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LABORATORY
DATE
SCHEDULE
INTRODUCTION
Atoms have very small masses. Macroscopic samples contain a very large number of atoms.
The mole is used to deal with these extremely large numbers of atoms in macroscopic
samples. The mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many entities as
there are in exactly 12 grams of C-12. This is experimentally determined to be 6.022 x 1023 and is
referred to as Avogadro’s number. The molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of a
substance. It is possible and practical to count very small objects by determining an average
mass then weighing a given sample. You will be asked to determine the number of entities in a
given sample of material through this technique. You will also determine the number of moles
of different substances and the corresponding number of atoms present in the sample.
OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the number of entities present in a given sample by weighing it and identifying
the average mass of a single entity of the sample.
2. To determine the number of moles and the number of atoms present in given samples of
materials.
MATERIALS
Balance – triple beam or electronic balance
Paper cups
Samples – e.g. kidney beans, mongo beans, rice, dried sago
Plastic spoons
Aluminium metal or foil
Iron (e.g. iron nails or iron filings)
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Sucrose (table sugar, C12H22O11)
PROCEDURES
Safety Precautions
1. Never taste anything during a science activity.
2. Dispose of the samples as directed by your teacher.
3. Wash your hands with soap and water after the activity.
4. Follow all laboratory instructions as directed by your teacher.
QUESTIONS
1. How much will 750 pieces of kidney beans weigh?
4. Helium (He) is a valuable gas used in industry, low-temperature research, deep-sea diving
tanks, and balloons. How many moles of He atoms are in 6.46 g of He?
5. Zinc (Zn) is a silvery metal that is used in making brass (with copper) and in plating iron to
prevent corrosion. How many grams of Zn are in 0.356 mole of Zn?
6. How many hydrogen atoms are present in 25.6 g of urea [(NH 2 ) 2 CO], which is used as
a fertilizer, in animal feed, and in the manufacture of polymers? The molar mass of
urea is 60.06 g.
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