-
versity graduates. This is a voluntary migration, the purpose of which is to
increase life chances. Despite the fact that there are currently more than
1,000 higher education institutions in Russia, most of them are located
in the European part of the country. One of the attempts to create good
educational institutions on the periphery is the formation of a system of
federal universities. About 50% of all migrants come to Moscow and the
Moscow region. Only a third of them return to their home region after
receiving a diploma.
Educational migration is seen as an opportunity to get out of the
“poverty trap”. This practice existed in the USSR. University graduates
could be employed by the state in different regions, and also received
a hostel and a grant, which was enough for a month. Today, the aver-
age grant size is about 30 euros. Lack of housing is also a problem for
migrants. According to The Economist Group, Moscow ranks 12th in the
list of the most expensive cities in the world.
One sided educational migration, which aims to break out of the
poverty trap, can create one. On the one hand, we observe negative
consequences for the regions: the level of human capital decreases, the
population structure is deformed. On the other hand, the loss of social
connections and the lack of housing forces students to work, spending
less time studying. Moving to a more expensive region reduces their qua-
lity of life. The probability of finding a job with high wages is very low.
Thus, one sided educational migration contributes to spatial inequality
and poverty.
Anna V. Liadova
Migrants’ health: the case of Russia
Migration is one of the defining features of the globalised world. As peo-

ple move over around the world, one of the actual item for the agenda is
migrants’ health and global health care. As migration takes place for dif-
ferent reasons, there are different categories of migrants over the world:
refugees, students, economic migrants. They are different in health level.
Also they have different resources for health caring. The present paper
focuses on the labour migration and its health risks. As it is showed by
the enormous studies, in majority cases the labour migration is linked
to poverty. This influence has two sides: positive and negative. The case
of migrants from the former Soviet republics are a good example. For
example, labour migration can reduce poverty and provide better living
standard, because of increased income. But every medal has its reverse.
Because of low social strata and lose of professional skills, migrants face
poverty and social exclusion in host countries, that has a very negative
effect on their health. Despite it, illegal migrants have potential risks for
health of native population, as they don’t have approved health status
after their arrival. As it showed by state statistics, they are the source for
increasing of incidents of HIV and tuberculosis infections. Special atten-
tion has to be paid in the case of migrant women‘ health. Because of low
income, bad life conditions, they have to interrupt unwilled pregnancy
or throw away their children to shelters. One of the key issues is lack of
migrants‘ health insurance, that leads to self-treating and epidemics. To
conclude, the health, migration and poverty are those factors, which have
to being the most one for the world sustainable development in future.
Parallel Panel 3b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Kiril Sharapov

Sikanyiso Masuku / Jeremy Seekings
Refugees` access to social capital and the challenge of socio-
economic development: A lens through the experiences of
Congolese refugees in South Africa.
Since the beginning of the new millennium there was a major shift in the
policies towards immigration and immigrants in Germany. The German
government started to create an immigration friendly atmosphere all
over the country. Most significant development on migration and asylum
in Germany during the reporting period was the implementation of the
Immigration Act on 1 January 2005. The government formally recognized
that Germany had indeed become an “immigration country”. German
government took it’s time to realize and acknowledge that it has become
a heterogeneous society which is mostly shaped by immigration. So the
official delay in order to admit that influenced the attitude of Germans

towards immigrants and it developed a strong anti immigrant attitude in
their minds. The opinion on immigration is entirely different among peo-
ple who have immigrant background and people who don’t. According
to the latest „micro-census 2018, out of 80 million people, 19.3 million peo-
ple have immigration background. People with immigrant background
apparently support the immigration more and the increasing number
of people with immigration background over the last two decades ch-
anged the whole national level public opinion on immigration in a po-
sitive way. Altogether, they have become more welcoming Studies say
that the percentage of Germans who believed there were too many im-
migrants living in Germany went down from 79% in 1984 to 53% in 2008.
According to integration Barometer 2018, on immigration, among more
than 200,000 participants from 11 European countries, some 80 percent
of German youth believe that immigration enriches cultural diversity in
their country. German millennials are the most welcoming of immigrants
in all of Europe, in spite of a perceived increase in negative attitudes to-
wards immigrants and refugees in the country. Hostility towards asylum
seekers was more than twice as high among the older generation of 60
years and above compared with the age group 16 to 35.
Tamara A. Kool / Zina Nimeh / Musa Shteiwi

Keeping up with the Joneses: Non-Jordanians in the Jordanian
labour market
While de facto protracted refugees remain warehoused (Jacobsen 2001;

Omata & Kaplan 2013), at the same time many seek pathways to the la-
bour market albeit formally or informally (e.g. De Haan & Zoomers 2005;
Jacobsen 2002, 2014). The Middle East is a region that has known a long
tradition of refugee flows (Hanafi 2014). Though practices of reception of
refugees in Jordan have shifted over time (Davis et al 2017), prior to the
implementation of the 2016 Jordan Compact refugees are largely go-
verned by the same regulation as applicable to other ‘guests’ as Jordan is
neither signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention nor has any domestic
law pertaining to the rights of refugees.
This places refugees on the same level as economic migrants in
terms of rights. Nonetheless, reports indicated that refugees are different
in terms of labour market engagement compared to economic migrants
due to their family situation and subsequent limited flexibility in terms of
accepting positions in the labour market (see e.g. Razzaz 2017). The ques-
tion remains how the status as economic migrant or refugee translates
into labour market engagement if the demographic background of the
individual is similar?
Using the 2016 Jordan National Child Labour Survey, this study ana-
lyses the effect of status on labour market engagement among house-
holds with children between the age of 5 and 17. In the analyses, we first
employ a multinomial regression analysis to estimate the effect of vari-
ous labour market characteristics on being employed for refugees and
economic migrants respectively when compared to the Jordanian host
community. Next, we set out to understand to which extent refugees and
economic migrants are included in the labour market (Bhalla and Lapey-
re 1997; Silver 2015). Employing a two-step Heckman sample selection
model on being employed, the study analyses to which extent the status
as refugees or economic migrants shapes their labour market engage-
ment. This study thus contributes to the ongoing debate on migration,
classification and social exclusion.
Parallel Panel 3c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Isabelle Brantl

Stephen Phillips
State-created poverty as a deterrent for asylum seekers
Human vulnerability manifests in many forms, and can be more readi-

ly apparent in some individuals than in others. This paper explores the
extent to which the denial of the vulnerability label to certain individu-
als and groups can lead to an increase in their level of vulnerability, as
through their exclusion from services they are often placed at greater risk
of poverty and social exclusion. Poverty is used as a tool by states that aim
to send the message to prospective asylum seekers that should they at-
tempt to enter their territories they will be forced to live in conditions that
have in various cases been found to constitute inhuman and degrading
treatment. The paper will focus on the case of single male asylum seek-
ers, a group who make up a considerable number of asylum seekers but
who often fail to arouse the sympathy of governments, NGOs, and the
public. Single men are in many cases screened out of support programs
due to their perceived lack of need when compared to men with families,
women, and children, and as a result may be more prone to destitution
and homelessness.
This paper looks at single male asylum seekers in community set-
tings and juxtaposes their exclusion from services and risk of poverty
with that of other groups of asylum seekers. This case study is used as a
reference point to examine how the vulnerability concept is theorised,
constructed and applied, and to demonstrate the exclusionary nature of
the vulnerability concept and its potential (mis)use as a tool of power.
Such misuses of power can result in divisive and harmful exclusionary
practices that run counter to notions of social justice, and which allow
states to circumvent their responsibilities under international human

rights law. The paper then locates asylum seeker vulnerability within the
deterrence framework favoured by many states, arguing that the crea-
tion of conditions of vulnerability through poverty and exclusion is em-
ployed as a deliberate deterrence measure by states that seek to prevent
access to their territories by asylum seekers.
Cevdet Acu
Social and Institution Barriers of the Syrian Refugee
Entrepreneurship in Turkey
The world is experiencing an all-time highest number of displaced peo-

ple due to persecution, violence, and human right violations. According
to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at the
end of 2017, the number of forcibly displaced persons reached 68.5 milli-
on. Refugees are one of the most vulnerable groups in the world in many
aspects, but one of the biggest obstacles is to enter the labour market in
order to have a decent job in the hosting countries. Access to the labour
market and employment are widely accepted as indicator of successful
settlement for refugees in the receiving countries. Beyond providing fi-
nancial independence and wellbeing, employment is seen as a core do-
main of integration of refugees in the hosting countries.
All refugees do not have a same experience regarding facing bar-
riers when they try to enter a labour market, as each refugee has very
diverse socio-economic background. Some of them worked as medical
doctors, academics, lawyers, or engineers while others were employed in
low-skilled occupations before they had to leave their home country. Ho-
wever, there are a several common the structural and personal barriers
such as discrimination and bureaucratic inefficiency, non-transferability
of job qualifications, cultural differences, and lack of labour market infor-
mation, insufficient language skills, and refugees` experience related to
torture and trauma backgrounds. Employment of refugees help them to
not marginalised in a society where they live, as a result, it is quite vital to
analyse the barriers when refugees try to enter the labour market to be
able have a decent life. All people, regardless their ethnic identity, religi-
ous belief, and sexual orientation, have a right not to live in poverty and
contribute to the society in which they live.
This working paper will investigate common barriers of a labour
market towards refugees, and it will try to highlight the main problems.
It will also analyse the flaws in literature regarding refugees` barriers in
the labour market. Finally, this paper will expect to encourage further de-
bate regarding employment barriers for displaced people in the hosting
countries.
Parallel Panel 3d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Meike Bukowski

Alellie Sobreviñas
International Migration and Poverty: Evidence from the Household
Panel Dataset of a Selected Municipality in the Philippines
International migration is a very relevant issue for the Philippines given

the large number of Filipinos who work and live abroad and the signifi-
cant amount of remittances they send to their families back home. Given
that international migration is a common economic strategy adopted by
many Filipinos, it is very interesting to understand how it affects poverty.
In this context, this study examined the impact of international migrati-
on on poverty using panel data of households generated from the Com-
munity-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) of the municipality of Orion in
the province of Bataan in the Philippines. In particular, a household-level
panel dataset was constructed by matching the same household over
the three periods covered in this study (i.e., 2006, 2009 and 2012). The
constructed panel dataset provided useful information in monitoring the
changes in the poverty status and migration status of households and
more importantly, in analyzing the impact of international migration on
poverty among households.
By employing panel data techniques in the analysis, this study was
able to address some of the methodological problems in estimating the
impact of international migration as it allows control for time-invariant
unobservable characteristics. Result confirmed that households with a
migrant member have higher per capita income compared to those wi-
thout a migrant member, holding other factors constant. At the same
time, results showed that households with a migrant member are less
likely to be poor compared to those without a migrant member. In fact,
looking at the different measures used in the study, it was found that the
odds of being income poor and being multidimensionally poor is signi-
ficantly reduced for households with a migrant member, controlling for
some household and community level characteristics, as well as specific
events that happened in each period To further expand the analysis, a
similar study which constructs a household panel dataset based on exis-
ting CBMS data may be done as well in other municipalities in the Philip-
pines with more than one round of CBMS implementation.
Cécile Blouin
The migration experience of the Venezuelan population in Lima:
intersectional views
The situation of humanitarian and political crisis in Venezuela has gene-

rated a massive migration towards a diversity of countries such as Spain
and the United States and, in recent years, to South America. Peru has
become one of the main destination countries for Venezuelan people,
having reached almost 500, 000 migrants from the beginning of 2017
and the end of 2018. Peru, in addition, has become the first country of
asylum seekers from Venezuela with 156,700 applicants, representing al-
most the 40% of the total number of applicants of this nationality around
the world. It should be noted that according to data from the Internatio-
nal Organization for Migration (IOM), almost the 80% of the Venezuelan
population in Peru lives in Lima.
Although this migration was characterized as a highly professio-
nal masculine migration in a first moment, women, children and people
from the middle and lower social-stratification arrived in the country in
the last year. This last group is characterized by a high vulnerability and
exclusion from Peruvian society. However, there are few studies dedica-
ted to these migrants.
This study aims to understand the differences experiences of migra-
tion by Venezuelan migrant (women and mens) living in Lima. Our hypo-
thesis is that the experience varies considerably according to their socioe-
conomic status, age, level of education, race and gender.
To achieve the goals of the study, we are using a mixed methodology,
which combines qualitative and quantitative data collection methods.
First, during the month of September 2018, we’ve conducted eighteen
semi-structured in-depth interviews with Venezuelan migrant living in
Lima. We’ve discussed around the process of inclusion in Peruvian society
and their experience of discrimination and exclusion. Secondly, from the
quantitative approach, a survey will be applied in March in eight points
of the city (around 400 surveys). The aim is to collect the experiences of
living in Lima referring to work, health, education, housing and discrimi-
nation.
This kind of research could be very useful to rethink the migratory
policies with a poverty and gender perspective.

Panels 3e & 4e together form the panel „The Migration-Organization-Po-
verty Nexus: Exploring and Expanding Thinking on Diaspora and Im/
mobility“
Élise Féron
Poverty, Diaspora Organizations and Conflicts - Exploring the
Intersection
Is poverty an important factor for explaining conflict-generated diaspo-

ra groups’ involvement in conflicts back home, or conflict transportati-
on between diaspora groups? And what role do diaspora organizations
play in these processes? It has already been shown that discrimination
in countries of residence can lead members of conflict-generated dias-
pora groups, in particular youth, who have no experience or prior interest
in conflicts raging in their home countries, to (re)invest in their national,
ethnic and/or religious identity. These processes of identity (re)discovery
can in turn lead to an interest and investment in what is happening in
their countries of origin. There are also clear indications that feelings of
relative deprivation can play a role in the transportation of home conflicts
towards countries of residence, especially when Diasporans are under
the impression that the members of the ‘other’ group are better off. De-
privation can generate group competition, and further reinforce identity
discourses built on pre-existing cleavages between groups. In parallel, di-
aspora organizations often hold contradictory discourses about the issue
of poverty. On the one hand, their members are expected to contribute
financially, but also culturally and socially, to their countries of origin; it is
for instance not rare for diaspora organizations to play on the guilt their
members feel towards their relatives left back home. As members of a
diaspora, they are expected to be better off than their counterparts still
living in countries of origin. On the other hand, many diaspora organiz-
ations build their discourses upon the image of Diasporans (then seen
primarily as migrants, worse off than the rest of the population in the
countries of settlement) as in need of economic support, and as more
likely to be discriminated against. This paper therefore argues that the
ways in which diaspora organizations contribute to narratives about po-
verty in diaspora settings play a crucial role at the diaspora/conflict nexus.
Building upon an intersectional approach, the paper contends that un-
derstanding diaspora groups’ involvement in countries of origin requires
to take into account not only identity, political and/or religious factors, but
also economic ones, and that it is primarily diaspora organizations that
articulate and strengthen this intersection.
Bruno Lefort
The “Lebanese Diaspora Energy”: a capitalist response to the global
challenge of poverty
This paper focuses on how an official diasporic organization, the Lebane-

se Diaspora Energy (LDE) encourages capitalist practices and imaginary
as a way to support Lebanon in the competition of the global market
economy. An initiative launched in 2014 by the Lebanese Ministry of Fo-
reign Affairs and Emigrants, the LDE organizes yearly conferences in Le-
banon as well as regional events across the globe. It intends to promote
the “eminent people of the Lebanese Diaspora (…) to celebrate their sto-
ries of success and engage in a strong and symbiotic partnership with
their fellow countrymen, to seek investment opportunities in Lebanon”.
This brief description, found on the organization’s website, reveals bet-
ween the lines an ambivalent migration-poverty nexus: on the one hand,
the elites of the Lebanese diasporic communities are mobilized to sup-
port Lebanon’s against poverty; one the other, it completely silences the
struggles of many among the emigrants whose stories do not fit into the
organization’s Lebanese identity narrative celebrating entrepreneurial
spirit and business success. Drawing on an ethnographic observation of
LDE activities as well as fieldwork among the Lebanese diaspora in Mon-
treal, this paper explores the practices promoted by the organization as
well as how they shape a vision of the Diaspora as an industry at the heart
of the global capitalism today. It argues that, using a (mis)conception of
solidarity, the LDE actually encourages not only the diffusion of business
imaginaries and the implementation of neoliberal policies but also a uni-
vocal, chauvinistic Lebanese identity narrative, recycling the old tropes of
the Christian national project and exclusive of all its margins. In particu-
lar, the vision of the LDE completely obliterates the poor, the foreigners
living on the Lebanese soil, as well as the common migration history of all
Levantine people before the creation of nation states. As such, the (dys)
functioning of the LDE appears emblematic of a capitalist response to
the global challenge of poverty, built on the apparent paradox of promo-
ting national solidarity among migrants to create practices and discour-
ses of exclusion both at the economic and political levels. Echoed in many
instances of the Lebanese diasporic life in Montreal, these exclusionary
forces are nonetheless contrasted with other forms of solidarities obser-
ved among the diaspora, which craft “existential territories” beyond the
boundaries of closed, segregated imaginaries.
Parallel Panel 4a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Carlos Villalobos Barría

Noelia Bueno Gómez
Debating the role of NGOs dedicated to help forced immigrants in
destination countries: philosophical considerations
Against an international backdrop of structural economic and social in-

justices, forced migration stands as one cause of social suffering. In this
presentation, I will first explain and contrast two philosophical positions
regarding the objectives and functions of NGOs -Peter Singer’s effective
altruism and Giorgio Agamben’s critique of certain humanitarian organ-
isations- with the aim of discussing the role of NGOs dedicated to help-
ing poor immigrants in the destination countries. Peter Singer’s effective
altruism posits that privileged people donate money to effective NGOs,
those dedicated to meeting the most pressing human needs irrespective
of where they live (particularly famine and health problems), thus relegat-
ing NGOs dedicated to culture or education to meeting secondary (not
primary) needs. On the contrary, Giorgio Agamben argues against hu-
manitarian organisations because he considers that humanitarian pro-
tection should not be removed from political protection, and that these
organisations tend to understand human life as “naked life”, in that they
reduce human beings to sets of survival needs.
I will then argue that structural injustices demand structural chan-
ges, and that the truly effective altruism should be dedicated to eradica-
ting structural injustice. Humanitarian help is pernicious if it consolidates
the social, political or economic differences that force people to migrate,
if it imposes a lower status than the citizens of the destination country or
if it reduces human beings to sets of physical needs. Is this an argument
against the very existence of NGOs dedicated to help immigrants? If not,
what kind of NGOs can provide them the help they need? Are NGOs
enough to drive structural change? In order to provide better answers
to these questions I take as an example of the objectives, functions and
activities of the local Spanish association Asturias Acoge, which is dedica-
ted to helping poor legal and illegal immigrants escaping from political
repression, extreme poverty and/or bleak prospects for improving their
living conditions (and the living conditions of their families) in the future.
Claudia Delgado Caballero

Debating the role of NGOs dedicated to help forced immigrants in
destination countries: guiding migrants through the bureaucratic
labyrinth
This contribution will focus on the mediating role of NGOs between the
state and vulnerable immigrants, at a time when this role is highly questi-
oned. As one of the main entry points to Europe, Spain has approximately
5 million of immigrants, of which roughly 1 million are undocumented.
This estimate is usually based on the difference between the number of
foreigners registered on all local census and the number of foreigners
with residence permits. Undocumented migrants must register on the
local census to enrol their children in school or access healthcare. In ad-
dition, registration on the local census can be essential for an undocu-
mented immigrant to obtain a residence permit. The most common way
to obtain such residence permit is to prove that they have lived in Spain
for three years and that they have been offered employment. Paradoxi-
cally, most immigrants must survive in an illegal situation for three years,
hoping to be finally recognised as legal residents. Over these three years
they are not entitled to work or to social aid, which ends up lending itself
to mental illness, poverty and marginalisation.
This poverty remains invisible and, consequently, it is not dealt with
by the state. If immigrants can survive in these conditions, it is due to their
own solidarity networks and also to local NGOs such as Asturias Acoge,
which nevertheless faces many administrative and bureaucratic hurdles,
mostly arising from the lack of adequacy between the funds provided
by the national and international institutions and the actual demands of
immigrants and their circumstances. Given their heightened awareness
and daily engagement, non-professional volunteers are usually more ca-
pable of identifying the specific necessities of immigrants than the ad-
ministration or even than social workers. This problem could be partly
solved with better training to social workers. Nevertheless, I will argue
that voluntary workers embody certain values that would disappear were
their work completely professionalised. Their help extends beyond mere
financial aid: they also give them a place in the social space and networks
in the destination countries.
Parallel Panel 4b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Rosita Woodly-Sobhie

Yodit Estifanos Afewerki

Post-migration living difficulties: from first reception centers to
squats
This chapter presents my fieldwork as a social worker in Reggio Calabria

and then as project manager in Rome. From May 2016 until December
2017, I was employed by Médecins du Monde (MdM) as social worker
within a project based on the access to public health care system for
migrants landing in Calabria. Since day one, we realized that migrants
and refugees did not just struggled to access healthcare but to all basic
first aid, therefore we had to reinvent and better our approach to answer
to their real needs. My work concerned in supporting disembarkation
procedures, providing psychosocial support activities for migrants adults
and minors, as well as assisting local authorities and actors involved in
the field of migration.
Since January 2018, I was assigned by MdM to a new and chal-
lenging project in Rome that as all capitals is one of the main point of
arrival or transit for migrants landing in the south of Italy making it reach
a number of presences among the highest in the country. The focus of
the intervention that will last 26 months has been the improvement of
the access to healthcare for migrants living in Rome in several type of
settlements such as occupied buildings by strengthening public services
capacities and through the empowerment of migrants and people in the
community.
In order to present, both the positive aspects of the work that has
being carried out by the civil society, and the daily difficulties, which arise
in dealing with an unprepared system and a hostile environment, this
chapter will describe the chaos of the welcoming system in the area whe-
re I worked, and how it affected migrants’ lives throughout the years.
Melati Nungsari
Issues Facing Refugees and Asylum-Seekers in Southeast Asia:
Narrowing the Gaps Between Theory, Policy, and Reality
Only two of the ten countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Na-
tions (ASEAN) have ratified the United Nation’s 1951 Refugee Convention,
implying that the vast majority of refugees in Southeast Asia are not le-
gally recognized by their host governments. The academic literature on
the design, execution, and impact evaluations of interventions designed
to improve the lives of refugees in Southeast Asia is sparse, limiting the
ability to create impactful public policy as there is very little data to guide
the process. Local organizations in each of these countries such as NGOs
and community-based refugee organizations possess a vast amount of
knowledge about the needs, issues, and possible solutions to problems
surrounding refugees, since they primarily work in the field, but they
typically do not rigorously document this knowledge or disseminate it
beyond their own networks. This could lead to a severe information asym-
metry problem between academics and field practitioners, causing an
inefficient over-investment in poorly designed research projects. In this
paper, we narrow this knowledge gap by using survey data collected at a
research workshop on forced migration and refugee studies held in Kuala
Lumpur in the summer of 2018. The sample includes 60 individuals from
a diverse range of backgrounds—asylum-seekers, refugees, academics,
NGO leaders and staff, representatives from United Nation agencies, and
government officials. Using thematic analysis, we extract the issues con-
sidered to be the most pressing for refugees from the data, as well as tho-
se issues considered important yet understudied. Then, we compare the-
se issues to what has already been addressed in the academic literature
to help narrow the gap between theory, policy, and reality. We also use
the data to construct a research process flowchart to aid researchers in
maximizing their impact through policy and advocacy, while at the same
time partnering with the refugee community throughout the entire rese-
arch process in order to better serve their needs.
Parallel Panel 4c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Yolanda Grift

Gaziza Tolesh
Integration of immigrants through Volunteering
Even though, until the late 1990s, Germany was assumed as “non-im-
migration country”, it has in fact received more immigrants than any
other country in Europe, and has the second largest share of foreign-born
population, after the United States. The largest groups of immigrants ar-
rived from Turkey, Poland, the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Italy
(Castles et al., 2014). A crucial question is this context is how immigrants
and their descendants can become part of the host society and the who-
le country. As an addition to standard integration policies, volunteering
has recently drawn significant attention of Malteser as an efficient tool of
integration. Therefore, the reason of this research on immigrant voluntee-
ring in the region of North/East Germany is to attempt to forecast positive
results of the upcoming Malteser’s project. Moreover, the paper tries to
confirm the efficiency of volunteering, i.e. carrying out activities on sup-
porting and helping other immigrants by immigrants, on their own free
will. To do so this paper analyses the preliminary observations, informal
discussions with people with migration background and data gathered

during the internship, as well as the existing literature drawn from the
vast literature on integration of migrants through volunteering, and the
immigration policies in Germany. As a next step and based on the Malte-
ser’s case study, the paper attempts to answer to the research question:
How immigrants can become part of the mainstream society through
the support of integration projects? The answer to the research question
is drawn from the findings of the case of upcoming Malteser’s project.
The most obvious finding to emerge from the analysis is that voluntee-
ring is a uniting occupation of immigrants with different background,
which facilitates smooth integration, returns the feeling of being needed,
in this case in the host society, and develops skills for future employment.
Moumita Mukherjee
Childhood Under-Nutrition, Inequity and Vulnerability Dynamics:
Case Study of the Sundarbans Delta Region, West Bengal, India
In this paper inequity measure is used to estimate differences in child-

hood chronic under-nutrition among different vulnerable population
subgroups. Inequity in ex ante sense or likelihood of inequity in nutritional
achievement is determined by estimating Concentration Index by ranking
the sample population as per different contextual absolute and predicted
vulnerabilities. Such vulnerabilities include climatic shock induced asset
loss, livelihood insecurity, physical accessibility and consumption sacri-
fice after treatment seeking of children for under-nutrition related mor-
bidities and perception of caregivers regarding quality and effectiveness
of care provided by unqualified providers. Results found that vulnerability
to consumption poverty aggravated chronic under-nutrition among less
vulnerable groups mainly among those who perceived that unqualified
providers provided quality service and were very effective during crisis.
Whereas, vulnerability to investment poverty due to asset loss aggravates
chronic under-nutrition among more vulnerable groups as their low eco-
nomic resilience against any safety net results in no treatment seeking
but rely on home remedies to cure the child. Though due to good soci-
al cohesion, traditional knowledge and beliefs for treatment are shared
among each other but this is not sufficient to break the under-nutrition
morbidity vicious circle, especially when the under-nutrition is chronic in
nature. So the paper finally suggests several policy suggestions for diffe-
rent vulnerable segments.
Parallel Panel 4d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Kristy Henderson

Zsolt Temesvary
Destitute Mobile Hungarian Citizens in the Swiss Homeless Care
After the extension of the European Union, the European Economic Com-
munity and the so called Schengen Area, hundred thousands of Hunga-
rians decided to leave their home country for living and working in one
of the economically developed countries of Western Europe. Even though
Switzerland is not member of the EU, it became the fourth most po-
pular emigration country among the Hungarians. Although most of the
emigrants are highly qualified young workers, there are a lot of poor and/
or homeless people who leave their home country because of poverty,
social exclusion, stigmatisation and marginalisation.
This paper aims to explore the living conditions, migration-related
motivations, coping strategies and future plans of homeless Hungarian
citizens living in Basel, Switzerland. The main question of the research
is that why they left their home country, their families and gave up their
jobs for an unpredictable and risky new life in Basel. The analysis is ba-
sed on semi-structured qualitative interviews carried out with homeless
people and social workers as well as on participatory observations con-
ducted in the institutions of homeless care in Basel. During the research,
I examined the way of living of a Hungarian homeless community that
consisted of 20-25 members by following their daily life in night shelters,
day-care institutions, soup kitchens as well as in the streets. The research
particularly focused on their surviving skills and strategies, the usage of
the city’s social services, and the characteristics of their migration.
The applied qualitative research revealed that the Hungarian ho-
meless population in Basel is rather heterogeneous incorporating street
musicians, beggars, temporary workers, prostitutes and criminals alike.
None of the questioned people came directly to Basel, they arrived to
the city after a longer or shorter European wandering of which starting
point was almost always Vienna. They prefer Basel to other European ci-
ties because police is tolerant, authorities are supportive and people are
generally friendly. However the usage of social services and allowances
is rather low, the majority of them use exclusively low-threshold services
such as soup kitchens and temporary night shelters, and a lot of them are
rough sleepers.
Daniel Sharp
Poverty and the Claims of Economic Migrants
A common view in both the public and the philosophical debate sur-
rounding migration is that well-off states may permissibly exclude so-
called ‘economic migrants’—roughly, economically disadvantaged per-
sons who don’t qualify for refugee status, but move in search of economic
opportunity (e.g., Miller 2016, Wellman 2011). This paper challenges that
view by offering an account of why poverty matters in the migration de-
bate. It argues that poor migrants have very strong claims to be admitted
to well-off states. In particular, it argues that three different aspects of
poverty may ground claims to migrate of three distinct sorts.
First, I argue that severe absolute poverty can threaten a person’s
basic subsistence rights (Shue 1980, Pogge 2007) by depriving her of the
necessary conditions for a minimally decent life. Violations of subsistence
rights ground claims to move across borders. When migrants face such
conditions, migrants may permissibly exercise the ‘right of necessity’
(Mancilla 2016). A state may only reject such claims if it is prepared to
secure for that person the conditions of a minimally decent life by other
means.
Second, people have a basic right to live a sufficiently autonomous
life (Miller 2016; c.f. Oberman 2016). Absolute (but not necessarily se-
vere) poverty can undermine a person’s autonomy. Being autonomous
(following Raz 1986) requires (1) an adequate range of options and (2)
freedom from intentional manipulation, coercion and the like. Absolute
poverty undermines condition (1). In many cases, poor persons can only
access an adequate set of options by moving across borders.
Third, relative poverty can create an objectionably hierarchical rela-
tionship between persons. Drawing on recent on the nature of equality
(Anderson 1999, Scheffler 2003, Kolodny 2014), I argue that relationships
structured by asymmetries in power are objectionable in their own right.
In withholding access to their territory from poor immigrants, citizens of
well-off states exercise power over those immigrants. This power is une-
qual due to the differential value of the goods and opportunities in dif-
ferent states. Therefore, I conclude that excluding the poor from well-off
states constitutes an objectionably unequal relationship between the ci-
tizens of those states and those they exclude.
These three objections often converge in the actual world, making
the exclusion of these groups all the more problematic.

Panels 3e & 4e together form the panel „The Migration-Organization-Po-
verty Nexus: Exploring and Expanding Thinking on Diaspora and Im/
mobility“
Dorte Sindbjerg Martinsen / Michael Blauberger / Anita Heindlmaier

/ Jessica Sampson Thierry
Implementing European Case Law at the Bureaucratic Frontline:
How Domestic Signalling Influences the Outcomes of EU Law
This paper analyses the implementation of European case law at the bu-
reaucratic frontline of European Member States. Theoretically, insights
from street-level implementation studies are combined with judicial im-
pact research. Empirically, we compare how EU rules on free movement
and cross-border welfare are applied in practice in Denmark, Austria and
France. We find that when applying EU rules in practice, street-level bu-
reaucrats are confronted with a world of legal complexity, consisting of
ambiguous rules, underspecified concepts and a recent judicial turn by
the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). In order to manage
complexity, street-level bureaucrats turn to their more immediate superi-
ors for guidance. As a consequence, domestic signals shape the practical
application of EU law. Despite bureaucratic discretion and many country
differences, domestic signals create uniform, restrictive outcomes of EU
law in all three cases We, thus, show that there is considerable room for
politics – communicated by means of signals – in the EU implementation
process.
Dženeta Karabegović
The Costs of Participation: Highly Educated Migrants and Access
to Knowledge Production
Over the last few decades, mobility among students and researchers has
increased dramatically whether through academic exchange programs,
graduate education programs, or the pursuit of academic careers in
countries which are not one’s home countries. The internationalization
of educational institutions has gone hand in hand with this, whether re-
garding the recruitment of academics, enhancing their international col-
laborations, or working with governmental institutions in building new
partnerships. China is a prime example of a country with a high num-
ber of overseas Chinese scientists and fosters overseas engagement with
the same. Educational organizations thus provide new opportunities for
generating migrant capital in the form of knowledge production both
for individuals, themselves, and beyond. While the lives of highly educa-
ted migrants who work in such organizations are generally looked upon
as favorable, including their potential to generate skills and knowledge
transfer to their host countries, their costs of participation in knowled-
ge production processes are often overlooked. Utilizing an organizational
perspective, this paper examines these costs among migrant academics
and the challenges they face in terms of participating within their larger
academic networks due to the precarity generated by their citizenships
and other forms of costs. This paper examines the agency of transnational
academic migrants within their home and host country contexts as well
as transnationally. How can we better utilize these challenges and enable
the utilization of migrant capital in the form of knowledge from an orga-
nizational perspective? Based on over a dozen interviews of highly skilled
migrant academics from a variety of countries who are faced with high
costs in order to participate in knowledge production due in large part to
visa costs and other restrictions, this paper takes an innovative look at an
oft overlooked aspect at the intersection of higher education, migration,
and poverty.

Panels 5a, 6a & 7a together form a Panel about Motives of Mobility, Dri-
vers of Displacement
Jana Kuhnt
Why do people leave their home - is there an easy answer? A
structured overview of migratory determinants
While worldwide the number of people on the move has reached un-
precedented levels, the seemingly easy question “why do people choose
to leave their home?” needs a more complex answer. There is evidence
that there is no homogeneity in migratory decisions even in conflict situ-
ations where some people decide to stay whereas others leave. Emerging
from the dichotomy of voluntary versus forced migration, the traditional
drivers studied were economic reasons and conflict or violence, respec-
tively. Nowadays there is a general agreement among researchers and
practitioners that a multitude of factors influences people’s migratory de-
cision. The differentiation between forced and voluntary movement has
been regarded as an inaccurate simplification of the multidimensionality
and the interaction of drivers of migration. In this paper I give a struc-
tured overview on the variety of factors that has been found to influence
migratory decisions. I use a theoretical framework to structure these de-
terminants and identify gaps for further research.
Péter Marton
A theory of international asylum-seeking
The aim of the paper is, first of all, to present an overview of (1) the diver-
sity of individual motives and strategies with regards to proximity to sites
of direct violence; (2) what variables play a role in this (e.g with a view to
weapons, tactics and strategies of the combatants, intentions attributed
to combatants, spatial dynamics of conflict, etc.). The basic assumption is
that the above-mentioned diversity is poorly represented in the discour-
se about asylum-seekers, and that there is a basic lacuna in this respect
in academic literature (with few exceptions, such as Lischer, 2007 and
Rowe, 2018). Ultimately, we need a theory of asylum-seeking that current-
ly is not there beyond a blanket assumption that all asylum-seekers who
leave behind “zones” of conflict are international migrants as a result of
forced displacement. The paper therefore plans to take the first steps in
this direction, by building a basic conceptual model of asylum-seeking.
Parallel Panel 5b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Frodo Podschwadek

Mariella Falkenhain / Andreas Hirseland
Street level bureaucrats and refugees’ way into employment: Does
Germany’s transition regime prevent poverty?
Refugees all over the world carry a high risk of uprooting and falling into
poverty. In the aftermath of the refugee flow reaching Germany in 2015,
labor market integration seemed to be the means of choice to prevent
both – poverty and disintegration. The respective policy proved quite suc-
cessful: the employment rate of refugees has considerably increased. Yet,
beyond this seemingly positive development, we know very little about
how state efforts actually enable or disable refugees’ way into employ-
ment.
Drawing on insights from life course research, we suggest that re-
fugees‘ trajectories into work cannot be understood without reference to
the institutional context in which they happen. In the case of Germany,
this context is characterized by specific migratory rules regarding regi-
onal allocation and residence status, social policy arrangements (i.e. the
coupling of social benefits with education and qualification), rules and
norms governing the German labor market (e.g. system of professions,
importance of skills and qualifications), and powerful migration policy
paradigms (i.e. the skilled worker paradigm). Yet, how these macro-level
rules and norms are actually implemented is an open question. In this
paper, we ask to what extent and how the official transition regime struc-
tures daily behavior of street level bureaucrats in Germany’s labor admi-
nistration. The ensuing question then is: Who benefits from the transiti-
on regime and who is left behind? To answer these questions, we present

preliminary findings from the analysis of 45 interviews with placement
officers. The interviews have been conducted in the framework of a larger
qualitative research project developed at the Institute for Employment
Research, and accomplished in cooperation with the Free University of
Berlin.
Artemiy Kurbanov
Poverty, migration and diseases: a new level of old problem
The World Health Organization notes the relationship between poverty

and disease, using the special term “diseases of poverty” to describe a
group of diseases, which are typical of countries with a low level of so-
cio-economic development. These include diseases specific to tropical
and subtropical regions, to describe which the term “neglected tropical
diseases” (NTD) is used. Common to NTD is that effective drugs have been
developed for their treatment and prevention, but the socio-economic si-
tuation in the regions where they are spread is such that national health
systems are usually not able to provide the population with quality care.
The unprecedented scale of migration at the beginning of the XXI
century brings the problem of NTD to a new level. The main migration
routes usually begin in those regions for which NTD are endemic, such
as sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia, Latin America and others. Migrati-
on flows, including refugees, internally displaced persons, economic
migrants, mainly consist of the poorest people. It is these segments of
the population that are primarily vulnerable to “diseases of poverty”, and
especially to NTD, many of which have a long latent period, manifesting
themselves only in the later stages, but undermining the body’s capabili-
ties, deplete it, social fiasco.
Against the background of forced migration, the problem of NTD
takes on new forms. It is obvious that the creation of temporary refugee
places of limited area, with poor sanitary conditions, are favorable factors
for the transfer of NTD, which, due to migration, have the opportunity to
go beyond the historical areas of distribution and are introduced to new
areas, revealing themselves, including in urbanized areas.
At the same time, only the most resonant infections, such as Ebola,
attract the attention of the international community, and the majority of
diseases in this group remain outside the social and political agenda. It
is obvious that poverty and migration, on the one hand, and “neglected
tropical diseases”, on the other, are different manifestations of the same
modern challenge, the response to which should be coordinated efforts
of the international community.
Parallel Panel 5c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Daniel Sharp

Time: Friday, 09.00-10:00
Demetrio Miloslavo Bova
Measuring (in)equality: The horizonal equality Index.
The paper defines two types of equalities (1.3, 1,4), the horizontal and the
vertical ones, and describes two indicators (1.4, 1,5), the HEI and the VEI, to
measure them in multi and uni variate distributions. The relevance of the
inequality (as contraposed to the equality) nowadays is such that most of
the statistical institute measure it and many policies are addressed to it. It
is generally measured are by the Gini (C. Gini, 1912) and the Atkinson inde-
xes but these indexes have well known problems and they could lead to
misleading result (2). Indeed, the first can give, for very different distribu-
tions, the same results, while the latter depends on a normative parame-
ter often labelled ‘inequality aversion’. The definitions proposed and the
consequent indexes are claimed to measure the (in)equality without the-
se problems. Finally, different properties generally claimed as “necessary”
or “wanted” in order to measure the inequality are, instead, debated and
some of them have to be reconsidered (3). The indicators proposed are
analysed with respect to these properties (income scale independence,
weak principle of transfer, decomposability, dimensionless) and the de-
bated properties (population independence, strong principle of transfer).
The papers concludes with the analysis of the indicators behaviour with
respect to the population, the total amount and the distribution changes
in a univariate distribution. Finally, some considerations with respect to
the mainstream inequality indicators is proposed.
Oktay Aktan
Between Autonomy and Vulnerability in Educational Context:

The Particular Role of Teachers with Migration Background in
German Schools
Even though much qualitative research has been conducted on the stu-
dent performances in schools, there is a notable lack of field research on
the role of teachers with migration background and their contribution
to the integration of vulnerable students with migration background in
schools.
The collective peer-group orientations including both the students’
self-presentations and their perception of the teachers constitute “the
meaning of the school” for these students. In order to discover this “me-
aning” in migration context, social reconstructive research has to be im-
plemented to figure out the common perception and orientation pat-
terns of peer-groups and their allochthone teachers. This has significant

impacts on the improvement of autonomy patterns for the allochthone
students.
With the aim of understanding this peculiar relation between the
teachers and peers with migration background, the agenda of research
literature on this issue will be introduced in my paper for your conferen-
ce. The aim is to demonstrate the whole schemata of conceptualization
of existing educational aspirations shaped by the teachers, students and
their families in migration context. This brings the major dimensions of
social inequality: social class, gender, milieu and ethnicity together into
the analysis where the intersectionality approach (Winker & Degele, 2009)
is selected as the main reference point.
Particularly, the examination is concentrated on the reconstructi-
on of reciprocally constituted patterns of social belonging between the
teachers and the students. This particular social belonging is used as a
social resource in generating autonomy against vulnerability. In this cont-
ext, the vulnerability implicitly limits the future educational aspirations of
the students. And promoting autonomy opens up an opportunity for an
upward social mobility for the further generations from migrant families
in poverty.
With this analysis, the specific role of the teachers with migration
background on the integration of allochthone students will be discussed
in your conference.
Parallel Panel 5d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Lucy Williams

Sanne S. Visser / D. Strijker, A.J.E. Edzes
The Meaning of Place and Space in mobility patterns of families in
intergenerational poverty in the Netherlands
Families who live in poverty often have low patterns of mobility and
migration. These families are often rooted in a neighborhood, village or
city. They therefore also identify with these places and create import-
ant spaces. They stay put and have low social and spatial mobility pat-
terns. The Veenkolonieën, the Netherlands, is an area where a relatively
large group of families lives in intergenerational poverty. In this area in
a developed country, In this study we analyse, together with families in
the region, the causes and consequences of their low mobility and their
attachment to the region. The use of family histories and the capability
approach in interviews with grandparents, parents and youngsters gives
insights into the spatial mechanisms within the families. Results high-
light that there are spatial mechanisms on family, neighbourhood and
regional level, which prevent families from their ability to be mobile or
migrate. On family level the identity with and definition of poverty plays a
role in choosing to stay put. In addition, perspectives shared within the fa-
mily on the cost and benefits of mobility have an influence on the mobi-
lity patterns. On neighborhood level the social cohesion and closeness of
family plays a role. On regional level the infrastructure and labour market
perspectives for the families play role and make them decide to increase
their mobility or not.
Claudia Lintner
Nothing to do? An insight into refugee accommodation places in
Italy
This paper focuses on the well- being of refugees in different accommo-

dation places in Northern Italy. Doing so, the paper connects the perspec-
tive of the refugees on their understanding of wellbeing with the per-
spective of social services on how they construct wellbeing for refugees.
According to this perspective, social structures are understood as rules
and resources, which both enable and constrain an individual’s capaci-
ty for action. The paper is based on a qualitative research project. In to-
tal, 15 narratives have been collected with refugees and collaborators in
the different accommodation places. As it is shown, in contrast to most
migrants, forcibly displaced persons have little opportunity for expanding
livelihoods, and are usually faced with realities that hinder them to reuse
their competencies and consequently to create new capabilities to act.
Wellbeing in the perspective of refugees is often constructed of two essen-
tial points: job opportunities and prospect of success within the asylum
process. The urgent need of learning two new languages (Italian and Ger-
man) even intensifies this challenge. On the other hand, the analyses of
the structural framework outline that collaborators are constantly forced
to work as fire extinguishers rather than being able to develop long- las-
ting, sustainable responses to open questions. This is certainly also due
to omnipresent manpower shortage. Nevertheless, the results describe
refugees not as victims of changing realities, but as subjects who actively
develop coping strategies in order to give sense to their everyday life. It is
argued that even the most seemingly ‚powerless‘ individuals are able to
mobilize resources whereby they carve out ‚spaces of control‘. Even the
most marginalized populations are thus able to mobilize resources and
respond creatively to critical, marginalized social positions.
Parallel Panel 5e, Room: HS 122, Chair: Yodit Estifanos Afewerki

Andreas Koch / Meike Bukowski
“Poverty and Affordable Housing in Austria”. Urban and
developments in context of the UN Sustainable Development Goal
1
Social and environmental pressures in our times bear threats that often
cross-border in scale, such as climate change, poverty-driven migration,
neo-liberal housing regimes, as well as socio-economic developments.
One of the hot topics that is prevailing in many societies across Europe
and worldwide, concerns the issue of “affordable housing” and poverty–
driven international and domestic migration (including displacements
through gentrification processes), focusing here on the urban context.
To contribute to a sustainable and fair society and hence to sup-
port the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the University of Salzburg
participates in the Austrian-wide universities’ network “UniNEtZ”. Our
joint target in this regard is to develop an options report for the Austrian
Government regarding the seventeen SDGs, so far hosted by 18 Austrian
universities.
In this vein, the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research at the Uni-
versity of Salzburg is focusing on the SDG 1 (No Poverty), in collabora-
tion with the Department of Sociology and Political Science on SDG 10
(Reduced Inequalities). Our target and research focus is to assess and
evaluate the status of SDG 1 and 10 in Austria. We aim at generating and
deducing appropriate options as scientific support, from interdisciplinary
research studies to “Sustainability Developing Goals and their Targets”
in action. For this reason, we introduce our special Model for Inequali-
ties and Poverty Assessment (IPAM) through the example of “affordable
housing” by focusing on the situation of the city of Salzburg. (showing the
status quo and scientifically discussed options).
Gottfried Schweiger
Five Challenges for the SDGs and their Success
In this paper, I will provide a political philosophical commentary on the

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, I will focus on five
issues, which are in need of (scientific and public) scrutiny: (a) possible
trade-offs, (b) the task of prioritization, (c) the vagueness of the SDGs, (d)
the required coordination to implement the SDGs and (e) the establis-
hment of a system of sanctions against actors who fail to achieve their
respective targets within the SDGs. The discourse about these issues and
the respective answers to the questions they involve should be commu-
nicated as widely as possible and should involve stakeholder participati-

on at many levels.
Firstly, moving forward with measures to realize the SDGs will most
likely demand trade-offs between certain goals; therefore, it is urgent to
identify which trade-offs are likely to occur and understand how to choo-
se those goals that should be pursued under such circumstances. Se-
condly, in addition to possible trade-offs, it is likely that some goals are
more easy to achieve than others and that states, as well as international
institutions, will have to decide where to invest the money. This probably
means that some goals will be prioritized over others, with investments
focused more on their achievement, at least in the short-term. Thirdly, al-
though the SDGs cover 17 goals with a total of 169 targets, many of them
are still very vague. It will be necessary to set measureable and feasible
benchmarks, which can be used to track progress. Fourthly, the SDGs are
ambitious and, therefore, the possibility that they will not be achieved is,
unfortunately, rather high. Until now, much is still vague about the strate-
gies behind achieving the SDGs and how this global effort will be coordi-
nated, as well as whether the current global framework of institutions is
fit for that task. The problem of coordination is crucial on different levels
(local, regional, national, inter- and trans-national). Fifthly, if the SDGs fail
to be a success, it will be the poor and other vulnerable populations who
will suffer the most but there are only little direct consequences for rich
countries and their population. To make the implementation of the SDGs
more likely it will be necessary to establish a system of incentives and
sanctions and also to disseminate clearly what is at stake if the SDGs are
not a success.
Parallel Panel 6a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Péter Marton

András Tétényi / Tamás Barczikay

Asylum seekers in Visegrad countries – forcibly displaced or drawn
by economic opportunities?
Between 2014 and 2017 a record number of asylum seekers have entered
the European Union. Among the Central and Eastern European countries
the Visegrad countries have been by far the most popular choice among
asylum seekers, yet surprisingly, it has been neglected by the literature.
The governments of the Visegrad countries have mainly adopted a hosti-
le attitude towards asylum seekers, claiming that either they are illegal
economic migrants, or carry parasites or are generally aggressive, espe-
cially towards women. This article analyses the drivers of migration and
answers the question whether asylum seekers who apply for refugee sta-
tus in the Visegrad countries have been pushed by violence or are more
likely to have been drawn by economic opportunities.
Using a panel dataset and a zero-inflated negative binomial regres-
sion model, the article finds that poverty, an increased number of de-
aths due to violent conflict and political terror in the sending country are
the main determinants which increase the probability that the country
of origin will produce a forced migrant. The article finds no evidence to
support the claims of the governments of the Visegrad countries that
arrivals to their countries are illegal economic migrants and not asylum
seekers; on the contrary, the results indicate that on average asylum see-
kers entering the Visegrad countries have been forcibly displaced in their
countries of origin.
Jörn Grävingholt / Jana Kuhnt /Charles Martin-Shields

The relationship between state fragility and forced migration
While the impact of conflict on forced migration is clear, the relationship

between different types of non-conflict state fragility and forced migra-
tion remains underexplored. This paper undertakes an empirical analysis
of the pathways between state fragility and forced displacement, using
an innovative set of categorical variables that measure and categorize a
state’s fragility based on its mixture of authority, capacity, and legitimacy.
In line with previous research we find that violence is the dominant factor
in forcing people to leave their homes. However, we show that a substan-
tial number of people also decides to leave states characterized by a lower
capacity to provide basic public services. This paper provides suggestions
for potential research directions for international studies scholars while
also having practical implications for setting national and international
policies to manage state fragility and forced migration.
Parallel Panel 6b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Lucie Mackova

Eyja M. Brynjarsdottir
Merit, Luck, and Migrants
The question of who is deserving of goods seems to become particularly

prominent when people divide themselves and others into ingroups and
outgroups, such as when immigrant populations begin to appear. While
they take it for granted that those in their ingroup are deserving of the
goods, those from the outgroup must prove that they are deserving or
worthy. Of course, when things are carefully examined, who is in possessi-
on of what has little to do with merit, worthiness, or what people deserve,
and much more with what we might call luck.
While this is something we ought to realize, there is a strong ten-

dency among those who are in possession of goods, be they economic,
political, or of some other form, to want to think of themselves as deser-
ving of them. We try very hard to convince ourselves that we live in a so-
ciety built on meritocratic principles; that we have earned our jobs, our fi-
nancial security, the roofs over our heads, and so on. The presumption in a
highly competitive neo-liberal environment is that the winners are those
most hard-working and most talented and thereby the most deserving
of the prizes.
Thus, there is a certain clash between what is really mostly relian-
ce on luck, and the demand that outsiders prove their worthiness. And
as we know, the parameters for worthiness are often quite arbitrary. On
what grounds are some people but not others given refugee status, work
permits, or citizenship, that can be crucial to their wellbeing? We like to
think that these parameters are objective, fair, and chosen for a clear rea-
son, and that they somehow reflect who deserves to be “let inside”. The
result is not only a cognitive but also a moral dissonance.
In this talk, I reflect on the issues described above and argue that
making people think that possession of goods is based on merit when it
is really based on luck results in various social harms, including a fortified
division in in-groups and out-groups.
Martyna Hoffman
Electoral rights of homeless people - problems and chances in
relation to issue of internal and external migration. Case of Poland
In its preamble, the Constitution of Poland (in which the Legislator ex-
pressed his “desire for a perpetual guarantee of civil rights”) defines the
Nation as all citizens of the Republic of Poland, regardless of their other
characteristics. According to the Article 32nd of the Constitution of Po-
land, everyone is equal and also have the right to equal treatment by
public authorities. Unfortunately, it seems that individuals’ social and fi-
nancial status may have massive impact on their ability to execute some
fundamental civil right – e.g. the right to vote.
According to the research carried out as a part of Homelessness
Agenda Project in 2006 in the Tri-City, Poland, homeless people may par-
ticipate in general elections up to four times less often than other voters.
Sadly, it seems, that their absence may not necessarily be voluntary and
culpable, as they may face numerous issues, preventing them from cas-
ting a vote (such as stereotypical perception of their situation and inten-
tions, as well as inadequate legal regulations).
The presented paper will cover social issues and legal regulations
regarding the suffrage of the homeless people. The author will discuss
problems homeless people may face while wanting to cast their vote du-
ring both local and state election in Poland – also in relation to the issue
of internal and external migration.
Parallel Panel 6c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Cécile Blouin

Jean-Baptiste Allegrini
Syrian Labour Exploitation and the Competition of Misery in
Lebanese Border Towns: New Habitus and Conflicting Interests
Since 2011, more than a million displaced Syrians found a shelter in Le-
banon as they fled a devastating civil war (Thorleifsson, 2016). This migra-
tory shock disrupted long-lasting practices of circular migrations across
the Syro-Lebanese borders (Chalcraft, 2009). The former seasonal Syri-
an migrant workers settled permanently with their families in Lebanon’s
most disfranchised bordering areas of the Bekaa valley, Akkar and Tripoli.
The Syrian humanitarian crisis evolved into a middle-term problematic
of integration and social cohesion in the setting of a highly segmented
sectarian society.
Through this research I will argue that a competition of misery
between Syrian migrant workers and the Lebanese lower middle-class
pushes the latter to the fringes of social exclusion and poverty. The im-
poverished displaced populations from Syria embody a ‘reserve army’ of
flexible workforce which has directly challenged the formerly stable habi-
tus of the Lebanese society (Bourdieu, 1972). Syrians, from young children
to older matriarchs, became an unexpected resource of exploitation for
Lebanese clientelist leaders and their local Lebanese (and Syrian) busi-
ness partners in a context of a deep socioeconomic crisis.
Drawing on political sociology and neo-institutionalist approaches,
this study examines how this new habitus led to the reconsideration of
the hosting communities’ strategies of survival which reflects on the lat-
ter’s evolving interests (Migdal, 1988). The adoption of the 2014 labour law
reforms institutionalized relations of categorical inequality between Le-
banese and Syrian workers (Tilly, 1998), thus entrenching Syrians’ vulne-
rability to discriminatory treatments (Saghieh, 2015) A new line of social
cleavage emerges as a division between local Lebanese beneficiaries of
the Syrian presence (owning the means of exploitation), and their newly
marginalized counterparts. These de-scaled fringes of the Lebanese lo-
wer middle-class are unable to extract Syrian ‘resources’ as they are un-
favourably and exclusively relying on their labour capital to compete with
Syrian migrant workers. This research which is based on seven months
of qualitative fieldwork in municipalities of the Bekaa and Tripoli in 2018
finally reveals that the most welcoming hosting communities were the
ones submitted to the highest pressure, thus concentrating rising levels
of poverty and inter-sectarian resentment.
Marko-Luka Zubčić
Epistemological Implications of Poverty
Poverty constitutes social epistemic exclusion inasmuch as it severely

constrains or reduces the possibility of Epistemic Contribution. Epistemic
Contribution is a concept advanced by Miranda Fricker in order to ac-
count for the capability of the members of the population to contribute
to the pool of information and interpretation shared by the population. I
revisit Fricker’s instrumentalist argument for Epistemic Contribution ba-
sed on Mill’s instrumentalist argument for free speech in order to show
that social epistemic exclusion of epistemic agents fundamentally fo-
recloses the ability and chance of the overall social epistemic system, and
thus all epistemic agents, to revise suboptimal epistemic states, learn or
know. Poverty is thus understood as significantly more then an individu-
alized misfortune, it is understood as an epistemically distortive feature of
the social epistemic system - it fundamentally hinders all the agents (and
not only those subject to poverty) and the whole system in the course of
their search for knowledge.
Parallel Panel 6d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Tabea Scharrer

Rani Kumari / Shekhar Ambati
Rags-to-Riches: Overseas Migration Propagated Development in
Bihar*, India
Recently the migration trend has experienced a relative shift where

northern states like Bihar* and Uttar Pradesh workforce are in demand
against traditional southern states such as Kerala and Telangana. This
trend has enabled low / semi-skilled workers to migrate overseas in the
hope of earning higher salaries compared to lower wages in Bihar. Gover-
nment of India (GoI) migration data(1) confirms that, Bihar is the second
state in terms of migrants going to the Gulf region. International Labour
Organisation (ILO) argued that, temporary labour migration to the Gulf is
often hyped as a triple-win such as, a win for receiving countries who sup-
port a level of economic activity that would be impossible without over-
seas migrants; a win for migrant sending countries because it lowers un-
employment, brings in remittances and skills; and a win for the migrant
households who can earn more income and ultimately move out of po-
verty(2). Remittances received through migration have provided an im-
portant cushion against food insecurity for many households in Bihar(3).
This paper tries to analyse the contribution of remittances to reduce
the poverty in Siwan** district. The hypothesis is whether remittances im-
prove quality of life and pattern of investment in migrant household. In
order to achieve this we have investigated households through obser-
vations, personal interviews and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs). The

key findings learnt that, migration is contributing to a significant impro-
vement in household amenities. Remittances are being invested mostly
on consumption, land purchase, housing whereas little remittances are
invested in human development such as education, health and entrepre-
neurship. Increased migration and remittances appeared to have some
undesirable impacts on family structure. Whilst investment is necessary
for development, remittances are not leading to desirable social transfor-
mation whereas awareness of future generations to lead a quality life is
the need of the hour.
Komi Ahiatroga Hiagbe

Religion and Poverty Alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Study
of Anlo-Ewe Evangelical Christians’ Understanding of Poverty,
Wealth, and Total Well-Being
Religion in traditional Africa is so all-embracing and pervasive that it is

virtually impossible to separate the sacred from the secular. Instead of
being a department of life, religion is life itself. It is the strongest influence
on every facet of life including the economic—poverty, wealth creation
and total well-being. The Supreme Being, the gods, ancestors and spi-
rits are all believed to be actively involved in the economic well-being of
the individual and the community. In spite of the several decades and in
some cases, centuries of Western influence on Africa, religion remains a
key element in the thinking of most Africans, and “has an effect on many
people’s attitudes to everything, including … savings, investment and a
host of economic decisions …” (James D. Wolfensohn). Thus, a basic as-
sumption of this research activity is that religion in general and Christia-
nity in particular, has what it takes to unravel Africa’s chronic poverty and
general lack of progress in a globalized world.
Employing both qualitative and quantitative research methodo-

logies, the research examines African indigenous epistemologies em-
bedded in the proverbs, values and religious symbols of the Anlo-Ewe
of South-Eastern Ghana with respect to attitude to poverty, wealth and
wealth creation. With the conclusions drawn from the questionnaire, the
interviews and interaction with relevant literature, the paper undersco-
res religion as the missing link in the quest for poverty alleviation and
sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa and seeks to respond to
the question as to how Christian theological reflection can consciously
reconstruct some African traditional religious beliefs, values, and rituals
that relate to poverty, wealth creation and total well-being, as basic tools
to tackle the problem of chronic poverty on the continent.
Specifically, the paper cites the concepts of Ubudehe (co-operating

to fight poverty) and Girinka (eradicating poverty with a cow to each poor
family) of the Republic of Rwanda as typical traditional constructs that
have been reconstructed to meet contemporary challenges in that coun-
try. The researcher is of the view that the significant role of religion, (the
Church in particular), in the deconstruction of traditional life in Sub-Saha-
ran Africa makes the engagement of contemporary African Christian
thought in the reconstruction of African indigenous epistemologies for
poverty alleviation and social advancement on the continent imperative.
Christian scholarship must consciously catalogue African symbols, be-
liefs systems, values that can be reconstructed to positively respond to
the endemic massive corruption, disease, and lack of access to quality
education and health care for the majority of the people.

Nader Talebi
Migration, expectations and decision: a case study of Afghans and
Iranians in Germany
The paper explores motives and drivers of migration and their consequen-
ces among Iranians and Afghans (both those who came directly from Af-
ghanistan and those who used to live for a long time in Iran) in Germany.
It is based on semi-structured qualitative interviews and uses theoretical
sampling to grasp the diversity of experiences of migration in the target
groups. The sample is particularly interesting for Iran hosts around three
million Afghans during the past 40 years.
The preliminary results suggest that the expectations for future play
an essential role in the decision for migration and the transformations of
migrants in the later phases. In the sample, Afghan migrants who used
to live in Iran lose their hopes for naturalization in both Iran and Afghanis-
tan. Afghans who migrated from Afghanistan directly are disappointed
in the state-building projects in Afghanistan because of the continuous
civil war in the past decades. For Iranians in the sample, political instabi-
lity and the defeated reforms with their economic consequences in ad-
dition to the exclusion of marginal groups influence their decision and
expectations of migration. Interestingly, despite these differences, most
of the participants of the study feel excluded from the German society.
The diversity of expectations among these groups can shed light on their
different coping mechanisms when they face discrimination/exclusion in
Germany. In particular, Afghans from Iran are often apologetic regarding
the problems they face in Germany due to their harsh experience of living
as a migrant in Iran that influence their expectations of migration.
Charles Martin-Shields / Jana Kuhnt / Abel Oyuke / John Green

Information and communication technologies and decision-
making among forcibly displaced people: empirical analysis from
Kenya
This paper explores how the use and access to information communicati-
on technologies (ICTs) shapes and influences the mobility and integration
decisions of forcibly displaced people in Kenya. It pursues this question in
three ways: 1) How do forcibly displaced people report using ICTs during
their journeys, 2) what role did/do ICTs play in helping them economically
and socially integrate upon arrival, and 3) how these self-reported beha-
viors align with how institutions such as UNHCR design digital interven-
tions. These three lines of inquiry shed light on micro-level uses and de-
cision making, as well as understanding how individual and institutional
conceptions of ICT use align with each other. Using new interview and
survey data from three sites in Kenya, the project will help researchers
and policy makers understand how the access and use of digital techno-
logy influences migrants’ and refugees’ mobility and economic decisions
and indicate new directions for the practical use of ICTs in supporting
livelihoods for forcibly displaced people.
Parallel Panel 7b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Gaziza Tolesh

Lucy Williams
‘First the migrants and then us’: Poverty of citizens and migrants
in the UK
This paper will reflect on the experience of working with two apparently
distinct groups of people living in poverty. One group are migrants re-
fused the ‘right to remain’ and others are UK citizens living in poverty.
Research with these two apparently separate groups of people found
very similar narratives in which poverty and disadvantage were descri-
bed as dehumanising and stigmatising experiences. Both groups found
themselves caught in dense webs of social and legal regulation in which
access to financial and other support was being used as a technology of
control. For the citizen group poverty and thus dependence on the State
for support, is justification enough for government agencies to interfere
in private spheres and allows, if not encourages, State scrutiny of perso-
nal and family decisions. Insecure, or lack of immigration status similarly

gives agencies license to directly control resources and the daily activi-
ties for migrants deemed to have no right to remain in the country. For
this second group, it is a denial of rights that pushes people into poverty
where they are doubly disadvantaged as both living without the means
to support themselves and under the control of a hostile state.
This paper will discuss the emotional effect of poverty on these two
groups of people living in poverty but will also consider the technolo-
gies of power and control that dominate their lives. For migrants, it is
their identity which limits access to resources and entitlements (health
care, driving licenses, accommodation, permission to work, study, claim
welfare payments etc) while for British and EU citizens living in poverty,
it is their dependence on welfare, often caused by illness, lack of skills,
location and family history that forces them to prove they deserve and
are entitled to support. It will be argued that the methods used to deliver
‘support’ to migrants via telephone lines, cashless payment systems and
no-choice accommodation already have implications for citizen popula-
tions and that the increased use of technology to monitor and control
the activities of the migrant poor are likely to be extended to the citizen
poor through the use of electronic payments and other devices.
Both groups seek to resist and free themselves from their depen-
dence on a hostile state but both groups can be punished or even crimi-
nalised for their attempts at self-expression and self-reliance.
Marta Boniardi
Moral vulnerability as a key factor of the multidimensional poverty
of the immigrant population: what should be done and who should
do it
In Moral vulnerability and the task of reparations (Walker 2014), Walker

introduces the concept of moral vulnerability, «a vulnerability that inhe-
res in our assumption that we possess a certain moral status», that typi-
cally affects those who survived situations of systemic violence. Since the
majority of people belonging to the last migration wave to Europe either
came from a situation of systemic violence or passed through one during
their journey, I believe that Walker’s work needs to be kept in mind in any
analysis concerning justice and the ethics of migration. In Walker’s view,
moral vulnerability leads to what could be described as a specific kind of
poverty, that affects the sense of self-worth of its victims, and their idea of
themselves as entitled to what Kant referred to as Respect; I believe that
this particular “moral poverty” has a prior role in determining the global
condition of poverty and social exclusion of the immigrant population,
because it has a negative effect both on the resilience of a subject (and
therefore on her mental health), and on her ability to act to improve her
life condition.
In Walker’s view, this vulnerability can only be relieved through a
process of intersubjective recognition. Despite assigning such a poignant
role to this concept, the author fails to investigate into intersubjective re-
cognition any further: therefore, in my presentation, I will list and justify
the conditions for an intersubjective recognition able to repair a woun-
ded sense of self and its threatening consequences on the welfare of a
subject. My starting point will be the work by Honneth on recognition
(e.g. Honneth 1996), but I will compare it with other more recent and
thorough accounts of what intersubjective recognition must be.
I will then try to demonstrate how the criteria that will be the outco-
me of this comparison should be pivotal in the evaluation of the fairness
and justice of any immigration regulation, including an asylum system.
In the last part of the presentation, a few examples of mis-recognition in
the European law on immigration and in the recently reformed Italian
asylum system will be shown.
Parallel Panel 7c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Martyna Hoffman

Sarah Vancluysen
Working together towards a durable refugee-host relationship:
case-study of South-Sudanese refugees and their host communities
in Northern Uganda
The Government of Uganda is globally praised for its progressive appro-

ach in terms of refugee management. However, within a context of struc-
tural underdevelopment, it is hard to consider Uganda to be a ‘refugee
paradise’ (Titeca & Schiltz, 2017). This study is situated in Northern Ugan-
da, where close to a million South-Sudanese are present since the most
recent influx of 2013 and in some places even outnumber the local popu-
lation. The presence of the refugees weighs heavily on the local populati-
on and the wider environment. Accordingly, conflicts arise about the use
of natural resources such as land and services such as health and educa-
tion facilities. Because even though refugees are in a vulnerable position,
many of the challenges they face (e.g. lack of access to health care) apply
to the host as well (Hovil & Kigozi, 2015). At the same time, however, the
host population also benefits from the refugees’ presence, as new infra-
structures are build and services provided. The ‘70-30 rule’ even determi-
nes that 30% of the support provided by agencies should be directed to
the host communities.
The central objective of this contribution is to look at how state as
well as non-state actors work together to ensure peaceful coexistence
between the South-Sudanese refugees and their Ugandan host. Within
and around the settlements, non-state actors such as local leaders from
the host communities as well as refugee representatives play an essenti-
al role to build and maintain a sustainable relationship, despite the poor
conditions both communities find themselves in. At different levels and
departing from a variety of beliefs, international agencies, government
officials as well as host leaders and refugee representatives are working
towards the same goal: maintaining stability in a fragile context. An im-
portant question, however, is to what extent these actions overlap, com-
plement or oppose each other.
The findings of this study are based on 16 weeks of fieldwork in
Northern Uganda (Adjumani district). Primary data collection was organi-
zed in the form of key informant interviews with local host leaders such as
customary chiefs and elders, refugee representatives, local government
members and NGO-staff as well as semi-structured interviews with refu-
gees and the local population living around the settlements.
Tiziana Parra
The ontological poverty of the refugee: when the body lacks any
humanity
Poverty can be analyzed from many perspectives, but in the case of re-
fugees, it could be interesting to study it as the lack of human category,
which could be said, it is the ontological poverty of the biological body.
The migrant who cannot achieve the category of citizen is radically expo-
sed to the unpunished arbitrariness of the sovereign decision precisely
because s/he is living outside the limits of the law in an uncategorizable
zone. Following the theorizations of authors like Foucault or Agamben
in the biopolitical field, the human being acquires certain freedoms and
rights that protect his biological and social life from the state and the
power because even before the moment of the birth is already inscribed
in the law under the figure of the citizen. Which means that, today the
category of human is only kept for those privileged bodies who born and
develop their lives in a strong guarantor state. This is why refugees, who
precisely escaped from their birthplace because the weakness of their
states, become vulnerable in any place of destiny; the first obstacle they
have to overcome is to try to become a citizen in order to be treat as a
human. The question is the construction of the sovereign model based
on nation-states but in a completely open and globalised world -where
free movement of people is, not only a real possibility, but a fact- where
human rights are no longer applicable due to the discontinuity between
the law and the sovereign decision. This idea of the poverty of the bio-
logical body with no humanity, can serve us to realize that the juridical
apparatus we have constructed has dangerously ended deciding over
the biological life. Today, the right determines which bodies are worth to
acquire the citizenship and therefore live in a decent life, and which ones
are no more than a biological remainder outside any category of our es-
tablished order.
Parallel Panel 7d, Room: HS 122, Chair: Helmut P Gaisbauer

Ides Nicaise, Patricia Kennedy, Rebecca O‘Connell
Round Table: Absolute Poverty in Europe
This Round Table discusses the new publication „Absolute Poverty in

Europe“ (Policy Press 2019). The discussants are three of the authors of
chapters in this book and they will discuss issues of absolute poverty in
Europe. About the book: Engaging systematically with severe forms of
poverty in Europe, this important book stimulates academic, public and
policy debate by shedding light on aspects of deprivation and exclusion
of people in absolute poverty in affluent societies. It examines issues such
as access to health care, housing and nutrition, poverty related shame,
and violence. The book investigates different policy and civic responses
to extreme poverty, ranging from food donations to penalisation and “so-
cial cleansing” of highly visible poor and how it is related to concerns of
ethics, justice and human dignity.
We thank our sponsors!
Kultur

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2019 Salzburg Conference

Migration and Poverty

Use the discount code POAPE19 when checkout

Welcome to the University of Salzburg!

Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research

NORMATIVE ETHICS AND CATHOLIC SOCIAL TRADITION

​ he Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR) examines a variety of

cal philosophy. In particular questions of poverty, social exclusion and ine-

CULTURE AND PRECARIOUS LIFE WORLDS

effectiveness of instruments developed in the first approach. And at last,

Health and Poverty

Call for Papers

Submission deadline: 31 December 2019

Call for papers: Migration, Poverty and

The collection is open to essays examining intra- and transnational

How to get there:

Meeting in front of the conference building at 15.35

Meeting in front of the conference building at 18.45. We will walk through

Accesing the PC & Wifi

If you are chairing a session you have six tasks:

• (a) Be in the room a few minutes before the panel starts

If you are a speaker

• (a) Please show up a few minutes before the panel starts

• (a) please go to the room on time

Last minute changes to the program

“Surprisingly this is the first book explicitly devoted to a topic that

Thursday, 19 September 2019

9.00 Welcome and Opening

Meeting in front of the conference building at

Friday, 20 September 2019

9.00 Parallel Panels 5

Opening Plenary Session

Bio: Ilse Derluyn is professor at the De-

As Europe faces the prospect of the emergence of increasingly turbulent

Bio: Cathy McIlwaine is Professor of De-

Closing Plenary Session

Bio: Corinna Mieth is Professor of Political

Julia O‘Connell Davidson

Bio: Julia O‘Connell Davidson is Profes-

Panel Program, Thursday, 11.20-12.20

Yolanda Grift, Rosita Impact of internal migration on poverty:

Parallel Panel 1b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Melati Nungsari

Victor Mlambo Yes to REMITTANCES and no to BRAIN

Parallel Panel 1c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Mariella Falkenhain

Patrizia Rinaldi A lost future: the transition to adulthood for

Parallel Panel 1d, Room: HS 122, Chair: Stephen Phillips

Tabea Scharrer The Status Paradox reconsidered. The Role

Panel Program, Thursday, 13.20-14.20

Parallel Panel 2a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Nadezhda G. Osipova

Inna A. Vershinina Labor migrants in Russia: better life or

Parallel Panel 2b, Room: HS 104, Chair: Jana Kuhnt

Frodo Podschwadek Poverty, Assimilation, and Justice

Nurlia Listiani, Return Migrants Entrepreneurship as a tool to

Aynur Sarısakaloğlu Poverty and intercultural conflicts as key

Panel Program, Thursday, 14.40-15.40

Parallel Panel 3a, Room: HS 101, Chair: Nadezhda G. Osipova

Tatiana S. Educational migration in Russia: opportunity

Sikanyiso Masuku, Refugees` access to social capital and the

Parallel Panel 3c, Room: HS 107, Chair: Isabelle Brantl

Stephen Phillips State-created poverty as a deterrent for asylum

Parallel Panel 3d, Room: HS 121, Chair: Meike Bukowski

Alellie Sobreviñas International Migration and Poverty: Evidence

Parallel Panel 3e, Room: HS 122, Chair: Kyoko Shinozaki

he Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR) examines a variety of