This full-text paper was peer-reviewed and accepted to be presented at the IEEE ICCSP 2015 conference.

A Miniaturized Rectangular Microstrip Patch

Antenna using SSRR for WLAN Applications

Abha R. Karade and P .L.Zade

microstrip patch antenna to achieve resonance in the WLAN

Abstract-This paper presents a simple rectangular microstrip
patch antenna that has a resonant frequency of 5.2 GHz (WLAN)
which is then miniaturized to the resonant frequency of 2.44 GHz
(WLAN).The size reduction is carried out by inserting a square
slot in the center of the rectangular patch and using Defected
Ground Structure (DGS).Finally, a Square Split Ring Resonator
(SSRR) is inserted in the slot to increase the gain, reflection
coefficient and for impedance matching.
Index Terms- Defected Ground
Metamaterial, Square Split Ring Resonator (SSRR), Wireless
Local Area Network (WLAN)
I. INTRODUCTION
band.
The square split ring resonator is basically equivalent to a
LC resonant circuit where the split in the inner ring is placed
opposite to that of the outer ring. The spiral rings act as
inductors where as the gaps produce a capacitive effect.
Metamaterial structures such as split ring resonators can be
used in many in terms of antenna characterization. For
example, metamaterial cover used on top of a conventional
Structure (DGS), microstrip antenna helps to enhance the directivity and gain of
the patch. When these are used as metamaterial substrates,
they help to change the relative permittivity and relative
permeability thus changing the refractive index resulting into
backward wave propogation [2]. Metamaterials can also be
used in Defected Ground Structures (DGS) which help in

A simple rectangular microstrip patch antenna is a light miniaturization of the microstrip antenna in terms of the size

weight, low cost, conformal antenna. But, while designing a [3]. Various researchers are working on the use of

microstrip patch, as the operating frequency decreases, size of metamaterials to design electrically small antenna [4]. Thus,

the patch antenna increases which is a major dis-advantage. there are various methods of using metamaterial structures. A

Hence, miniaturization techniques can be employed to reduce detailed analysis on the design, fabrication and testing of

the size of the antenna while simultaneously reducing the double negative metamaterials can be obtained in reference [5]

resonant frequency. written by R.W. Ziolkowski. Moreover, a lot of research is

An efficient way to reduce the resonant frequency is to use being carried out on designing antennas based on mu-negative

Defected Ground Structure (DGS). The various advantages of loading [6], [7].

DGS include Bandwidth improvement, surface wave The explanation related to this paper is carried out in four

suppression, cross polarization reduction, reduction in mutual different parts. The first part gives the basic introduction about

coupling and most importantly size reduction. the paper and its contents, the second part gives details about

Now-a-days, wireless applications require antennas that have all the dimensions related to the structure, the third part shows

large bandwidth, appreciable gain, proper impedance matching all the results obtained and part four concludes the paper.

etc. To achieve a proper trade-off between all the mentioned

features, metamaterial structures such as split ring resonators II. ANTENNA DESIGN
can also be used, to improve various antenna parameters. The A simple rectangular microstrip patch antenna based on the
electrodynamics of these metamaterial structures was first Transmission line model is designed with a resonant frequency
explained by Veselago [1]. This paper focuses on the use of a of 5.2 GHz using FR4_epoxy substrate having a dielectric
planar metamaterial structure loaded on a rectangular constant of 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02. The High Frequency
Simulation Software (v.I3.0) is used to analyze the structure.
The dimensions (Lp x Wp) of the rectangular patch are 13.2
rum x 17.6 rum . The thickness of the substrate is taken as 1.6
rum . Width of the feedline (Feed_w) is taken as 1.8 rum . A
square slot of dimension (Length x Width) 10.5 rum x 10.5
rum is inserted at the center of the patch which produces a
F. A. Abha R. Karade is the Master of Technology student from resonance at 4.2 GHz. To reduce the resonant frequency to
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department, YCCE,
2.44GHz an 'I-shaped' Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is
Nagpur, India. (e-mail: aabha_18@yahoo.com. phone: 0-8956623430).
Dr. P. L. Zade is the Head and Professor of Electronics and introduced at the bottom. The length of the outer SSRR (Ls )
Telecommunication Engineering Department, YCCE, Nagpur, India. (e-mail:
zadepl@yahoo.com).

978-1-4799-8081-9/15/$31.00 © 2015 IEEE

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 This full-text paper was peer-reviewed and accepted to be presented at the IEEE ICCSP 2015 conference.

is 9 .5 rum. The gap (g), width (w) and spacing (s) between the III. RESULTS
SSRR is 0.5 rum.
Fig. 1 shows the proposed antenna structure.
The DGS related dimensions are as follows: V= 10 rum,
V'= 1.5 rum and H= 4 rum. W

Design procedure for the rectangular microstrip patch[8]:­

Step-I: Calculation of width
Wp
Width of the patch is = 17.6 rum

��

.l�
Lp Slot u
L

c = free space velocity of light

E
I
r = Dielectric constant of substrate

Feed_L
Step 2: Calculation of Effective dielectric constant

[ -If?
The effective dielectric constant as a result of fringing = 3.875 r--

J
E +1 E -1 h - w

1. E =_r_+_r_ 1+ 12-
eff
2 2 Iv
w

Step 3: Calculation of the Effective length

;----!!-- V

The effective length = 11.53rum

= c

eff 2fO �E
L
L

eff
Step 4: Calculation for extension in length

The length extension = 11.53 rum

(wh + 0.2641)
( EejJ +0.3)
M=0.412h
b) Bottom ,iew

( EejJ -0.258) (: + 0.8) Fig. 1. Proposed Antenna Structure a) top view b) bottom view

Fig. 2 shows the Reflection coefficient of the simple

Step 5: Calculation of actual length of patch rectangular microstrip patch antenna at 5.2 GHz. The obtained
gain for the rectangular patch is 4.98 dB with radiation
The actual length obtained = 13.2 rum
efficiency of 70.7% and directivity of 4.45.

Step 6: Calculation for ground dimensions

L(g)=6h+L = 22.8 rum

W(g)=6h+W = 27.2 rum

Fig. 2. Reflection Coefficient of the simple rectangular microstrip patch

antenna.

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 This full-text paper was peer-reviewed and accepted to be presented at the IEEE ICCSP 2015 conference.

Fig. 3 shows the Reflection coefficient obtained of the

unloaded rectangular microstrip patch antenna after inserting
the square slot and DGS.
XY Plot 1 HFSSo%ign1 �,

t
Fig. 5. Total Gain ofthe antenna

�1500 TABLE I
�
COMPARISTON TABLE FOR UNLOADED VERSUS METAMATERrAL
LOADED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
-20.00 + + - - + + - +- +- + + + -
Antenna
Antenna parameter with
Sr. no. Parameters parameter
SSRR
without SSRR
Reflection
I. Coefficient at -25.01 dB -28.6775 dB
,�
2.44 Ghz
Freq[GHz]
2. Gain 1.423 dB 1.5268 dB
3. Impedance 54.36 ohm 52.45 ohm
Fig. 3. Reflection Coefficient of the unloaded microstrip patch antenna with Radiation
DGS. 4. 84.29 83.75
Efficiency
Front to back
To increase the gain, reflection coefficient and to match the 5. I.I48 2.3953
ratio
port impedance a SSRR is loaded between the square slot.
Fig. 4 shows the reflection coefficient of the SSRR loaded IV. CONCLUSION
microstrip patch antenna. Fig. 5 gives the gain associated with
A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed at the
the complete structure. Table 1 shows the effect of adding
working frequency of 5.2 GHz which is then miniaturized to
square split ring resonators, comparison of the various antenna
the operating frequency of 2.44 GHz using a square slot and an
parameters obtained with and without the square split ring
I-shaped DGS. A size reduction of 21.38 % is achieved. The
resonators.
metamaterial structure gives increased reflection coefficient,
XY Plott gain and a impedance of 52.45 ohms at 2.44 GHz. The
Bandwidth obtained is 103.6 MHz which covers the complete
2.4 Ghz band.
-5.00

REFERENCES
·10,00
[I] V. G. Veselago, 'The electrodynamics of substances with
"
0

�15,OO simultaneously negative values of t: and Jl, Soviet Physics Uspekhi, vol.
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·20,00 [2] B.-I. Wu, W. Wang, 1. Pacheco, X. Chen, T. Grzegorczyk and 1. A.
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gain", in Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PJER 51, 295-328,
·25.00
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FreqGHz] Metamaterial Approach", in
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metamaterials," iEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation," vol.

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Small Patch Antenna Loaded with Metamaterial," JETE Journal oj
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It is observed that by simply varying 'V' and 'H' in the "Metamaterial Embedded Wearable Rectangular Microstrip Patch
DGS structure, various resonant frequencies can be obtained Antenna" in international Journal oj Antennas and Propagation,
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 974315,9 pages.
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[8] Balanis, Constantine, "Antenna theory - Analysis and Design", John
observed while carrying out the parametric analysis.
Wiley & Sons Ltd, Reprinted 1997.

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