EARTH LIFE SCIENCE

Seatwork #1

Names& Class numbers:​Cherilyn Marie B. Geronimo #15 ​Date:​4/23/19

Section: ​11-HU04 ​ Teacher:​ Ms. Heather Belino

QUESTIONS:

1. Compare and contrast the respiratory system in different animals

mentioned in the video.

The mammals, pulmonary ventilation occurs in inhalation. ​In inhalation, air

enters the body through the nasal cavity located just inside the nose. As air passes
through the nasal cavity, the air is warmed to body temperature and humidified. The
respiratory tract is coated with mucus to seal the tissues from direct contact with air.

2. . Explain what happens to the respiratory organs in the process of

inhalation and exhalation.

-​When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves
downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs
expand. The intercostal muscles between your ribs also help enlarge the chest
cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you
inhale.

3. After a heavy rain, earthworms come to the surface. How would you
explain the behavior in terms of earthworm's requirement for gas
exchange?

-After a heavy rain hits the ground it create vibrations on the soil surface. The
causes to earthworms to come out of their burrows to the surface.

4. The walls of the alveoli contain elastic fibers that allow the alveoli to
expand and contract with each breath. If alveoli lost their elasticity, how
might gas exchange be affect? Explain.

-​The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide actually takes places. The lungs also contain elastic
tissues that allow them to inflate and deflate w/out losing the shape and encased
by a thin lining called the pleura.
 5. How can you explain open circulatory system using grasshopper as an
example and closed circulatory system using fishes as an example.

Open circulatory system(grasshopper)

The open circulatory system is common to molluscs and arthropods. Open circulatory systems
(evolved in crustaceans, insects, mollusks and other invertebrates) pump blood into a hemocoel
with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a
heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.

Closed circulatory system(fish)

Vertebrates, and a few invertebrates, have a closed circulatory system. Closed circulatory
systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In
this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body
cavities.

6. Differentiate the three blood vessels in terms of their sizes, functions and
characteristics.

-The function is to transport the blood. The size of blood vessels is different for
each of them. It ranges from a diameter of about 25 millimeter for the aorta to
only 8 micrometers in the capillaries. The characteristics that helps to maintain
the pressure of blood moving through the system.

7. How can you distinguish an amphibian circulatory system to reptilian

circulatory system?

-​Amphibians have two circulatory routes: ​one for oxygenation of the blood
through the lungs and skin, and the other to take oxygen to the rest of the body.
The blood is pumped from a three-chambered heart with two atria and a single
ventricle.

8. How does oxygenated and deoxygenated blood circulates in the

mammalian body?

-​The blood that is returned to the right atrium is deoxygenated, then passed into
the right ventricle to be pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for
reoxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. The left atrium receives
newly-oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.