STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR

PRIMERS

Laboratory methods for determining

physical characteristics

Soils. Laboratory methods for determination

of physical characteristics

OKS 5709

Implementation date of 01/07/1985

* To develop industrial and scientific-research institute of engineering surveys for construction (PNIIIS) USSR State Committee, the Research
Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures (NIIOSP) them. N. Gersevanov USSR State, Ministry of Installation and Special
Construction of the USSR, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the USSR.

* ARTISTS

* R.S.Ziangirov Dr. Geology and miner. Science (Leader) I.V.Sheykin, PhD. tech. Science; N.A.Pankratova; A.V.Vasilev, PhD. Geology and
miner. Science; L.G.Mariupolsky, PhD. tech. Science; A.A.Vasileva, PhD. Geology and miner. Science; A.A.Dobrovolsky; E.S.Markova;
G.K.Bondarik Dr. Geology and miner. Science; V.V.Dmitriev, PhD. Geology and miner. Science; S.V.Timofeev, PhD. tech. Science;
O.N.Silnitskaya.

* Fill out the production and scientific-research institute of engineering surveys for construction (PNIIIS) USSR State.

* Approved and promulgated by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Construction on October 24, 1984 N 177.
________________

* Information data are given in the text of the official editions - Moscow: Publishing Standards, 1985. - Note the manufacturer's database.

Instead of GOST 5180-75, GOST 5181-78, GOST 5182-78, GOST 5183-77.

Perizdanie. July 1993

This standard applies to soils without rigid structural bonds and establishes methods for laboratory determination of their physical characteristics
- moisture and density in studies of soil for construction.

It does not apply to coarse soils.

The main terms used in this standard, and their explanations are given in Appendix 1.

1. GENERAL

1.1. Selection, packaging, transportation and storage of soil samples undisturbed addition (monoliths) and disturbed structure should be in
accordance with GOST 12071-84.

1.2. Preparation for testing and determining the density of frozen soils should be conducted in a room with negative air temperature, not exposed
to thawing. Before testing, the samples should be kept at a given negative temperature at least 6 hours

1.3. Method for determining the characteristics of selected depending on the soil properties as shown in Table. 1.

1.4. Equipment and materials necessary to determine the physical properties of soils are given in Appendix 2.

1.5. Physical characteristics should be determined for at least two parallel samples taken from the soil sample.
 Table 1

Defined Section of the Method Primers

standard
characteristics of the soil definitions (The range of
applicability of the
method)

Humidity, including 2 Drying to constant

hygroscopic weight
All soils

The total moisture 3 Average sample

Humidity

Frozen and layered

mesh cryostructure

Humidity liquid limit 4 Cone Penetration

 Silty clay

Humidity limits 5 Rolling into a bundle

Same

Meshing

Appendix 12 Pressing

Same

6 Cutting ring

Easily to be cut or
not to retain its shape
without a ring,
sypuchemerzlye with
massive cryogenic
texture
 Density of the soil

7 Weighing in water
wax samples
Silty clay non-frozen,
prone to fracture or
difficult-clipping

8 Weighing in a neutral
fluid
Icy

Density

The density of dry soil 9 Calculated

All soils

10 Pycnometrically
water
All soils, except
saline and swelling
 The density of the soil 11 However, with the
particles neutral fluid
Saline and swelling

Appendix 13 The two-

pycnometers
Saline

1.6. Value characteristics are calculated as the arithmetic average of the results of parallel determinations. The difference between parallel
determinations should not exceed the values given in Appendix 3. If the difference exceeds the maximum number of definitions should be
increased.

1.7. In processing the test results calculated density to 0.01 g / cc, humidity up to 30% - to 0.1%, humidity 30% and above - up to 1%.

1.8. Accuracy of measurement of weight (weighing) shall not exceed:

with a mass of 10 to 1000 g ....... 0.02 g

"" From 1 to 5 kg ......... 5 g

1.9. The position of soil sampling results and determine their physical characteristics are recorded in the logs, the form given in Annex 4-10.

2. DETERMINATION OF SOIL MOISTURE method of drying

To constant weight
2.1. Soil moisture should be defined as the ratio of the mass of water removed from the soil by drying to constant weight, the weight of the dried
soil.

2.2. Preparation for testing

2.2.1. Soil samples are taken to determine the moisture content of 15-50 g weight, placed in a pre-dried, weighed and numbered cup and tight
fitting lid.

2.2.2. Soil samples to determine soil moisture absorbent mass 10-20 g selected method of quartering the ground in air-dry crushed, sieved
through a sieve with a mesh number 1 and withstand open for at least 2 hours at this temperature and humidity.

2.3. The tests

2.3.1. The soil sample is weighed in a closed cup.

2.3.2. Open cup with a lid and placed in a heated oven. Soil is dried to constant mass at (105 ± 2) ° C. Plastered soil is dried at a temperature of
(80 ± 2) ° C.

2.3.3. Sandy soils dried for 3 hours, and the rest - for 5 hours

Subsequent drying of sandy soils produce for 1 hour, and the rest - for 2 hours

2.3.4. Plastered ground dried for 8 hours followed by drying produce for 2 hours

2.3.5. After each drying soil in the cup is cooled in a desiccator with calcium chloride to room temperature and weighed.

Drying the produce until the mass difference between the ground with a glass in two consecutive weighings is not more than 0.02 g

2.3.6. If the re-weighting of soil containing organic matter, an increase in mass, as the result of weighting the smallest mass.
2.4. Processing of results

2.4.1. Soil moisture calculated as follows:

where - Mass of the empty

cup with a lid, g;

- The mass of moist soil and

cover with a glass, g;

- The mass of dried soil

with a glass and cover, was
Allowed to express soil moisture expressed as a decimal.

3. DETERMINATION OF TOTAL MOISTURE

Frozen ground

3.1. Preparation for testing

3.1.1. A sample of frozen soil with a layered texture or mesh cryogenic weight 1-3 kg (with at least three layers of ice and mineral each direction)
was placed in a pre-dried, weighed and numbered bottles. Allowed to occur in samples of soil in tightly tied plastic bags during transport and
storage.

3.2. The tests

3.2.1. The soil sample is weighed in the container, let it thaw and bring to a smooth, close to the border of stress for silty-clay soils, or full water
saturation for sandy soil, mixing it with a metal trowel and adding distilled water or gently pouring the excess water after clarification.

3.2.2. Soil in the container again weighed and samples taken from it to determine the moisture content of the mixed soil in accordance with the
requirements of paragraphs. 2.3 and 2.4.

3.3. Processing of results

3.3.1. Total moisture % Of the frozen soil is calculated by

the formula
where - Tare weight, in grams;

- The mass of the soil sample (with

packaging), Mr.

- The mass of the mixed soil (with

packaging), Mr.

- Moisture content of the mixed soil,%

4. DEFINITION liquid limit

4.1. Liquid limit should be determined as moisture cooked pasta from the test soil in which the balancing cone sinks under its own weight for 5
with a depth of 10 mm.
4.2. Preparation for testing

4.2.1. To determine the liquid limit using monoliths disturbed structure or patterns that require the preservation of the natural moisture.

For soils containing organic matter, liquid limit is determined immediately after opening the sample.

For soils that do not contain organic matter, soil samples are allowed to air-dry.

4.2.2. The soil sample natural moisture knead in a porcelain cup with a spatula or knife cut into thin chips (with the addition of distilled water, if
necessary) by removing the residues larger than 1 mm, were taken from the soil pulverized by quartering a sample of approximately 300 g and
rub through sieve with a mesh number 1.

The sample was kept in a closed glass container at least 2 hours

4.2.3. The soil sample in air-dry ground in a porcelain mortar or rastirochnoy car, avoiding fragmentation of the soil particles and at the same
time removing from him residues larger than 1 mm, sieved through a sieve with a mesh number 1, moisten with distilled water to a thick paste,
stirring with a spatula and kept in a closed glass vessel under § 4.2.2.

4.2.4. To remove excess moisture from the sludge samples produce compression ground paste, placed in cotton fabric between sheets of filter
paper, the pressure (press, cargo). Dirt paste of mud is not allowed to maintain a closed glass vessel.

4.2.5. Add dry soil into groundwater paste is not allowed.

4.3. The tests

4.3.1. Prepared pasta dirt mixed thoroughly with a spatula and small portions tight (no air pockets) are placed in a cylindrical cup to balancing
cone. The surface of the paste smooth down with a spatula to the edges cup.

4.3.2. Balancing cone lubricated with a thin layer of petroleum jelly to point to the surface of soil paste, so that its tip came to a paste. Then
slowly release the cone, allowing it to sink into the paste under its own weight.

4.3.3. Immersion cone paste for 5 with a depth of 10 mm indicates that the soil has a moisture content corresponding to the boundary point.
4.3.4. When covered with a cone for 5 with a depth of less than 10 mm, ground paste is removed from the cup is attached to the rest of the pasta,
add a little distilled water, mix thoroughly and repeat its operations specified in paragraphs. 4.3.1-4.3.3.

4.3.5. When covered with a cone for 5 with a depth of more than 10 mm from the cup pasta dirt shift in china cup, slightly dried in the air,
stirring constantly with a spatula, and repeat the operations specified in paragraphs. 4.3.1-4.3.3.

4.3.6. Upon reaching the liquid limit (Section 4.3.3) of pasta, samples weighing 15-20 g for moisture determination in accordance with the
requirements of paragraphs. 2.3 and 2.4.

5. DEFINITION plastic limit

5.1. Plastic limit (plasticity) should be defined as moisture from the cooked pasta test soil in which pasta, rolled into a bundle with a diameter of
3 mm, begins to disintegrate into pieces the length of 3-10 mm.

5.2. Preparation for testing

5.2.1. Soil preparation is carried out in accordance with paragraphs. 4.2.1-4.2.5 or use a portion of the soil (40-50 g), prepared for the
determination of strength.

5.3. The tests

5.3.1. Prepared dirt pasta mix thoroughly, take a small piece and roll hand on a glass or plastic plate to form a bundle diameter of 3 mm. If the
thickness of the wiring preserves connectivity and plasticity, it is collected in a ball and roll out again to form a bundle diameter of 3 mm. Should
roll out, lightly pushing harness, rope length should not exceed the width of the palm. To continue rolling until the burn starts to fall apart in the
transverse cracks on long pieces of 3-10 mm.

5.3.2. Pieces of decaying harness collected in cups, cover with lid. When the mass of soil in pots will reach 10-15 g, determine the moisture
content in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.3 and 2.4.

6. DETERMINATION OF DENSITY OF SOIL BY CUTTING RINGS

6.1. Density of the soil is determined by the ratio of the mass of the soil sample to its volume.

6.2. Preparation for testing

6.2.1. According to the requirements of Table. 2 choose the cutting ring-sampler.

Table 2

Dimensions of the ring-sampler

Name Outer edge angle of

cutting edge
and soil conditions Wall thickness, mm Internal diameter d, Height h
mm

Non-frozen silty 1,5-2,0 No more than 30 degrees.

clay soils

Non-frozen and 2,0-4,0 Same

sypuchemerzlye
sandy soils

Frozen silty clay 3,0-4,0 h=d 45 city.

soils
6.2.2. Rings samplers made of steel with corrosion-resistant coating or other materials which are not inferior in terms of hardness and corrosion
resistance.

6.2.3. Numbered rings, measure the inside diameter and height to an accuracy of 0.1 mm and weighed. Calculated from measurements of the
volume of the ring to 0.1 cc

6.2.4. Plate with a smooth surface (glass, metal, etc.) are numbered and weighed.

6.3. The tests

6.3.1. Ring Sampler smeared on the inside with a thin layer of petroleum jelly or grease.

6.3.2. Stripped top soil sample line the plane, cutting off excess soil with a knife, set it on the cutting edge of the ring and a screw press or
manually through the nozzle ring is pressed lightly into the soil by fixing the limit of the test. Then the ground outside of the ring is cut to a depth
of 5-10 mm below the cutting edge of the ring, forming a column with a diameter of 1-2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the ring.
Periodically as removing soil and press lightly press or skewer attachment ring on the column of soil, straight out. After filling the ground rings
are cut by 8-10 mm below the cutting edge of the ring and separate it.

Ground, the dimensions of the ring, cut with a knife and trimmed the soil surface to the edges of the ring and close the ends of the plates.

With plastic or granular soil ring smoothly without distortions dent in it and remove the soil around the ring. Then smooth out the surface of the
soil, cover the plate and pick up the ring from underneath the flat paddle.

6.3.3. Ring with the ground and the plates weighed.

6.4. Processing of results

6.4.1. Density of the g / cc, calculated as

soil follows:

where - The mass of soil from the ring and

plates, g
- The mass of the ring, g;

- Weight plates, g;

- The internal volume of the ring, cc

7. DETERMINATION OF DENSITY BY GROUND

WEIGHING IN WATER
7.1. Preparation for testing

7.1.1. Cut out a soil sample of not less than 50 cc and give it a round shape, cutting sharp protrusions.

7.1.2. Sample fine strong thread tied to the free end of length of 15-20 cm, having a loop for hanging earrings to balance.

7.1.3. Paraffin, ns containing impurities are heated to a temperature of 57-60grad.S.

7.2. The tests

7.2.1. Tied with thread soil sample is weighed.

7.2.2. The soil sample cover wax shell, plunging it to 2-3 with a heated wax. In this case, the air bubbles found in the frozen wax shell is removed
by piercing them and zaglazhivaya heated needle puncture site. This operation is repeated until a solid wax shell.

7.2.3. Paraffin cooled sample weighed.

7.2.4. Then Paraffin sample weighed in a container with water. For this set of weights over the cup holder for the vessel with water in order to
eliminate its touch to the side of the scale (or remove the suspension with a cup of earrings, balance the scales additional load). By earring hung
rocker pattern and dipped into a container of water. The volume of the vessel and the length of the thread should provide complete immersion in
the water sample. The sample should not touch the bottom and sides of the vessel.

Note. Allowed to use the callback method of weighing. Weights on the pan dial set a container of water and weigh it. Then immersed in a liquid
sample, suspended from a tripod, and again weighed vessel with water and immersed in the sample.

7.2.5. The weighted sample is taken out of the water, get wet filter paper and weighed to check the tightness of the shell. If the mass of the
sample increased by more than 0.02 g compared to the original, the sample should reject and repeat the test with another sample.

7.3. Processing of results

 7.3.1. Density of the g / cc, calculated as
soil follows:

where - The mass of the soil sample to

waxing, g;

- The mass of the soil sample waxed,

g;

- The result of weighing the sample in

the water - the mass difference
between waxed obraztsavytesnennoy
them water, g;

- Density of paraffin, equals 0.900 g /

cc;
 - Density of water at test temperature,
g / cc.

Note. Density of paraffin to be specified for each batch of wax. The density of water, depending on the temperature, should be taken on the
application 11.

7.3.2. In applying the method of inverse weighting soil density is calculated by the formula

where - The same as in formula (4);

- Mass of the dish with water, g;

- Mass of the dish with water and

immersed in her wax model, was

8. Determination of the density of the frozen soil METHOD

Weigh in neutral liquids

8.1. Preparation for testing

8.1.1. The soil sample and neutral liquid (kerosene, naphtha, etc.) must have a negative temperature.

8.1.2. The soil sample is taken round weighing 100-150 g and tied with a thread (§ 7.1.2). For soils with a mesh or a layered structure of the
cryogenic sample weight can be increased.

8.1.3. Determine the density of neutral liquid hydrometer at the test temperature.

8.2. The tests

8.2.1. Tied with thread soil sample is weighed.

8.2.2. The sample is then weighed, plunging it into a neutral liquid. Weigh produce in accordance with paragraph 7.2.4.

8.3. Processing of results

8.3.1. Density of the g / cc, calculated as

soil follows:

where - Mass of the

sample (to dive),
 g;

- The result of
weighing the
sample in neutral
fluid - the
difference
between the
sample and the
mass of the
displaced fluid to
them, g;

- Density of the
liquid at a neutral
test, g / cc.

Note. In applying the method of inverse weighting soil density is calculated by the formula

where - The same as in

the formula (6);
 - Weight of the
vessel with the
neutral fluid, g;

- Weight of the
vessel with the
neutral fluid and
immersed in her
sample, the

9. Determination of the density of dry soil

The design method

9.1. To determine the density of dry soil pre-determine soil moisture and density at this moisture in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 2, 3
and 6-8.

9.2. The density of dry soil g / cc, calculated as follows:

 where - Soil density, g /
cc;

- Soil
moisture,%.

10. Determination of the density of the soil particles

Pycnometrically METHOD

10.1. The density of soil particles by the ratio of the mass of soil particles to their volume.

10.2. Preparation for testing

10.2.1. The soil sample in air-dry milled in a porcelain mortar, taken by quartering average sample weight of 100-200 g and sifted through a
sieve with a mesh number 2, sieve residue ground in a mortar and sifted through the same screen.

10.2.2. Of the blended average sample taken sample of the soil at the rate of 15 g per 100 ml capacity pycnometer and dried to constant weight in
accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.2 and 2.3. Sample of peaty soil or peat should be selected from an average sample rate of 5 g
of dry soil per 100 ml capacity pycnometer, which in this case should not be less than 200 ml.

Allowed to use the soil in air-dry condition, defining its hygroscopic moisture.

10.2.3. Distilled water should be boiled for 1 h and stored in a sealed bottle.

10.3. The tests

10.3.1. Pycnometer filled with 1/3 of distilled water and weighed. Then pour through a funnel into a dried soil sample and weighed again.
10.3.2. Pycnometer with water and soil is shaken and put to boil on a sand bath. Duration quiet boiling (from the start of boiling) should be: for
sand and sandy loam - 0.5 hours, for loam and clay - 1 hour

10.3.3. After boiling, the pycnometer must be cooled and add distilled water to the volumetric risks to the neck, and if the pycnometer in a
capillary tube - to neck pycnometer.

Pycnometer cooled to room temperature in a water bath. The temperature was determined by the pycnometer temperature of bath water,
measured to within + / - 0.5 degrees C thermometer, placed in the middle of the bath between the pycnometer.

10.3.4. After cooling, the pycnometer readjust position of the meniscus of water in it, adding a dropper of distilled water. In the pycnometer with
measuring NCD risk meniscus should coincide with it. Possible water droplets greater the risk is removed with filter paper. Pycnometer with
capillary topped until the middle of the neck pycnometer stopper and remove the tabs from the capillary water filter paper. Check for air bubbles
under the cap, and if any re-add water.

Wipe the outside of the pycnometer and weighed.

10.3.5. Then pour the contents of the pycnometer, rinse it, pour it with distilled water and kept in a water bath at the same temperature. Then
perform the operations specified in paragraph 10.3.4, and weighed pycnometer with water.

Note. With a large number of tests should determine in advance the volume of the pycnometer (up to measuring risk) and their masses of water at
different temperatures are in the range of tests. Cc pycnometer volume is calculated according to the formula

where - Mass of the pycnometer with

distilled water (or neutral fluid - see
Sec.
11) at a temperature calibration, g;

- Mass of empty
pycnometer, g;

- Density of water (or

neutral liquid) at the same
temperature, g / cc.

The mass of the pycnometer with g, with

distilled water or a neutral fluid

test temperature is calculated by the

formula

where - Density of water (or neutral liquid)

at the test temperature.

10.4. Processing of results

 The density of the soil G / cc, calculated as
particles follows:

where - The mass of dry soil, g;

- Mass of the pycnometer with water

and soil after boiling at the test
temperature, g;

- Mass of the pycnometer with water

at the same temperature, g;

- Density of water at the same

temperature, g / cc.

Note. The mass determined as the difference of the two weighings

of dry soil
made on the
instructions of
paragraph
10.3.1.
In the case of soil in air-dry calculated as
follows:

where

- Mass of the
sample of air-dry
soil, g;

- Air-dry soil
moisture,%.

11. Determination of the density of the soil particles pycnometrically

METHOD neutral liquids

11.1. Preparation for testing

11.1.1. Preparation of soil samples produced in accordance with the paragraphs. 10.2.1 and 10.2.2.

11.1.2. Neutral fluid (such as kerosene) must be dewatered and filtered. Kerosene is dehydrated by shaking it with silica gel to GOST 3956-76,
calcined in a muffle furnace at 500 ° C for 4 h Silica take rate of 250 g per 1 liter of kerosene.

The density of kerosene after dehydration and purification is to be installed using a hydrometer.

11.2. Tests are carried out in accordance with the paragraphs. 10.3.1-10.3.4, using dehydrated kerosene instead of distilled water and vacuum
instead of boiling: the vacuum degree in the evacuation should be determined by the top bubbling air evacuation should continue until no more
bubbles, but not less than 1 hour at the temperature of kerosene all weighings should be constant to within ± 1 ° C.

11.3. Processing of results

The particle density of the saline soil g / cc, calculated as follows:

or swelling

where - The mass of dry

soil, g;

- Mass of the
pycnometer with
 kerosene and the
ground, g;
- Mass of the
pycnometer with
kerosene, g;
- Density of
kerosene at the
test temperature,
g / cc.

ANNEX 1

Reference

TERMS AND NOTES

Soil - The ratio of the mass of water in the volume of soil to the weight of the soil
moisture dried out to
constant
weight.
Air-dry moisture - Soil moisture in the air-dry state, ie,
in a state

equilibrium with the humidity and temperature of the surrounding air.

Liquid limit - Moisture content of the soil in which the soil is on the
border of plastic and

fluid state.

Plastic limit (plasticity) boundary between a solid and plastic states. - Moisture content
of the soil in which
the soil is

Density of - The mass per unit volume of soil.

the soil

The density of dry soil - The ratio of the mass of soil, excluding the
weight of water and ice in it

time to its original volume.

The density of - The mass per unit volume of solid (skeleton) of the particles of the soil.
the soil
particles

Appendix 2

Mandatory

Equipment and materials required

to determine the physical properties of soils

Section number standard

№ Equipment Annex Annex
п
/ and materials Humidity Density we we
п

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13

1 Drying cabinet or vacuum + + + + + + + +

drying

2 GOST 27544-87 thermometer + + + + + + + +

with a scale from 0 to 200 ° C,
with divisions 2 grad.C

3 Desiccator GOST 23932-90 with + + + + + + + +

calcium chloride by TU 6-09-
4711-81 calcined in a muffle
furnace

4 Glass cups, GOST 23932-90 or + + + + + + + +

aluminum BC-1 with covers
5 Metal spatulas + + + + + + + +

6 Knife with a straight blade + + + + + + + +

7 Crucible Tongs + + + + + + + +

8 Laboratory equipment in + + + + + + + + + + +
accordance with GOST 24104-
88, GOST with weights 7328-82

9 Libra desktop Dial GOST +

24104-88, GOST with weights
7328-82

10 Porcelain mortar and pestle to + + + + + + +

GOST 9147-80

11 Set of sieves to GOST 6613-86 + + + + + + +

12 Porcelain cup in accordance with + + + +

GOST 9147-80 or plastic bowl,
 enamelled

13 Ring-samplers (see paragraph +

3.1.2)

14 Blade flat + + + + + + + +

15 Caliper GOST 166-89 +

16 Screw press +

17 Nozzle ring indentation +

18 Smooth plate (glass, metal, etc.) + +

19 Vaseline technical + +

20 Grease (grease, etc.) + +

21 Laboratory beakers 0.5 and 1 + +
liter

22 Supports different + + +

23 GOST 27544-87 thermometer + + + + +

with a scale from 0 to 50 ° C,
with divisions 0,5 ° C

24 Paraffin +

25 Needle, thread, fishing line +

26 Filter paper + + + + +

27 Set in accordance with GOST + +

18481-81 hydrometer with a
scale of 0.001 g / cc, from 15 to
35 ° C
28 Neutral liquid (kerosene, + +
naphtha, etc.)

29 Pycnometers GOST 22524-77 + + +

30 Sand bath +

31 Water bath + + +

32 Dropper or pipette + + +

33 Vacuum cabinet with glass doors +

or a vacuum pump with a plate
and cap

34 Balancing cone * +

35 Stopwatch CM-60 + +
36 Distilled water + + + + + + +

37 Funnel glass + + +

38 Containers made of glass (the + +

bank) to cover

39 Cotton fabrics + +

40 Press a lever or hydraulic up to 3 +

tons

Appendix 3

Mandatory
Allowable results of parallel determinations
difference

Soil moisture

1- 5 > 5 -10 > 10 - 50 > 50 -100 > 100

0,2 0,6 2,0 4,0 5,0

Soil moisture stress on the border

to 80 80 or more

2,0 4,0
Humidity gruntana plastic limit

to 40 40 and more

2,0 4,0

Soil density,

Sandy soils Silty clay soils

0,04 0,03

The density of the soil particles

 2.75 2.75 and more

0,02 0,03

APPENDIX 4

Recommended

JOURNAL

determine the moisture content of soil

Date Laboratory No Glubina No Mass Weight of dried Humidity

expression team glass of wet
№ Weight
№ HYDRATED Samples or ground soil and cover with
sample processing of the with a a glass
п
number soil, m Chick cup glass-
/
with a
п
lid m, mitter
g and
cover
 g

g 1st 2nd individual average

weighed weighing
tion
tion tion samples

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

APPENDIX 5

Recommended

JOURNAL

determine the total moisture content of frozen soil

by an average sample
№ Laborat Glubi Mass No
№
ory na move- glas
Dat No team Number Tare Weig s or Weig Mass Weight Mixed soil The
p/ e expressi of weig ht of ht of moisture wet
torny Grunt shanno
p on packagi ht the wet dried
model go soil Chic
No. s, ng soil and k cup grou ABILI
processi samp contain nd runta with a TY
sample ng m le er with with glass lid and
with lid m, a Soil
a tare g glass
g weig -
ht
mitte
g r and g
cover

1st 2nd individ avera

weigh weighi ual ge
ed ng
tion
tion tion samples

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
 ANNEX 6

Recommended

JOURNAL

determine the boundaries of strength and rolling

silty clay soils

Liquid limit Plastic limit

№ D Labor No Glu No Wei Mass Weight of Liquid No Wei Mas Wei Plasti Number of Note
№ at atory expre bina gla ght of dried soil limit gla ght s of ght c plasticity s
e ssion tea ss glas wet with a glass ss glas wet of limit
п torny m or s- soil lid and or s- grou drie ABILITY
sampl proce Gru with nd d
/ e ssing nt Ch Chi Ch Chi with soil
п numb mod ick ck staka ick ck a with
er els, wit nchi- glass a
ha wit - glass
lid ball g h lid
lid Chic and
mг and k
cover mг
and
 m cove
r
g

1st 2nd sing aver g 1st 2nd indivi one-

weig weig le age weig weig dual
g hed hing sam hed hing Appl
ple tion ying
tion tion tion tion sampl
es

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2
1

ANNEX 7

Recommended

JOURNAL
 determine the density of the soil by cutting ring

№№ Date Laboratory No Glubina No. Number Weight Weight Weight Weight Amount Soil density,
expression team plates rings rings plates, g of soil, of soil
p/ torny Samples Ring with the g V, cc
p sample processing Grunt, ground
number m and
records

top lower top lower sample average

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

ANNEX 8

Recommended
 JOURNAL

determine soil density by weighing in water

wax samples

Density

Weight, g

№№ Date Laboratory No Depth a Paraffin- Paraffin- checkweighing sample The

expression ground- paraffin average
p/p torny Grunt up Rowan Rowan
processing team Paraphs soil soil in Rowan soil
number of models, water
the soil m ning
sample

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ANNEX 9
 Recommended

JOURNAL

determine soil density by weighing the sample

in a neutral liquid

№№ Date Laboratory Number Depth Weight, g Temperature Density Density

generation
p/p torny Grunt round neutral fluid
sample team liquid, ° C
number models,
m

sample sample sample average

in the in
air neutral

isotropic
 liquid

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ANNEX 10

Recommended

JOURNAL

determine the density of the soil particles by pycnometric

№№ Date La No. Glubi- No. Temperature The density of

Bora Team the soil particles
p/ expression Image ture of
p tor-tion processing Miss, water
Pickney Weight, g
number m (kerosene
meter on), ° C
sample
 Pickney Pickney Pickney Pickney dry sample The
meter, meter, meter of meter of average
filled filled water water Soil
with a with a (kerosene (kerosene
water water region) rated)
(kerosene (kerosene and the
rated) 1/3 rated) 1/3 ground
of its of its
capacity capacity
and the
ground

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

ANNEX 11

Reference

The density of water at different temperatures

Temperature, ° C Density, g / cc Temperature, ° C Density, g / cc

 0 -12 1,000 24 -27 0,997

12 -18 0,999 28-30 0,996

19 -23 0,998 31-33 0,995

ANNEX 12

Recommended

DEFINITION plastic limit (plasticity)

BY PRESSING

1. Plastic limit may be determined as moisture ground paste, is set after pressing it in contact with the cellulose (filter paper) under a pressure of
2 MPa (20 kgf / cm) before the water yield of the soil.

2. The tests

2.1. Template 2 mm thick with a 5 cm diameter are placed on a cotton cloth and fill the ground paste, prepared by the PP. 4.2.1-4.2.5 of this
standard. The excess paste with a knife cut flush with the surface of the template. Template is removed, and the resulting sample covers the top
of the same cloth.
2.2. The top and bottom of prepared sample stack of 20 sheets of filter paper size 9x9 cm prepared sample is placed between wooden or metal
plates and create pressure with a press on the sample of 2 MPa (20 kgf / cm) for 10 min.

2.3. Then spend the completion fluid loss control soil. For this, remove the pressure of the press, and the sample is removed by removing the
filter paper and fabric, folded piece in half.

Plastic limit is achieved if the sample gives a crack at the crease.

2.4. In the absence of cracks in the new definition repeated portions of pasta, increasing the duration of pressing for 10 minutes compared with
the duration of the previous test. Repeated pressing repeat as long as there is no rolling off the edge of soil in accordance with paragraph 2.3 of
this annex.

2.5. On reaching the plastic limit immediately determine moisture sample in accordance with the paragraphs. 2.2 and 2.3 of this standard.

2.6. To control the application of the method for soil coming into the lab, at least 20% of the total number of samples from each geotechnical
element shall be tested in parallel by rolling as directed by Sec. 5 of this standard. Compression method may only be used in obtaining
comparable results of control definitions.

ANNEX 13

Recommended

Determination of the particle density

SALINE SOILS IN WATER

1. Preparation of soil samples for testing should be conducted in accordance with the paragraphs. 10.2.1 and 10.2.2 of this standard.

2. The tests
2.1. Perform the operations specified in paragraphs. 10.3.1-10.3.3 of this standard.

2.2. With a blower should be gently suck clarified liquid from the top of a small pycnometer pycnometer, which should not exceed 60-80% of the
volume of the main pycnometer. Position of the meniscus in a small pycnometer set in accordance with paragraph 10.3.4 of this standard, by
adding dropwise clarified salt solution of a large pycnometer, while preventing sediment resuspension in a large pycnometer.

Small pycnometer with liquid, wipe it dry and weigh.

2.3. Saline solution from a small pycnometer, and the suspension is poured from a large pycnometer, rinse them with distilled water, pour
distilled water and kept in a water bath.

2.4. Next, perform the operations specified in paragraph 10.3.4 of this standard, and weighed pycnometers with water.

3. Processing of results

3.1. The particle g / cc, calculated as

density of the saline follows:
soil

where - The mass of soil in the pycnometer, g,

- Mass of the pycnometer large (empty), i,

- A large mass pycnometer with water and

soil, g

- A large mass of water pycnometer, g,

- The mass of small pycnometer (empty), i,

- The mass of small pycnometer with water,

g,

- The mass of small pycnometer with brine,

g,

- Density of G.kub.sm = 2.20);

soluble
salts (which
 is allowed
to take
- Density of water at the test temperature, g / cc.

Electronic text document

Company prepared the "Code" and checked by:

official tzdanie

Moscow: Publishing Standards, 1993