See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/224175627

Design and analysis of five element microstrip log-periodic antenna

Conference Paper · September 2010

DOI: 10.1109/AEM2C.2010.5578789 · Source: IEEE Xplore

CITATIONS READS
8 1,116

2 authors:

Deepak Sharma Ravi Kumar

Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology
10 PUBLICATIONS   37 CITATIONS    22 PUBLICATIONS   33 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Ravi Kumar on 05 June 2014.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Design and Analysis of Five Element Microstrip Log-Periodic Antenna

Deepak Sharma*, Ravi Kumar, member IEEE

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna (M.P.) 473226, INDIA
E-mail:- deepakforu23@rediffmail.com , ravi.kumar6@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the design of the log periodically scaled microstrip patch
antenna. The novelty of this antenna structure is a combination of a number of
patch elements to create a log periodic array with modest bandwidth. The
radiating element is a square patch antenna. The input impedance of the patch is
adjusted to the probe feed and matched at 50-ohm impedance.

Keywords: Microstrip Patch, Log-peruiodic

INTRODUCTION

Microstrip antenna has gain popularity of their small size and light weight
however a limitation of microstrip antenna is the narrow bandwidth of the basic
element. The bandwidth of basic patch element is usually 1-3%. The bandwidth of
antenna is defined [1] as the range of frequencies over which the performance of
the antenna with respect to some characteristics confirms to a specified standard.
The bandwidth of the antenna depends on patch shape, resonant frequency,
dielectric constant and the thickness of the substrate.

The bandwidth of an antenna can be increased by reducing the substrate

permittivity (εr) or increasing its thickness (h) [2]. However there are some
problems associated with increasing the substrate thickness. Here most of the
work done for bandwidth enhancement and multiband characteristic.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION

The design principle for log-periodic antenna requires scaling of dimensions for
period to period so that performance is periodic with the logarithm of frequency.
This principle can be applied to an array of patch antennas [3]. The patch length
(L), the width (W) and inset (I) are related to the scale factor (τ).

Ln +1 Wn +1 I n +1
τ= = = (1.1)
Ln Wn In

If we multiply all the dimensions of the array by τ it scales into itself with element
n becoming element n+1, element n+1 becomes n+2 and so on. The self scaling

978-1-4244-6418-0/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE 210

property implies that the array will have the same radiating properties at all
frequencies that are related by a factor of τ. The various relations for square patch
antenna [4-7] is,

c
fr = (1.2)
2 ( L + 2ΔL ) ε eff

Where, c is the velocity of light.

⎡W ⎤
(ε + 0.3) ⎢ + 0.264 ⎥
eff
⎣h ⎦
ΔL = 0.412h (1.3)
⎡W ⎤
(ε eff − 0.3) ⎢⎣ h + 0.8⎥⎦
⎡ ⎤
⎢ ε +1 ⎥
(
ε eff = ⎢ r
) + ( ε r − 1) 1 ⎥ (1.4)
⎢ 2 2 ⎛ h⎞ ⎥
1/ 2

⎢ ⎜1 + 12 ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ W⎠ ⎦

For microstrip antenna the choice of the width patch radiator is very important.
Small values of (W) result in low antenna efficiencies. The optimum value of W
is given by

−1/ 2
λ0 ⎛ ε r + 1 ⎞
W= ⎜ ⎟ (1.5)
2⎝ 2 ⎠

Calculation of design parameter for square patch microstrip log-periodic antenna

is shown in table 1. the substrate used with dielectric constant of 4.7 and height of
1.6mm. the scaling factor τ = 1.05 The loss tangent of material is .0001. The
feeding of an antenna is probe type of 0.18mm radius. The design consideration
of proposed geometry (in Fig.1) is shown in table-1.

Table-1
W=L Lm dm
(in mm) (in mm) (in mm)
28.97 16.02 22.50
30.418 16.82 23.62
31.938 17.66 24.80
33.53 18.54 26.04
35.21 19.472 27.348

211
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The design of five element microstrip log-periodic antenna as shown in Fig.1 is

simulated on a method of moment based commercial software IE3D [8]. The
Fig.2 shows the graph between VSWR and Frequency. The antenna bandwidth
for five elements is 11% from the center frequency at 11.2GHz. The center
frequency is defined here as (fH + fL)/2 where fH and fL are the higher and lower
3dB frequencies. Fig.3 shows the graph between Directivity Vs Frequency in
which the directivity of an antenna is reached up to 14dBi with respect to
isotropic radiator antenna. Fig.5 shows the radiation pattern graph. Similarly the
Fig.4 shows the graph between Gain Vs Frequency in which the maximum gain of
an antenna is increased up to 10dBi.

CONCLUSION

The performance of five elements microstrip log-periodic antenna has been

simulated on commercial software IE3D [5]. In this type of antenna the
bandwidth is increased relative to a single patch element. The higher bandwidth
may be obtained using more patch elements. The directivity of five-element
microstrip log-periodic antenna is reached up to 14dBi with respect to isotropic
radiator. Similarly the gain of an antenna is increased up to 10dBi.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Authors thankfully acknowledge the all authorities of Jaypee University

of Engineering & Technology, Guna (M.P.) - 473226 INDIA

REFERENCES

[1] Garg, R., P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Itlipiboon. 2001. Microstrip Antenna
Design Handbook Artech House Inc., Nonvood, USA
[2] Rahim, M.K.A.; Gardner, P. “The design of nine element quasi microstrip log
periodic antenna” RF and Microwave Conference, 2004. RFM 2004.
Proceedings 5-6 Oct. 2004 Page(s): 132- 135
[3] Balanis, C.A., 'Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design', Znd edition, John
Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1997
[4] Rahim, M.K.A.; Gardner, P., “Microstrip log periodic antenna using circuit
simulator”.; Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory, 2003. Proceedings 2003
6th International Symposium on 28 Oct.-1 Nov. 2003 Page(s): 202 – 205
[5] W.L. Stutzman and G.A. thiele, “Antenna Theory and Design, NewYork :
Wiley, 1981, section 6.5
[6] J.D. Kraus, ‘Antennas’, 1988, McGraw-Hill
[7] W.L. Stutzman and G.A. thiele, “Antenna Theory and Design, NewYork :
Wiley, 1981, section 6.5
[8] IE3D Software Release 8.1 versions and developed by M/S Zeland Software
Inc.

212
Fig.1 Proposed Geometry of Microstrip LPA

Fig.2 Frequency Vs VSWR

Fig.3 Directivity Vs Frequency

213
 Fig. 4 Gain Vs Frequency

Fig. 5 Radiation Pattern

214
View publication stats