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General Chemistry 1

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics


BLOCK NAMES GROUP #

LABORATORY
DATE
SCHEDULE

‘Mole Concepts and Molar Mass’

INTRODUCTION
Atoms have very small masses. Macroscopic samples contain a very large number of atoms.
The mole is used to deal with these extremely large numbers of atoms in macroscopic
samples. The mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many entities as
there are in exactly 12 grams of C-12. This is experimentally determined to be 6.022 x 1023 and is
referred to as Avogadro’s number. The molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of a
substance. It is possible and practical to count very small objects by determining an average
mass then weighing a given sample. You will be asked to determine the number of entities in a
given sample of material through this technique. You will also determine the number of moles
of different substances and the corresponding number of atoms present in the sample.

OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the number of entities present in a given sample by weighing it and identifying
the average mass of a single entity of the sample.
2. To determine the number of moles and the number of atoms present in given samples of
materials.

MATERIALS
 Balance – triple beam or electronic balance
 Paper cups
 Samples – e.g. kidney beans, mongo beans, rice, dried sago
 Plastic spoons
 Aluminium metal or foil
 Iron (e.g. iron nails or iron filings)
 Sodium chloride (NaCl)
 Sucrose (table sugar, C12H22O11)

PROCEDURES
Safety Precautions
1. Never taste anything during a science activity.
2. Dispose of the samples as directed by your teacher.
3. Wash your hands with soap and water after the activity.
4. Follow all laboratory instructions as directed by your teacher.

Part I. Counting by weighing: Relating mass to number


1. Count 20 beans (kidney, peanuts, patani, or other samples) and place them in a paper
cup.
2. Determine the mass of the 20 pieces of beans. Remember to subtract the mass of the
container.
3. Determine the mass of one bean by dividing the mass of the sample by 20.
4. Repeat steps 1-3 for the two other kinds of bean samples.

Mole concepts and molar mass


Part II. Relating mass to moles
1. Determine the masses of Samples 1 to 4 (Aluminum, Iron, Sodium chloride, and sucrose).
2. Record these in the data tables provided.
3. Calculate the number of moles in each sample.
4. Show all calculations and observe the correct use of units and significant figures.

DATA AND OBSERVATIONS

Part I. Counting by weighing: Relating mass to number


Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Sample
Mass of container
Mass of 20 pieces of
sample plus
container
Mass of 20 pieces of
sample

Part II. Relating mass to moles


Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4
ALUMINIUM IRON SODIUM SUCROSE
CHLORIDE (Table sugar,
(Table salt, C12H22O11)
NaCl)
1. Mass of
sample +
container, g
2. Mass of
container, g
3. Mass of
sample, g
4. Molar mass
of sample,
g/mol
5. Number of
moles in
sample
6. Number of
atoms in
sample
7. No. of atoms
in 1.0 gram
of

QUESTIONS
1. How much will 750 pieces of kidney beans weigh?

2. Calculate the mass of 5,500 mongo beans.

Mole concepts and molar mass


3. 158 grams of mongo beans is approximately how many pieces?

4. Helium (He) is a valuable gas used in industry, low-temperature research, deep-sea diving
tanks, and balloons. How many moles of He atoms are in 6.46 g of He?

5. Zinc (Zn) is a silvery metal that is used in making brass (with copper) and in plating iron to
prevent corrosion. How many grams of Zn are in 0.356 mole of Zn?

6. How many hydrogen atoms are present in 25.6 g of urea [(NH 2 ) 2 CO], which is used as
a fertilizer, in animal feed, and in the manufacture of polymers? The molar mass of
urea is 60.06 g.

Mole concepts and molar mass


GENERALIZATION

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REFERENCES: (CITE PROPERLY)

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Mole concepts and molar mass

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