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In this last learning activity, you will learn about obligations, abilities,
prepositions of movement, shopping, the airport, means of transportation and
places around town. / En esta última actividad de aprendizaje, usted aprenderá
sobre obligaciones, habilidades, preposiciones de movimiento, compras, el
aeropuerto, medios de transporte, y lugares en una ciudad.
This material will help you study the topics related to learning activity 4. / Este
material le permitirá estudiar los temas relacionados con la actividad de
aprendizaje 4.
Example / Ejemplo:
We have to wear a tie to work. (It is not an option. It is a rule the company
has). / Tenemos que usar corbata en el trabajo. (No es una opción. Es una
regla de la empresa).
Fuente: SENA
When we talk about things we can choose to do or not, we use “don’t have
to”. / Cuando hablamos de actividades el las que podemos elegir entre
hacerlas o no, usamos “don’t have to”.
Example / Ejemplo:
Let’s see the grammar formula to express obligation and lack of obligation
using the simple present tense. / Veamos la estructura gramatical para
expresar obligación o falta de ella usando el presente simple.
Interrogative Form / Formas interrogativas
Auxiliary Verb Question
Wh- / how Subject Have to
(do / does) (base form) mark
Information Where do you have to go ?
Yes / no Do you have to go ?
Note: Remember you use the auxiliary does in question when you use the
third person singular (he, she, or it). Example: Where does Mary (she) have
to go? / Nota: recuerde que usted usa el auxiliar does en preguntas cuando
usa la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it). Ejemplo: ¿Dónde tiene que ir
Mary (ella)?
Note: Remember you use the auxiliary doesn’t in negative statements when
you use the third person singular (he, she, or it). Example: She doesn’t have
to write the report. / Nota: recuerde que usted usa el auxiliariar doesn’t en
oraciones negativas cuando usa la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it).
Ejemplo: ella no tiene que escribir el reporte.
When we talk about our or someone else’s abilities, we use “can”. / Cuando
hablamos de nuestras habilidades o las de alguien más usamos “can”.
Examples / Ejemplos:
She can cook Japanese Food. / Ella puede cocinar comida japonesa.
When we talk about our or someone else’s lack of ability, we use “can’t”. /
Cuando hablamos de la falta de habilidad nuestra o de la de alguien más
usamos “can’t”.
Examples / Ejemplos:
We also use can to talk about possibilities. / También podemos usar can
para hablar acerca de posibilidades.
Examples / Ejemplos:
Examples / Ejemplos:
I can’t play video games today. I’m too busy. / No puedo jugar
videojuegos hoy. Estoy demasiado ocupado.
She can’t come to the party. She has to work late. / Ella no puede venir a
la fiesta. Tiene que trabajar hasta tarde.
Let’s learn how to structure different statements when using can or can’t. /
Aprendamos a estructurar diferentes enunciados usando can y can’t.
There are some words we use to refer to the movement of an action in space.
These words are called prepositions of movement. Take a look at the chart
below to learn how and when to use them: / Hay unas palabras que usamos
para referirnos al movimiento de una acción en el espacio. Estas palabras se
llaman preposiciones de movimiento. Mire el cuadro a continuación para
aprender cómo y cúando usarlas:
An event: / Un evento:
A person:
Through
1. The movement within a space that is surrounding the subject. /
El movimiento dentro de un espacio que rodea al sujeto.
Example / Ejemplo:
Example / Ejemplo:
Examples / Ejemplos:
Into
James reached into his pocket and found his keys. / James
metió su mano en su bolsillo y encontró sus llaves.
Examples / Ejemplos:
Over
He jumped over the fence and opened the gate. / El saltó
sobre la cerca y abrió la puerta.
The plane flew over the lake. / El avión voló sobre el lago.
We also use over to describe the position of something in relation
to a surface. / También usamos over para describir la posición
de algo en relación con una superficie.
Example / Ejemplo:
She spread the tablecloth over the table. / Ella puso el mantel
sobre la mesa.
We use along when we refer to the kind of movement that
follows a line. / Usamos along cuando nos referimos al tipo de
movimiento que sigue una línea.
Below you will get familiar with some useful expressions about shopping. Some
expressions have a specific topic, but you can personalize them. For example: if
the sentence reads How much are the shoes? You just need to change shoes
for another plural noun to have a new question; for example, How much are
the earrings? Below, you will familiarize with some expressions that are useful
when going shopping. / Abajo se familirizará con algunas expresiones útiles
sobre compras. Algunas expresiones tienen un tema específico por el contexto,
pero usted puede personalizarlas. Por ejemplo, si la frase dice ¿Cuánto valen
los zapatos?, usted sólo necesita cambiar “zapatos” por otro sustantivo en
plural para tener una nueva pregunta. Por ejemplo, ¿Cuánto valen los aretes?
Abajo se familiarizará con algunas expresiones útiles acerca de las compras.
English Spanish
Tarjeta de
Boarding pass embarque /
pasabordo
Boarding time Hora de abordaje
Customs Aduanas
Customs Declaración
declaration aduanera
Customs officer Oficial de aduanas
Zona de pre-
Departure lounge
embarque
Immigration Ventanilla de
counter inmigración
Passport Pasaporte
Visa Visa
Scenery Paisaje
Carry-on bag Equipaje de mano
Tiempo de espera
Layover
entre vuelos
Flight Vuelo
Below you will find vocabulary about the most common places in a city. / Abajo
encontrará vocabulario relacionado con los lugares más comunes en una
ciudad.
Child-care center /
Bus station Cafeteria
day-care center
Cleaners / dry cleaners Donut shop Clinic
Gas station /
Grocery store Hair salon
service station
Hardware store Health club / spa Hospital
Contextualization / Contextualización
And, what
can I do
there?
Is there a
place near that
market?
Right! I think I
have to learn
Yeah! That’s a
some German
good idea,
first.
John.
Comprehension / Comprensión
Acording to the conversation decide if the following statements are true (T) or
false (F): / De acuerdo a la conversación decida si las siguientes oraciones son
ciertas o falsas:
T F
Practice 1 / Práctica 1
A. Find the mistake and write the correct sentence below each sentence: /
Encuentre el error y escriba la oración correcta debajo de cada oración:
8. Does your mom has to listen to music now? I’m trying to sleep.
___________________________________________________
B. Complete the sentences with can or have to and the verbs in parenthesis. /
Complete las siguientes oraciones con can o have to y los verbos en
paréntesis.
6. If you don’t want to lose the changes, you _________ (save) the file.
Terence: Sure, Tim. I took lessons when I was a child. Why do you ask?
Tim: Perfect.
According to the conversation, are the following statements true or false? /
De acuerdo con la conversación, ¿Son estas oraciones verdaderas o falsas?
F T
Practice 2 / Práctica 2
Example / Ejemplo:
1. Go up the ladder.
2. Run (into, 3. Walk (across,
1. Go (up, across, 4. Jump (over,
along, out of) down, over) the
over) the ladder. on, into) the pool.
the rope. hill.
9. Jog (across, around, into) the 10. Run (towards, on, into) the finish
track. line.
B. Read to the following conversations and choose the sentences with the
correct option: / Lea las siguientes conversaciones y elija las oraciones con
la opción correcta:
Conversation 1
A: Large, I think.
a. A small jacket.
b. A large sweater.
c. A large jacket.
Conversation 2
B: 9.
Conversation 3
A: Sure. Aisle 3.
A: Certainly.
Conversation 4
C. Read the following text and answer the questions below: / Lea el siguiente
texto y responda las preguntas a continuación:
Fuente: SENA
Garage sales or yard sales are informal events where people sell used things
they don’t want or need anymore. The place of the sale is usually a garage,
driveway, and sometimes the interior of a house. They traditionally take place
on weekends. Garage sales are convenient for sellers because don’t have to
obtain a business license or pay taxes.
People like to shop at garage sales because they can save a lot of money
and meet new people. Buyers usually try to bargain to get a cheaper price. In
order to bargain, you have to have excellent persuasion skills. Both sellers
and buyers try to outsmart each other.
You can find many different things at a garage sale. Some people sell tables,
sofas, chairs, and other pieces of furniture. Some other people sell clothes,
rings, necklaces and even bicycles. You never know what you can get at a
garage sale.
a. On weekdays.
b. On Saturdays and Sundays.
a. At malls.
b. At their property.
c. At parks.
According to the reading, are the following statements true or false? / ¿De
acuerdo a la lectura, las siguientes oraciones son verdaderas o falsas?
V F
D. Which is the way each of the following people prefer to travel. Use the clues
to complete the sentences. / Decida cuál es la manera favorita de viajar de
las siguientes personas. Use las pistas para completar las oraciones.
Clues:
E. Read to the conversation and select the statements that are true. / Lea la
conversación y seleccione los enunciados que son verdaderos.
Sebastian: You have to buy a ticket first. I suggest you buy a bus pass.
Tom: Thank you. By the way, where are you from? Your English is excellent.
Sebastian: Valencia, L. A.
Tom: Are you kidding? My parents live there. What a coincidence!
F. Read to the conversation and select the statements that are true. / Lea la
conversación y seleccione los enunciados que son verdaderos.
B: No, nothing.
B: Thank you.
G. Choose the correct word(s) from the box to complete the following
sentences: / Escoja la o las palabras correctas del cuadro para completar las
siguientes oraciones:
Anthony: Hey Carl. Can you drive me to the airport? I'm flying to Chicago
for business tomorrow morning.
Anthony: The plane leaves at 5:00 am, but I have to check in 2 hours
before. I'd like to get to the airport by 3:00. I’m going to take a
small carry-on bag. I’ll stay just for a couple of days.
Anthony: You are right. I almost forget. Last time I traveled didn’t bring it
and couldn’t sleep well while waiting. I also need to pack some
medicine for air sickness.
Carl: I know what you mean. Remember our last trip to Brazil when
you got sick on the plane? You had to use your barf bag.
Hahahahahaha! That was so embarrasing.
Carl: OK, man. I'll pick you up tomorrow morning at 2:00 am. Make
sure to be ready. I hate to wait.
c. He is visiting someone.
a. At 5.00.
b. At 2.00.
c. At 3.00.
b. A lot of clothes.
c. A large backpack.
a. He vomited.
b. A flight attendant vomited.
c. Anthony vomited.
I. Andrew, Vanessa, and David are talking about their cities. Select the
statements they mention. It can be more than one. / Andrew, Vanessa, y
David están hablando de sus ciudades. Escoja los enunciados que
mencionan. Pueden ser más de uno.
Andrew
I live in Florida City. It is an excellent place to have
fun. If you like good bread, you will enjoy what our
local bakers can do. I don’t have to worry about the
weather. It is usually warm and sunny. Visitors love
our parks and restaurants.
Vanessa
I live in Chicago. If you like fashion, this is your
place. You can get almost anything you want for a
very low price at our great boutiques. I don’t usually
eat out because the restaurants charge a lot of
money. I love our transportation system. It is not
hard to understand how it works.
David
I live in Berkeley. It is a very cultural city. I think it is
the city with the most book stores in America.
Visitors always feel welcomed because our
community is very open and friendly. If you go to a
coffee shop alone, local people invite you to their
tables.
Andrew:
David:
Note: This practice must be completed using the multimedia version of the
study material. There you will find the corresponding sound files. / Nota: esta
práctica debe ser completada usando la versión multimedia del material de
estudio. Allí encontrará los archivos de audio correspondientes.
A. Listen to the following words. Click on the odd word. / Escuche las
siguientes palabras. Seleccione la que no pertenece al grupo.
Now, classify the words on the list according to their stress pattern. / Ahora,
clasifique las palabras en la lista de acuerdo con su patrón acentual.
Layover
Passport
Cleaners
Installments
Child-care center
Clothing store
Buyer
Computer store
Donut shop
Grocery store
Book store
Convenience store
Coffee shop
Helicopter
Departure lounge
Time zone
Boarding pass
Concert hall
Bargain