SOURCES OF POLLUTION FROM

INLAND WATER
TRANSPORTATION UNITS

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 1
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 The Nile Fleet
• The fleet of ships and barges operating in the River
Nile can be classified as follows:

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 2
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 Floating Hotels

Total Number of boats 320

Total Number of beds 32340

Total Number of crew 21000
Total Number of persons 53340

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 3
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 Floating Restaurants

Total Number of floating restaurants 11

Total Number of guests 2650

Total Number of crew 400
Total Number of persons 3050

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 4
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 Self Propelled Cargo Barges

• These barges may take one of the following

alternative arrangements:
i - Single self propelled barges (some 1360 units
each with 5 crew)
ii- Pusher barge and pushed dumb barge (some 340
units each with 7 crew)
iii- Pusher tug and pushed dumb barges (some 10
units each with 7 crew)

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 5
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 Total Number of self propelled cargo barges 1710

Total Number of crew 9250

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 6
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 Nile Sailing Barges

• They can be further divided into:

i - Cargo Nile sailing barges (operating by one or two
sails), and are used to transport low cost
commodities (sand, gravel, clay, ...)

They amount to about 2000 units

Total Number of Crew 4000 persons

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 7
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 ii- Nile sailing fishing boats, in which a complete
family is living.
• Most of these units are owned and operated by
individuals.

Their number is estimated at 2000 units

Total Number of inhabitance 8000 persons

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 8
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 Ancillary and support units

• These include tug boats, floating cranes, dredgers,

hopper and split barges, service boats,.....etc.

Their number is estimated at 500 units

Total Number of Crew 3000 persons

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 9
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 The Total Fleet is 6541 units

The Total Number of crew and passengers

i.e. the total population is 80640 persons.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 10
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 The High Dam Lake
• The number of units are as follows:

(a) Passenger Trade

5 Floating Hotels
2 Ferry boats
Total number of guests 1200 persons
Total number of crew 475 persons

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 11
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 (b) Cargo Trade
Self propelled cargo barges and fishing boats amount
to 200 units employing 800 crew.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 12
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 Total Number of Fleet 207

Total Number of population 2475

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 13
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• It should be noted that because of the very slow
speed of water, any pollution particularly that of oil
spills would last for a very long time.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 14
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 Sources Of Pollution From The Nile
Fleet
• The sources of pollution from the Nile fleet can be
divided into:
• i - Sources of pollution due to accidents
• ii- Sources of pollution due to normal operations

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 15
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 Sources of pollution due to accident
• Accidents occur due to fire, collision and grounding,
which can lead to partial or total sinkage of the unit.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 16
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• The serious danger is when such unit is fully loaded
with liquid cargo e.g. fuel oil or any oil product,
molasses, ....etc. , or with dry bulk cargo particularly
if soluble in water e.g. sulphur, phosphate, .....etc.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 17
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• It should be noted that, in case of sinkage, not only
the contained cargo would cause the pollution, but
also other contents such as the fuel oil of the unit.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 18
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• The only way to avoid the danger of sinkage is to
design such units particularly employed in the
transportation of these types of cargoes in the form
of double hull in the cargo hold; i.e. double bottom
and double sides.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 19
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 Dr. Adel Banawan
October 13, 2009 20
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• sometimes, due to grounding or wear and tear of the
z-drive propulsion unit or Voith Schneider propellers,
oil spills would happen. This can be easily recognized
from the oil level indicator, and such a propeller
should be stopped immediately to avoid pollution of
the river water, and immediate repairs should start.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 21
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 Sources of pollution due to normal
operations
i - Visual Pollution
Visual pollution is the least harmful, and is due to the
bad, rusty and dirty appearance of the units because
of poor maintenance and mal design of the outside
shape.

The units should be kept in a good appearance by

painting them frequently

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 22
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 i i - Audio (Noise) Pollution

Audio pollution is again one of the less harmful types

of pollution, and is due to the sound emitted from
the exhaust system of internal combustion engines.

It is to be noted that the sound emitted from the

two-stroke type of engines is almost double that of
the four-stroke type.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 23
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• A proper selection of the exhaust system is made.

• It should be noted that the use of the wet exhaust

systems reduce the nose level than the case of dry
exhaust system.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 24
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 i i i - Atmospheric and Air Pollution

• Atmospheric air pollution is harmful to the

environment, and particularly when floating hotels
are docked side by side, whereby the engines
exhaust from one ship is very near to the air intake of
the other.

• Atmospheric pollution is due to the exhaust system

of internal combustion engines and water boilers.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 25
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• The fitting of wet exhaust systems would definitely
reduce this type of pollution.

• Also good maintenance of the diesel eugenics

reduces the possibility of incomplete combustion
and thus pollution.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 26
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• Maintain the diesel engines so as to control the in
complete combustion and the emission of
dangerous fumes.

• Also, the docking facilities should be increased all

along the navigation route.

• Forward the idea of converting the Diesel engines

to gas engines, in which case the harmful of exhaust
emission is reduced drastically.

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 27
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iv - Pollution of the river water

• Pollution of the river water is considered the most

dangerous aspect. The discharge out of ships and
barges are:
i. Sanitary discharge (gray and black water)
ii. Bilge discharge
iii. Laundry discharge
iv. Ballast water discharge
v. Solid discharge of garbage and rubbish

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 28
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 i. For hotel ships; a sanitary treatment plant is fitted
compulsory to treat the sanitary gray and black
water as well as the laundry discharge

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 29
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 ii. For cargo barges, collection tanks are used, and
the discharge out is to be made at special stations for
treatment. This is considered the most economical
and practical way

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 30
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• It should be noted that no attention whatsoever is
given to the bilge discharge, and ballast water
discharge.

• Garbage and rubbish are collected in plastic

containers from hotel ships all along their navigation
route

Dr. Adel Banawan

October 13, 2009 31
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