INTRODUCTION

1.1.1 Location

KL Eco City (KLEC) is the latest and greatest development in Kuala Lumpur. It is located
at the site formerly known as Kampung Haji Abdullah Hukum. Kampung Haji Abdullah Hukum
was situated further south along Jalan Bangsar which is approximately 2.5 kilometer due southwest
from Kuala Lumpur City Center and about 7.5 kilometer due north east of Petaling Jaya.
Surrounding development of KL Eco City include Bangsar, Mid Valley Megamall, The Gardens
and Bangsar South (see Photo 1).

Photo 1: Location of KLEC

An unexpected incident on 29 November, 2016 where the half-completed 70m long

pedestrian bridge that was supposed to connect the KL Eco City development by SP Setia to The
Gardens shopping mall in Mid Valley City collapsed has surprised many parties especially the
local citizens who witnessed the tragedy. The incident left a 21-year old Vietnamese laborer dead
while five of his colleagues were also injured, where one of the worker’s leg had to be amputated
to save his life, as his leg was stuck under a massive concrete collapse. The incident happened at
the KL Eco City pedestrian bridge linking the planned KL Eco City project to the Gardens
Shopping Mall in Mid Valley at a cost of RM 7 million collapsing while it was still under
construction.

According to CIDB chief prosecuting officer Abdul Razak Husin,the pedestrian

construction failure occurred because of failure in connection and the curvature of the bridge.
Besides that, factor of safety was not taken in count and the lacking of design analysis.

The contractor has failed to adhere to construction site safety requirements under CIDB’s
Act 520 (Amendment 2011) and was charged under the Malaysian Construction Industry
Development Board Act Section 34B(1)(C).
CAUSE OF TRAGEDY

The pedestrian failure that occur last year, 2017 had really surprise the engineering fields.
The investigation had been done to find the real reasons that cause the failure. The reason of the
failure was caused by the failure in connection. We can see the bridge collapse at the two ends of
the bridge or the support. Generally the connection failed first in case there were unpredictable
force. . Any steel member can take the secondary loads because the material is uniform and
cased as a single piece, but joint behaves in a brittle fashion and takes some predicted loads
however not all of the loads.
Moreover, the joint failed because of the failure of the number of bolts or the weld length
that was designed to construct the bridge. Underestimation in the calculating the values has led to
the collapse of the connecting bridge.
Another reason of the bridge failure was that the safety factor was less focused. As a
contractor and engineer factor of safety should have been highly taken into consideration to
prevent the collapse that caused fatal injuries, death and other losses. The connection should
have been carefully designed that safety factor must have been given importance that it was
included during the designing phase.
The above factors have contributed largely to the collapse by causing a reduction in the
safety factor of the structure which was well below the norms required of such designs. Hence, it
can be observed that the quality checks and control system were not properly planned and
implemented, not only at the job sites but also in the design and planning office by the
management team. the failure also may cause by other reasons like failure in beams, tension and
compression.
In a nutshell, there are so many small insignificant factors that was overlooked by the
engineers and contractors that has led to the collapse. It may seem that the engineer has no
responsibility and not alert about the law of safety and regulation. The method to help analyze
and to determine a project to proceed is risk benefit analysis. This method can summarize that
the only ethical way is to implement risk-benefit by sharing the benefit between the engineer and
society.
Implication of the tragedy

Implications of the collapse of KL Eco City can be seen from two aspects. The first aspect
is negative implication and the second is positive implication. This is the implications that
can be seen from this tragedy. So, from this tragedy we can analyze on the negative side
and positive side.

The implications on the negative side are that it has caused environmental consequences
range from CO2 emissions associated with clean up, reconstruction and traffic delays to
the release of toxic or other pollutants that might affect water or air quality and human
health. This is a very critical negative implication.

The incident has focused attention on crucial interdependencies that exist between critical
infrastructures. For example, loss of a bridge
may result not only in transport being disrupted but also in other utilities (electricity,
water) being adversely affected. Such losses are perhaps more difficult to quantify but
should be borne in mind in evaluating the robustness of structures whose function
provides a critical link within a multi-layered utility network

Measurement taken

The main contractor of the KL Eco City development in Bangsar has been charged with safety
negligence in the collapse of a link bridge last November that caused the death of a site worker.

Tuck Sin Engineering & Construction Sdn Bhd was charged at the Kuala Lumpur Sessions Court
yesterday under the Malaysian Construction Industry Development Board Act Section 34B(1)(C)
on 23rd May.

The action was initiated by the Construction Industry Development Board of Malaysia (CIDB).

According to a statement from CIDB chief prosecuting officer Abdul Razak Husin, findings by
the CIDB revealed that the contractor had failed to adhere to construction site safety requirements
under CIDB’s Act 520 (Amendment 2011).
Investigations into the KL Eco City bridge collapse in November 2019 which killed one
construction worker, has been completed.

Works Minister Datuk Seri Fadillah Yusof reported that The case papers have been submitted to a
deputy public Prosecutor (DPP) to decide if charges will be filed.

Fadillah told that the government is aiming to reduce the fatality rate of construction workers from
10.94 per 100,000 workers by 50% by year 2020 under the Construction Industry Transformation
Programme (CITP).

Fadillah then said accidents in a construction site will not only cost human lives, but will also
cause expensive delays for the contractor or developer. The first thing that will happen (after an
accident) is that a stop work order will be issued. This can be 14 days or more depending on the
investigation and the contractor loses more money with each passing day.

Fadillah also encouraged construction industry players to adopt new methods or technologies to
increase efficiency and reduce reliance on foreign workers. Regardless of whether the Act has been
amended, it is imperative that the contractor, engineers, consultants and the local authorities
involved are held accountable and responsible for the avoidable accident which could have resulted
in deaths. Only with responsibility and accountability will worker safety improve in Malaysia.

DISCUSSIONS

3.1 ETHICAL CODE

A code of ethics is a guide of principles designed to help professionals conduct business

honestly and with integrity. A code of ethics document may outline the mission and values of the
business or organization, how professionals are supposed to approach problems, the ethical
principles based on the organization's core values and the standards to which the professional is
held. A code of ethics, also referred to as an "ethical code," may encompass areas such as business
ethics, a code of professional practice and an employee code of conduct.

The truly sad part about this collapse is that it was entirely preventable. There was no
crazy weather phenomenon or act of god that caused this it was simply a case of complete and
total failure from design to construction. In the future countries such as this must enforce much
stronger codes of ethics and standards of work for all buildings. In the design process something
like a per-review should have been utilized for a structure this large and with such high risk to
human life. As for the construction process it seems like there was no standards followed at all.
With such giant failures from the contractor one must look at the owner as to how a company like
this could be hired in the first place for a job this significant. These question again lead back to the
notion that corruption of the owner in this case the government might have been at work do to how
easily all of this could have been prevented.

Construction and site supervision is the part of the work by the contractor that needs close
attention and supervision because the final outcome of the finished product depends on the quality
of work produced by the contractor on site. Hence, it is expected that the contract workers will be
supervised by the site engineers or clerk of works to ensure there is no compromise in design and
actual construction work. It is the responsibility of the consultants (both the architect and engineer)
to carry out periodic, if not regular, inspection on site to ensure that the quality of work done by
the contractor is up to par. The standard site inspection usually carried out to verify everything is
within acceptable limits.

3.2 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Engineers have to follow the design rules and in fact they have to pay the risk by designing
something so that any accident can be averted. By generating the owner's manual, maybe the user
can use the device or the technology in the right way and it also can reduce the chances of getting
any accident that can lead to death or injury. So engineers are born to help the people in the world
by inventing the advance technology and designing it with the prospect of safety too. All the design
must meet their specifications and standards to ensure a good and safe design. Federal safety laws
are different for each departments or industries.

Engineers are professionally responsible for ensuring that their products or system are
safe enough before they are established. They are legally bounded through law and regulations to
ensure that their designs are safe from concept through disposal. To ensure a safe design, engineers
must foresee the possibilities about the misuses of the products and implement ways to minimize
the cautions of product misuses by the users. By adopting a safe design approach, it is possible to
design-out health and safety hazards to create a design options that meet both clients need and our
obligations as an engineer.

Accepted engineering practice is a safety issues that involve fundamental ideas about how
we view the world and what we believe is important and right. A designer has a responsibility to
ensure that their conceptions do not put the others on risk. They can't just create the design by
simply ignore insignificant risk even it consumes lots of cost. For good engineers, they must
always find alternatives about how to improve their current products to improve safety effect
besides implementing new ways of design. However, after designing, the products and finished
devices must be tested rigorously to see whether the products are safe and meet the specifications
needed.

3.3 CODES OF CONDUCTS

The ethical code that can be applied to this case is utilitarianism, duty ethics, and virtue
ethics. Utilitarianism means that the engineering company should use the good quality of material
and monitor the workmanship of their workers. They cannot just think of mere profit without
considering the adverse effects which may occur in the future. Duty ethics means that the
responsible parties should take immediate action when they notice any problem happen. However,
they turned a blind eye and act like nothing has happen. Virtue ethics means that the engineer
should show good character instead of bad character other than they should follow all the rules
and specification use in that project without neglecting even one of it to prevent from anything bad
happen and the must ensure every single specification that has been set by the responsible should
be obeyed because there must be a good reason behind each point.

An investigation of the Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium roof collapse was performed
after the collapse by the government of Malaysia. The report was finished in December of 2009
but has not been released to the public and to obtain a copy it costs a large amount of money to
purchase from the government. As long the full report is not published to public, the integrity of
the people who manage the project is highly in question. It is as if they want to avoid taking any
blame and quietly make their way out. This is in stark contrast to how most investigations of
building failures are conducted in the United States. In the States this report would have been made
public so that the engineering and construction community could learn from the mistakes made.
This along with other issues in how the stadium was originally constructed imply the presence of
corruption in the government [3]. Luckily there are summaries of the report available as an
alternative.

For the cause of failure ten independent investigators from government agencies and
professional bodies appointed by the Public Works Department (JKR) have made investigation.
As for the cause of the failure in short everything from the design through construction was done
incorrectly. Failures in every aspect of the building also leads to questioning about the owner which
is also the government and their motivations when starting the project [1]. Even after eight months
waiting for full report and investigation, the report that is being released are not thorough. It also
does not indicate who or which party should be responsible for the ruin of the stadium. With project
this big, there is no way that no one can be held accountable. For worse, the party who are is not
even responsible for the failure are being judge by public guilty. Hence, it is important that
whenever accident or incidents occur, the party who responsible for the occurrence need to take
the blame. This will put public to calm and move forward with more imperative action and avoid
never ending blaming event.

4.0 Conclusion

As conclusion, this case study had achieve its objectives where the understanding of this
case is achieved from the background. The cause of tragedy, implications and measurement taken
are also stated and the discussion had been done for ethical codes, role and responsibilities from
the parties and also codes of conducts.