Ulcerative Lesion Act as a seal that prevents further loss of blood, Threatened Abortion oxygen and nutrients from the wound site Active Bleeding Tendencies Factors present in the clot promotes wound healing Recent Brain Surgery by signaling phagocytes to carry OFF waste products and dead cells that accumulate at the site of injury HEPARIN
Inhibits the function of the performed clotting
PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) Clotting Factors factors Responsible for initiating coagulation Inhibits thrombin activity so that fibrin cannot be (normal blood clot formation) formed WHAT HAPPENS DURING INJURY? Inhibits thromboplastin activity so that more thrombin cannot be generated First Stage Interferes with platelet aggregation 1. Platelets migrate to damage area Route of Administration 2. Platelets stick to each other (aggregation) or platelets adhere to the vessel wall (adhesion) Cannot be given orally because it destroyed by 3. Platelets form a plug around the injured tissue gastric acid Administered IV and SubQ Second Stage IM should be avoided because painful hematomas 1. Clotting factors reach the platelet plug and interacts may occur with each other to form a stable blood clot Rapid onset of action, within 5mins With 2-4hrs duration of action COAGULATION AND CLOT RESOLUTION PROCESS Metabolized in the liver and Excreted unchanged Stage 1 into the uterine
“Thromboplastin substance is produced and once Side Effects
produced clotting proceeds automatically” Hemorrhage Stage 2 At high level causes bleeding in the mucous membrane (petechiae) and open wounds “Thromboplastin converts prothrombin to Other side effects observed: hypersensitivity, thrombin” alopecia, osteoporosis, thrombocytopenia Stage 3 Protamine sulfate Specific antidote in heparin toxicity “Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin (primary Binds to heparin molecules and inhibits the element of a blood clot)” anticoagulant action of heparin Stage 4 COUMARIN DERIVATIVES “Fibrinolysis acts upon the FIBRIN element to ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS produce a more stable product” Eg DICUMAROL and WARFARIN SODIUM “Body’s ability to dissolve clot once their function Slow onset of action at 12-72hrs has ended” With duration of action of 2-10 days Side effect is hemorrhage HEPARIN AND COUMARIN DERIVATIVES Other side effect : hematuria, bleeding of gums, Most frequent used ANTICOAGULANTS petechiae Prevents venous thrombosis, MI, Antidote: 2.5 – 25 mg of vitamin K1(phytonadine) Thrombophlebitis(inflammation of the wall of the parenterally IM SC but not IV because severe veins), prevents stroke, and also used for clot anaphylactic type of reaction can occur. suppression prior to blood transfusion and open GOODLUCK AND GODBLESS!! heart surgery LABAN DMD