Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 18

(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,

Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

Adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in


Agriculture and Smart Farming towards Urban
Greening: A Review
A. A. Raneesha Madushanki1, Malka N Halgamuge2, W. A. H. Surangi Wirasagoda3, Ali Syed4
School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Melbourne, Australia1, 3, 4
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne2

Abstract—It is essential to increase the productivity of


agricultural and farming processes to improve yields and cost-
effectiveness with new technology such as the Internet of Things
(IoT). In particular, IoT can make agricultural and farming
industry processes more efficient by reducing human
intervention through automation. In this study, the aim to
analyze recently developed IoT applications in the agriculture
and farming industries to provide an overview of sensor data
collections, technologies, and sub-verticals such as water
management and crop management. In this review, data is
extracted from 60 peer-reviewed scientific publications (2016-
2018) with a focus on IoT sub-verticals and sensor data collection
for measurements to make accurate decisions. Our results from
the reported studies show water management is the highest sub-
vertical (28.08%) followed by crop management (14.60%) then
smart farming (10.11%). From the data collection, livestock
management and irrigation management resulted in the same
percentage (5.61%). In regard to sensor data collection, the
highest result was for the measurement of environmental Graphical Abstract.
temperature (24.87%) and environmental humidity (19.79%).
There are also some other sensor data regarding soil moisture I. INTRODUCTION
(15.73%) and soil pH (7.61%). Research indicates that of the
technologies used in IoT application development, Wi-Fi is the IoT is a combination of worldwide data, web associated
most frequently used (30.27%) followed by mobile technology items or things, and is an integral component of the future
(21.10%). As per our review of the research, we can conclude Internet. IoT focuses on the automation of processes by
that the agricultural sector (76.1%) is researched considerably lessening human interaction. In the process of automation, IoT
more than compared to the farming sector (23.8%). This study collects data using sensors and processes the data using
should be used as a reference for members of the agricultural controllers and completing the automation processes by using
industry to improve and develop the use of IoT to enhance actuators [1], [2]. IoT in agriculture and farming focus is on
agricultural production efficiencies. This study also provides automating all the aspects of farming and agricultural methods
recommendations for future research to include IoT systems' to make the process more efficient and effective. Traditional
scalability, heterogeneity aspects, IoT system architecture, data approaches in livestock management (such as cattle detection)
analysis methods, size or scale of the observed land or are not fully automated and have many inefficiencies such as
agricultural domain, IoT security and threat solutions/protocols, higher human interaction, labour cost, power consumption,
operational technology, data storage, cloud platform, and power and water consumption [1], [3], [4], [5], [6]. The central
supplies.
concept of this review is to analyse the IoT sub-verticals,
Keywords—Internet of Things; IoT; agricultural; smart
collected data for measurements and used technologies to
farming; business; sensor data; automation develop applications. It is essential to identify the most
researched sub-verticals, data collections and technologies to
create new IoT applications in the future.

11 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

This review provides an overall picture of currently Fertilizer also plays a very significant role in the field of
developed IoT applications in agriculture and farming agriculture by helping to increase the productivity of plants
between 2016 and 2018. [36]. By using IoT, farmers can manage soil condition more
effectively and at less expense by monitoring them from any
As a solution to the existing problems, researchers have location [37]. The primary objective of this study is how IoT
focused on smart agricultural and farming automated systems and technologies are used in conserving water, fertiliser and
with the help of IoT [7], [8], [9], [10]. IoT is the network of energy in the agricultural industry by combining new
things which identifies elements clearly with the help of technologies. This has benefits for the development of the
software intelligence, sensors and ubiquitous connectivity to economy of countries as well as the wealth of the people [38].
the Internet. In IoT, the data that collects from Internet- With the combination of both advanced technologies in
connected items or things contains with gadgets, sensors and hardware and software, IoT can track and count all relevant
actuators [1]. Many researchers have focused on smart aspects of production which can reduce the waste, loss and
systems for monitoring and controlling agricultural parameters cost [39]. The information needed to make smart decisions can
by enhancing productivity and efficiency. Smart systems be obtained merely by using electronic devices [40]. IoT
collect data for measurements to get accurate results that can transforms the agricultural industry and enables farmers to
lead to appropriate actions. Current use of smart agricultural overcome different challenges. Innovative applications can
systems relates to collecting data on environmental parameters address these issues and therefore increase the quality,
such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture and pH [11], quantity, sustainability and cost-effectiveness of crop
[12], [13]. With accurate sensor data collection using a range production [41], [42], [43]. IoT provides more benefits to the
of different sensors, researchers have implemented smart farming industry by improving the health of animals through
agricultural systems to make the farm process more effective better food and environment, addressing the labour shortage
[9], [14]. Research has mainly focused on sub-verticals such issue as well cost savings through automation, increase in milk
as water management, crop management and smart farming to production, and increase in some animals during the breeding
make processes automated by reducing human intervention,
period through detection of estrus cycle and additional
costs, power consumption and water consumption. revenue streams from waste.
The automation process of agricultural and farming Our study has analyzed recently developed IoT
reduced human interaction and improve the efficiency. The applications in the fields of agriculture and farming to address
reason for that is every country population depends on current issues such as unnecessary human interaction leading
agriculture thus consumers of these resources should use water to higher labour cost, unnecessary water consumption and
and land resources optimally [19], [20]. Moreover, it is water-saving measures for the future, higher energy
imperative to have good quality production and crop consumption, energy-saving measures for the future and crop
management in order to maximize profitability. Hence, IoT monitoring difficulties. According to our analysis, we can
base agricultural management systems are integral for an identify a focus on water and crop management as sub-
agriculturally based country. The new systems developed verticals in the agriculture and farming sectors. This survey
using IoT technologies have reduced the drawbacks associated also focusses on other agriculture and farming sub-verticals to
with traditional approaches and provided many advantages to identify the gap between IoT application developments in the
farmers. For example, IoT-based water management systems least researched areas. The IoT generates enormous data, so-
collect environmental attributes such as temperature, water called big data (high volume, at a different speed and different
level and humidity through the sensors and provide accurate varieties of data) in varying data quality. Analysing the IoT
irrigation timing [19], [21]. In addition, crop management system and its key attributes are the key to advancing smart
systems developed using IoT monitor the temperature, IoT utilization. Therefore, the primary aim of our paper is to
humidity and soil through sensors thus providing adequate explore recently created IoT applications in the agriculture and
information so that farmers can manage the crops farming industry to give the more profound understanding
appropriately [25]. Overall, these IoT-based systems help to about sensor data collection, used technologies, and sub-
reduce human interaction, power utilization and reduce cost in verticals, for example, water and crop management. The
the field of agriculture. Moreover, IoT-based agricultural secondary aim of this study is to analyse the current issues
related applications have been used in the area of pest control, such as higher human interaction, high labour cost, higher
weather monitoring, nutrient management and greenhouse water consumption and save water for future, higher energy
management. consumption and save energy/electricity for future, crop
IoT for agriculture uses sensors to collect big data on the monitoring difficulties in IoT for agriculture and farming.
agricultural environment. It discovers, analyses and deals with The remainder of this paper is as follows: In Section II we
models built upon big data to make the development of include raw data collection methodology, data inclusion
agriculture more sustainable [34]. IoT can provide efficient
criteria, and data analysis methods. Finally, the results of
and low-cost solutions to the collection of data. Weather, Agriculture and Farming based on IoT Sub verticals, Sensor
Water Scarcity, Soil fertility and Pesticides are the significant Data, and Technologies are presented in Section III, and in
players in it. IoT will make agriculture beneficiary. Section IV we discuss the results. Section V concludes the
Agriculture and farming depend on water [35]. Farmers paper. The raw data collected from 60 peer-reviewed
depend on rainfall for all their agricultural needs. publications used in this paper are summarised in Table I.

12 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS III. RESULTS


Data collection involves identifying important criteria in This review aims to analyse the incorporation of IoT for
research articles on the Internet of Things (IoT) in the the development of applications in the agriculture and farming
agriculture and farming sectors. sectors. The study focuses on sub-verticals and collecting data
for measurements and technologies in the field of agriculture
As shown in Table I, these essential criteria were used to and farming to increase productivity and efficiency with the
analyse relevant research papers. In particular, 60 peer- help of the Internet of Things (IoT). This study of IoT in
reviewed scientific publications on IoT in the agriculture and agriculture and farming focuses on developing a criterion
farming sectors published in scientific journals between 2016 approach with the help of agricultural environmental
and 2018 were used. parameters and IoT measures and technologies. In the field of
1) Collection of raw data: The data gathered for this agriculture, there are many environmental parameters that
review is from 60 peer-reviewed publications (2016-2018) need to be considered to enhance crops, reduce water
that were collected from the IEEE database. All these consumption and human involvement [44]. Moreover, there
are many sub-verticals that can be identified depending on the
publications have different data applications that have been
differences in approach.
studied and analyzed in this survey. The attributes compared
were sub-verticals, data collection measurements, used In this review, we have gathered articles which have
technologies, challenges in current approach, benefits, focused on agricultural and farming sub-verticals from 2016 to
countries and drivers of IoT. 2018. As shown in Fig. 1, 23 sub-verticals were found
2) Data inclusion criteria: To evaluate the data inclusion according to the results obtained and the topmost area was
water management (28.08%).
criteria a comparison table was drawn to include as the
following attributes: Author, Sub vertical, Data collection As IoT depends on sensor data collections, a vast amount
measurements, Technologies, Benefits, Challenges, Solutions of data needs to be gathered to identify or predict accurate
and Drivers of IoT. Nevertheless, in our study, articles were results. This study indicates that many researchers have
excluded when the selected attributes were not present. In our focused on environmental temperature (24.87%), humidity
(19.79%) and soil moisture (15.73%) as environmental
analysis, the number of sensors, amount of data collected,
measurements. As shown in Fig. 2, 28 types of data were
underlying technologies, sensor topology and other collected for measurements with environmental temperature
intermediate gateways were not included since no information and humidity being considered the most critical parameters for
can find with all the peer-reviewed publications (2016-2018). agriculture and farming.
3) Data analysis: We pooled and analyzed the reported
studies based on data collected through peer reviewed articles As shown in Fig. 3, we have categorised all technologies
used in the articles. This study has identified Wi-Fi as the
and displaying emerging themes in a table. The data sets
most used technology (30.27%) followed by Mobile
included attributes such as Sub vertical, Data collection Technology (21.10%) for both agriculture and farming.
measurements, Technologies, Benefits, Challenges, Solutions, ZigBee, another data transfer technology, is also used but to a
Countries focused on automation of the agriculture proses and lesser extent.
Drivers of IoT. The descriptive details of the study based on
the publication year were analyzed to observe the results from According to Fig. 4, the use of IoT was more prominent in
the agriculture industry than the farming industry (Agriculture
2016 to 2018. – 76.1%, Farming – 23.8%).

30
25
Percentage %

20
15
10
5
0

IoT Sub verticals


Fig. 1. Agriculture and Farming Sub Verticals: different Agricultural and Farming Sub Verticals Considered to Enhance Efficiency and Productivity–Pooling

13 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

Data from the 60 Scientific Peer-Reviewed Publications Published in 2016-2018.


30

25
Percentage %

20

15

10

Sensor Data

Fig. 2. Utilization of Sensor Data based on Farming Activities Referred to in the Data Pool of 60 Peer Reviewed Published Articles.
35%
30%
Precentage %

25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
ZigBee

Bluetooth

RFID
GPRS

LAN
Wi-fi

Raspberry pi

LoRa

Low Power Wide Area

Radio Communication
Mobile Technology

Wireless Sensor

Network (LPWAN)
Network

Technologies

Fig. 3. Overview of different Technologies Referred to in the Data Pool of 60 Peer Reviewed Published Articles and Frequency of Mentions Shown in Order of
High Frequency to Low.

80
70
60
Percentage %

50
40
30
20
10
0
Agriculture Farming

IoT Vertical

Fig. 4. Overview of Comparing the usage of Internet of Things in two Verticals as Agriculture and Farming in 60 Peer-Reviewed Research Articles to
understand which is mostly used Internet of Things from Year 2016-2018.

14 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

TABLE I. IOT IN AGRICULTURE AND FARMING CRITERION-APPROACH-DATA EXTRACTED FROM 60 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES IN 2016-2018

Benefits of Challenges in
N Year/Autho IoT Sub Measures (Data Technologie Solution for Drivers of Applicatio
Proposed Current
o r Verticals collection) s Used Current Issues IoT n
System Approach

 Can detect
the
 Detect
temperature,
 Human temperature,  Can deploy
humidity
 Raspberry interaction humidity, it in any
 Environmental and
Venkate pi  Labour cost moisture using type of
 Water temperature moisture.
et al  Wi-Fi.  Wastage of sensors. environmen  Agricultu
1 Managem  Humidity  Continuous
(2017)  RFID water  Maximize the t for, re
ent  Soil monitoring
[1]  Bluetooth  Crop from yield of crop  monitoring
 moisture all the
 Zigbee abnormal by monitoring  flexibility
places
irrigation. agricultural  robust
including
parameters.
critical
areas.

 Irrigation
process is
completely
controlled
by
 Predict and
computer-
tackle
based
drought
systems.
 Pest  Only works  Low cost situations
 System
controllin  Soil moisture based on  Efficient to prevent
Athira et al analyses the
g  Temperature  ZigBee the commands growth of to loss of  Agricultu
2 (2017) weather
 Weather  Water level from user crops crops. re
[2] reports.
monitorin  Faster growth  Keep
 Keep pest
g of plants. monitoring
away from
climate
the crops.
conditions.
 Help to
faster the
growth of
plants.
 Power
efficient.

 Minimize the
 To identify the cost of
appropriate deployment
time and in the and  Users can
right amount maintenance. remotely
 Can utilize
Zhao et al  Water  LoRa of water.  More efficient. access
the water  Agricultu
3 (2017) Managem  Water level technology  High power  Cover wider irrigation
usage. re
[3] ent consumption. area than system and
 High cost. ZigBee and check the
 Low coverage Wi-Fi. status.
of ZigBee and  Energy
Wi-Fi. consumption is
low.

 Lessen the
human  Higher the
intercession.  Save water for revenue by
 Flood
 Lessen the the future. faster the
Sagar S et al  Mobile avoidance.
 Flood  Water level probability  Save growth of  Agricultu
4 (2017) technology  Power cutoff is
Avoidance  Soil moisture of the flood electricity for crops. re
[4] being reduced.
occurrences. the future.  Ensure the
 Faster the durability
growth of of the soil.
the crops.

15 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

 Lessen the
 Wireless
 Water level. human  The water
sensor
 Soil interaction.  High water consumption is  Reduced
Saraf et al  Water network.
 Moisture.  Efficiently consumption. reduced. water  Agricultu
5 (2017) Managem  ZigBee.
 Environment managed the  Human  Lessen the consumptio re
[5] ent  Mobile
temperature. irrigation interaction. human n.
technology
 Humidity water interaction.
.
system.

 Captured
moisture
 No attention to
values
water  Water
stored in
management. requirements
 Wi-Fi  Broader the cloud.
 No economic monitored.
 Soil Moisture  Mobile coverage.  Compare
Upadhyaya et  Water feasibility.  Immediate
 Water technology  Notify user captured  Agricultu
6 al (2017) Managem  Complicated notification
requirements when any values with re
[6] ent data for sends to
change predefined
understanding. farmer.
happens. moisture
 Data display is  User friendly
values.
not user data collection.
 Used solar
friendly.
powered
battery.
 Monitor
plants
through
 Raspberry
Udhayakuma  Soil moisture smart  Overhead  Analyze
 Water pi  Watering crop
r S et al  Environment mobile. sprinklers. moisture  Agricultu
7 Managem  Mobile without human
(2017) temperature.  Efficient  Wastage of level of re
ent technology interaction.
[7]  Humidity water water. ground.
supply
management
.
 Higher the  Farmers can
crop.  Hard to water know field
 Efficient to crop equally status even
 Soil moisture water due to unequal they are at  Automatic
Kumar et al  Water  Mobile
 Environment supply. rain water home. plan  Agricultu
8 (2017) Managem technology
temperature.  Reduced distribution.  Efficient water watering re
[8] ent 
 Humidity cost.  Amount of management. system.
 Resource water not  Provide real
optimization defined. time
. information.
 Can monitor
whether
conditions.
 Cost  Whether
 Environment  Raspberry  Low or high
 Nutrient effective conditions  Can
Mathew et al temperature. pi watering.
Managem  Automatical detected. enhance the  Agricultu
9 (2017)  Humidity  Mobile  Lack of
ent ly  Enhanced the fertilizer re
[9]  Nitrogen level technology nutrition
monitored fertilizer amount.
 Prosperous level  Wi-Fi management.
disease amount.
associated
with rice
species.

 Temperature  Cost
 Higher water
 Moisture level effective.
consumption.  Reduced water  Automated
Suhas et al  Water  Humidity  Bluetooth  High
 High power consumption. water  Agricultu
10 (2017) Managem  Light Intensity  Wi-Fi efficient
utilization.  Better power supply re
[10] ent  Nitrogen, water
 Lack of useful utilization. system.
 Phosphorus management
inference.
 Potassium .

16 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

 Reveals the
positive
comparison
 Efficient  Managed water results
Wicha et al  Water
 Soil level  Wi-Fi water  High water system from the  Agricultu
11 (2017) Managem
 Temperature management consumption. effective adaptive re
[11] ent
. manner. Wetting
Front
Detector
(WFD).

 Due to
 Increase the
improper
crop
maintenance,  Enhance the  Interfacing
production.
Rajakumar et  Mobile the crop crop. different
 Crop  Soil level  Can get  Agricultu
12 al (2017) technology becomes  Control the soil
production  Soil nutrient current re
[12] damaged agricultural nutrient
fertilizer
which causes a product costs. sensors.
requirement
huge loss for a
s.
farmer.
 Temperature
 Humidity  Poor risk
 Seed
 Soil  Enhanced management.
recognition
 Crop  moisture crop  Poor water
 Raspberry system
Productio  Leaf wetness production. management.  Enhanced
Sachapara et pi helps to
n  Wind  Enhanced  Poor crops yield by  Agricultu
13 al (2017)  Mobile know
 Water speed/direction quality. infrastructure. proper water re
[13] technology sustainable
Managem  Rainfall  Reduced  Poor crops management.
environmen
ent detection costs. yield and big
tal
 Soil ph. loss for
conditions.
 Seed farmers.
recognition.

 Crop
productivity
 Temperature increased.
 Humidity  Improve the  Reduced
 Weather  Wastage of
 Soil crop wastage of  Use of
Pooja S et al Monitorin  Raspberry- crops.
 Moisture traceability. crops. decision  Agricultu
14 (2017) g Pi  Poor water
 Light intensity  Increase  Reduced water making re
[14]  Precision  Wi-Fi system
overall use. algorithm.
Farming management.
yield.  Minimal
maintenance
required.
 High accuracy

 Difficulties in
monitoring.
 Harvesting
 Soil moisture  Effective water  Reduced
 Improved related
 pH level management. costs
Kavitha et al  Crop  Mobile crop growth. problems.
 Temperature  Effective between  Agricultu
15 (2017) manageme technology  Efficient  Poor crop
 Humidity power central re
[15] nt watering growth.
 Light intensity management. server and
system.  Poor power
 Water level software.
management.
 Poor water
management.

 Wastage of  Update farmer


 Prevent water. with live  Excess
 Crop crops from  Human condition of water from
manageme  Temperature spoilage interaction. the field. the
Jawahar et al  Mobile
nt  Humidity during rain.  Hard to  Lessen human cultivation  Agricultu
16 (2017) technology
 Water  Soil moisture  Recycling monitor field interaction. field and re
[16]
Managem  Water level rain water in every time to  Notify recycled
ent an efficient avoid intrusion back to the
manner. intrusion detections with tank.
attacks. an alarm.

17 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

 Provide
advice for
farmers to
properly
grow and
treat the  Provide
crops. efficient
 Provide
 Provide suggestions
 Whether  High human farmer
 Soil moisture suggestions about when
manageme  Mobile interaction. friendly
Nibi K V et  Temperature to and how mush
nt technology  Hard to deal alerts and  Agricultu
17 al (2017)  pH level monitoring to irrigate.
 Crop  Wi-Fi with changing guidance re
[17] crops.  Provide
manageme whether with their
 Ex: adequate
nt parameters. local
Irrigation fertilizer
language.
timings information.
 Optimum
usage of
fertilizers.
 Provide
whether
information.
 Reduced
 Crop  Reduce the
 High energy energy
manageme consumptio
Tran et al  Temperature  ZigBee  Could consumption. consumption.
nt n of energy  Agricultu
18 (2017)  Humidity  Raspberry prevent soil  Soil and  Could react
 Nutrient  Increase re
[18] Pi erosion. nutrient changes in
Detection the number
depletion. environment
of sensors
and soil.
 Wireless
Sensor  Efficient  Climate  Monitoring  Smart
Muhammad  Water
 Water level Network water changes. water in water  Agricultu
19 et al (2017) Managem
 Soil Moisture  Radio management  Scarcity of watercourses. metering re
[19] ent
Communica . water. system.
tion
 Remote
controlled
processes to
perform
such tasks
as;
 Spraying
 Reduced cost.
 Crop  Weeding
 Temperature  Lessen human
manageme  Bird and
 Humidity  High cost interaction.  Smart
Viswanathan nt. animal
 Soil Moisture  Wi-Fi  Human  High warehouse  Agricultu
20 et al (2017)  Warehous scaring
 Rain fall interaction for reliability. manageme re
[20] e  Keeping
 Light intensity all activities.  Improved crop nt.
Managem vigilance
production.
ent.  Provide
smart
warehouse
management
.
 Theft
detection in
warehouse.
 Soli
environment:
 Water  Temperature
Managem  Humidity of soil  Low irrigation
ent  Soil CO2  High efficiency  Powerful
 Lessen labour
Dai et al  Agricultur  Soil pH irrigation  High labour servers to
 ZigBee cost.  Agricultu
21 (2017) al  Environmental: efficiency. cost handle
 Reduced water re
[21] Greenhous  Temperature  High  Low precision storage
wastage.
e  Humidity flexibility.  High water data.
Managem  Wind speed consumption.
ent  Air pressure
 Rainfall

 Agricultur
 Short distance
al  More  Automated
Yuan et al communicatio
Greenhous  Temperature flexible.  Lessen power greenhouse  Agricultu
22 (2017)  ZigBee n.
e  Humidity  Low power consumption. manageme re
[22]  High power
Managem consuming. nt.
consumption.
ent

18 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

 Low cost
irrigation  Lessen human  Autonomou
 Water  Device
 Irrigation evets control. interaction. s decision
Managem scalability is
Garcia et al as:  Autonomou  Efficient water making
ent  LoRa low.  Agricultu
23 (2017)  Flow level s decision management. without
 Energy  Wi-Fi  Device re
[23]  Pressure level making  Efficient human
Managem manageability
 Wind speed without power interactions
ent is low.
human management. .
interactions.

 Reduced  Reduces the


manual difficulty for
monitoring  Manual field identify the  Soli
 Soil
 Soil Measures: of the field. monitoring. right crop for manageme
Managem
Janani V et al  Soil pH  Wi-Fi  Obtained  Cost is high. the field. nt with the
ent  Agricultu
24 (2017)  Soil  Raspberry nature of  Difficult to  Increased attention of
 Nutrient re
[24] Temperature Pi soil. predict the agricultural nutrient,
Detection
 Soil Humidity  Can crop for the production fertilization
monitored field.  Reduced time .
from and money for
anywhere. farmers.
 Automated
 Provide
monitoring of
accurate
the crop.
changes in  Reduced  Notify
 Notify
Jyothi et al  Crop  Temperature the crop human power. agricultural
 Wi-Fi corrective  Agricultu
25 (2017) Managem  Humidity yield.  High cost. fields with
 GPRS actions to be re
[25] ent  Advance the  High power a MMS to
taken.
harvest of consumption. the farer.
 Low cost.
the crop.
 Consume less
Power.
 Estimates
water as per
requirements.
 Depending on
 Help to soli and crop,  Water
irrigate fertilizer supply can
 Water scarcity
 Soil moisture farms suggestions control by
Javale et al  Water  Mobile  Human
 Soli temperature efficiently. provided. mobile  Agricultu
26 (2017) Managem technology interaction is
 Soil pH  Lessen  Estimate the application re
[26] ent high.
 Soil water level human rainfall based with the
interaction. on whether less human
forecast. interaction.
 Manage water
level according
to the predicted
rainfall.
 Water
 Accurate
conservation.
measuremen
 Soil  High labour  Automated
ts of the
Quality  ZigBee cost. water  Multiple
 Temperature velocity of
Sathyadevan Managem  Wi-Fi  High management. sensor data
 Humidity the liquid  Agricultu
27 et al (2017) ent  Mobile electricity  Lessen labour collected
 Soil moisture flowing re
[27]  Water technology consumption. cost. into IoT
 Water level inside the
Managem  Overdependen  Lessen power framework.
pipe.
ent ce on the usage.
 Pump
chemical
monitoring.
fertilizers.
 Monitor
and control
plant
 Save water
 Decreased growth
 High chemical more
 Soil cost in parameters.
fertilizer use. efficiently.
manageme manufacturi  Replaces
Kulkarni et al  High energy  Increase the
nt  Soil moisture ng. the current  Agricultu
28 (2017)  Android consumption. crop yield.
 Water  Soil pH  Reduced system for re
[28]  Wi-Fi  High fertilizer  Save energy
Managem cost in soil
costs. costs.
ent maintenance moisture,
 Save fertilizer
. pH and
costs.
salinity
value
testing.
Mahalakshmi  Water  Temperature  Monitor  Water  Continuous  Reduced
 ZigBee  Agricultu
29 et al (2016) Managem  Humidity crop field. consumption field water
re
[29] ent  Soil Moisture  Automate is high. monitoring consumptio

19 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

 Crop  Light Intensity the  High human with the help n up to


Managem irrigation interaction. of low-cost great
ent system. sensors. extent.
 Reduces water
consumption.
 Reduced
power
consumption.
 Increased crop
productivity.
 Reduced
wastage of
crops.
 Detect
 With the
appropriate  Improved
enhanced
 Raspberry time for productivity.
sensor
Zaman et al  Water Pi water  Cannot predict  Low cost.
 Moisture level technology  Agricultu
30 (2016) Managem  Wi-Fi supply. the time for  Utilize water
 Light intensity will re
[30] ent  (Mobile  Keep track watering. resources.
become
Technology of water  Lessen human
more
level. interaction.
efficient.
 Helps for
decision
making
process  Crop
 Can monitor management
and control  Unequal by providing
 Water  Wireless the distribution of required  Decreases
Managem  Temperature Sensor temperature, rain water amount of in the cost
Biradar et al ent  humidity network humidity  Differentiation water. of sensors
 Agricultu
31 (2017)  Crop  Soil PH  Mobile and soil PH. of weather  Multidisciplina  Increasing
re
[31] manageme  Evapotranspirati technology  It can sense condition. ry monitoring difficulty
nt on  ZigBee the amount  Different soil leads to of big data
 RFID of the types improvement analysis
change of agricultural
through the management.
integration
process of
components.
 Reduce cost
 Farmers can
face the any  Climatic
environment change.  Decreases
al  Take long in the cost
challenges time to  Monitor and of sensors
 Soil  Soil moisture
Ismail et al easily. harvesting. control the soil and
moisture  Water content  Agricultu
32 (2017)  Reduce the  Burnings in moisture from actuators.
level  Temperature  Wi-Fi re
[32] harmful risk land the web server.  Recycling
monitor
percentage preparation. the
 Save money  Limitation of resources.
and water. space.
 Reduce pest
population.
 Increasing  Manual
the crop distribution of
 Machines productivity seeds.  Using remote
 Improve
for routine .  Pattern of two control vehicle
 ZigBee the green
operations  Soil moisture  Prevent crops year. keeps
Amandeepet  Mobile energy
 Ware  Temperature thefts.  Unscientific monitoring the
33 al (2017) technology concept for  Farming
house  Humidity  Prevent system of humidity, soil
[33]  Wi-fi better
manageme  Water level attacking cultivation. condition and
productivit
nt. from birds,  Unequal water level in
y
animals and watering the field.
other facts. system.

 low cost
sensors
 Improving
 open
 Precision  Temperature  Cost malt quality
 Unequal source
farming  humidity  Mobile reduction and efficiency
Dolci (2017) distribution of  application
34  Prescriptiv  Soil PH technology  Reduce the in production  Farming
[34] air flow. s
e farming  CO2 frequency with using
 ability to
Artificial
increase the
Intelligence
level of
farming

20 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

sophisticati
on

 Make
 Identifying
 Infrastructure
 Livestock the
 Unable to of cattle
manageme emergency
detect illnesses farming
nt conditions.  Improve
early. smarter.
 Smart  Mobile  Improves the smart
Gokul et al  Temperature  Different  implement a  Farming,
lightening technology location lightning
35 (2017)  humidity environmental noninvasive Agricultu
 Smart  Wi-Fi tracking. and
[35]  Milk production conditions  wearable to re
ventilation  Improves ventilation
 Irregular track
 Water cattle health system
feeding physiological
manageme  Improves
and biological
nt availability
activities of
cattle.
 Provides
real time
 Installing a
information
 Water  water meter
 Cost
 Irrigation shortage  Developing to estimate
Rajkumar et  Temperature  Mobile reduction
manageme  Different smart irrigation the amount  Agricultu
36 al (2017)  humidity technology  Resource
nt environmental system to of water. re
[36]  Soil Moisture  Wi-Fi optimization
conditions monitor at  Using
 Reduce
anywhere. Wireless
water
sensors.
logging and
shortage
 Improve
 by adding
 Wi-Fi 
several
 Crop  Soil  GPRS  Providing
  Unpredictable modern
manageme  Temperature  Zig Bee reliable and
Sri et al  Improve the weather techniques
37 nt  Humidity  Raspberry efficient  Agricultu
(2017) yield  Water scarcity like
.  Irrigation  Rain fall pi agricultural re
[37]  Low cost  Improper irrigation
manageme  Fertilizer  Mobile system to
water usage  Method,
nt efficiency technology monitor the
solar power
field
source
usage.
 Agro loan
 Inexpensiv
 Build a well- e
 Improve the
connected Agricultura
efficiency
farming l
Rajarsri et al  Water  Mobile  Optimize
38  Unequal water network and consultatio  Agricultu
(2017) manageme  Water level technology resource
. distribution create a n re
[38] nt  Maximize
knowledge  better ROI
the profit
sharing  Agro
platform. networking
 Low cost
products
 Symmetric
al
 plantation
 Can farm in
 Temperature  Differential of to check
less space
Ruengittinun  Humidity temperature  Build a smart the
39  Smart  Provides
et al (2017)  PH  Wi-Fi  Lack of time hydroponic eco accuracy of  Farming
. farming many
[39]  Electrical to manage and system the HFE
products
conductivity plant. across
multiple
 farms in the
same area.

21 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

 can
overcome
distance
 System for
 and place  Power  Build a system
studying
constraints. problem with using
 Smart the
 Yoon et al  Temperature  Bluetooth  save  Space Bluetooth and
farming developme  Farming,
40 (2018)  Humidity  Wi-Fi maintenance limitation LPWAN to
 Irrigation nt of Agricultu
.  CO2  LPWAN cost of  difficulties in solve the
 [40] manageme
  existing installing power problem
environmen re
nt tal
devices additional and space
 Algorithms
 provide devices limitation.
.
 compatibilit
y with new
devices
 Enrich the
productivity
 WSN  Developing a
 Plant health of food
 Zig Bee  water scarcity system to  Increasing
Ezhilazhahi  Smart  Soil Moisture grains.
 Wi-Fi  unpredictable monitor the number
41 et al (2017) Farming  Temperature  Prevent the  Farming
 Raspberry weather continuously of sensors.
[41]  Humidity plant from
pi conditions soil moisture
blight and
 GPRS of the plants.
harmful
 insects.
 Reduces the
wastage of  Using
 Raspberry pesticides  Bacterial multicolor
 Crop  Implementing
Tanmayee  Temperature pi  Reduces the diseases detection
manageme a rice crop  Agricultu
42 (2017)  Soil Moisture  Mobile human  unpredictable for detect
nt monitoring re
[42] technology effort weather the disease
System
 Increase conditions in any
agricultural stage.
productivity
 Implementing
 Improve
 Increase the a system to
 Machines  Soil Moisture the
Takecar et al income  Lack of look after the
for routine  Temperature component
43 (2017)  Wi-fi.  Cost Resource plantation  Farming
operations  Humidity s in the
[43] reduction Management without
PATRIOT
disturbing busy
system
schedule.
 Reducing
 lack of
labor costs
moisture in the
 Helps to  Using wireless
 Smart  Soil Moisture fields  Develop
 Raspberry  track the mobile robot
Krishna et al Farming  Light intensity  salinity the
pi changes performing
44 (2017)  livestock  Humidity  lack of capabilities  Farming
 Zig Bee accurately various
[44] manageme  Temperature application of of the
 Wi-Fi occurring operations of
nt  Soil pH fertilizers robot.
instantly in the field.
 Different
real time at
sowing time.
the field.
 Irrigation  low
 Reduce the  Implement
manageme  Zig Bee production  Green house
labour cost. a
Li et al nt  Humidity  Wi-Fi efficiency management to
 Improve the comprehen  Agricultu
45 (2017)  Greenhous  Temperature  Bluetooth  Waste of improve the
efficiency of sive re
[45] e  LAN  resources agricultural
agricultural promotion
manageme  Environmental production.
production. system.
nt pollution.
Allowing
 Improve the
system to
quality and  Climatic
measure
 Mobile safety of the change  Assist for crop
Suciu et al  Smart basic
 Temperature technology products  High management
46 (2016) Farming parameters  Farming
 GPRS  Detecting temperature by using smart
[46] for
plant  Low profit agriculture
irrigation
diseases, margin
manageme
flood. Etc.
nt.
 Developing
the sensor
 Improve the  Implement a
 Humidity and control
Putjaika et al  Intelligent production  Unpredictable system to
 Temperature system by
47 (2017) farming  Wi-Fi process weather monitor the  Farming
 Soil moisture adding
[47]  Managing harmful
 Light intensity more
resources diseases.
component
s.

22 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

 Reduce  Improve
 High  Monitoring the
 Humidity production the
Okayasu et al  Growth production plant growth
 Temperature cost accuracy of
48 (2017) measurem  Wi-Fi cost measurement  Farming
 Solar radiation  Improve the measureme
[48] ent  Less quality in using smart
 CO2 quality of nts.
products agriculture.
the products

 Detection of  generalize
 Irrigation seed, water event-
manageme level, pest, condition-
 Zig Bee  Environmental  Enhance the
nt.  Temperature animal action
Sreekantha et  Mobile changes productivity by
49  Greenhous  Soil moisture intrusion to  framework  Agricultu
al (2017) technology  High water using crop
e  Weather the field. for re
[49]  Wi-Fi consumption monitoring
manageme  Fertility of soil  Reduce cost programmi
system.
nt and time ng reactive
 Enhance sensor
productivity networks
 Providing
Rajendrakum  Water  Increase information to
 Mobile  Uncertain
ar et al manageme  Soil moisture harvest understand
technology monsoon  Develop
(2017) nt  Temperature efficiency how to monitor  Agricultu
50  Wi-Fi  Water scarcity multiple
[50]  Crop  Humidity  Decrease and control the re
 Climatic systems.
manageme  Soil pH water data remotely
variation
nt wastage and apply to
the fields.
 Researching
modules
 Smart  Climate  Developing
 related to IoT,
Farming changes. all the apps
Ferreira et al  Temperature  Mobile  Improve the event
 Machines  Insufficient and
51 (2017)  Soil pH technology production. processing,  Farming
for routine available experiment
[51]  Oxygen flow situational
operations lands. with real
awareness and
 Air toxins. cases.
data
 harmonization
 Smart
 Increase
 Livestock  Temperature  Mobile aquaponic
Vernandhes the manual
manageme  Humidity technology  Improve the  Limited lands. system to
52 et al (2017) response  Farming
nt  Light  Wi-Fi cultivation  Water scarcity monitor and
[52] speed.
control
cultivation
 Can monitor
 Weather  Upstream
 Livestock the
condition  Gaining data and
manageme performance
Vaughan et al  Mobile  Maintaining under the downstrea
nt.  Animal Weight of their
53 (2017) technology balance hostile m the  Farming
 Farm animals.
[53]  Large number conditions of a supply
manageme  Improve the
of livestock farm. chain.
nt. livestock
measurements.
production
 Estimate
 Conserve  Implementing the
 Temperature water system to to irrigation
 Water  Water scarcity
Padalalu et al  Humidity  Mobile  Avoidance make the cost.
manageme  High power  Agricultu
54 (2017)  Light technology of constant  irrigation  Introducing
nt consumption re
[54]  CO2 vigilance. system smart, wireless
 Soil pH  Remote autonomous sensor.
automation and efficient  Automatic
watering
 Heat detection  By collecting
 Cattle  Increase  Developing
Bellini et al  Temperature  Intensification activity data
detection  LoRa milk power
55 (2017)  Milk management for heat  Farming
manageme production reduction
[55] consumption techniques detection for
nt systems.
the cattle.
 Developing
 WSN  Energy irrigation
 Energy  Implement a
 Mobile efficiency services
manageme smart
Cambra et al  Temperature technology  Reduction  Scalability system in
nt communication  Agricultu
56 (2017)  Humidity  LoRa in fertilizers  Manageability the domain
 Water system to re
[56]  Zig Bee in products of
manageme monitor the
 Saving agricultural
nt agriculture
water decision
systems
 Temperature  Improve  Applying lossy  Use lossy
Moon et al
 Smart  Humidity crop yield.  Managing big compression compressio
57 (2017)  Wi-Fi  Farming
farming  Rain fall  Reduce data on IoT n
[57]
 Wind speed unnecessary  big data. techniques

23 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

costs.  to reduce
the high
cost of data
storage and
transit
 Increases
 Develop a  Making
poultry  High cost
poultry wireless
 production.  Maintenance
management communica
 Temperature  optimizes of labour
Raghudathes  Poultry  Raspberry system using tion
 Humidity resource  Wrong
58 h et al (2017) manageme pi low cost between  Farming
 Light intensity utilization. knowledge in
[58] nt  Wi-Fi commodity sensor
 Air quality  Saves time farming
hardware and module and
 Reduces practices.
open source coordinator
human
 software .
intervention
 Improving
 Livestock  Temperature  Improve the system
 Heat detection  Use prototype
manageme  Size of the cattle  RFID productivity capability
Maina (2017)  Death of sensor to detect
59 nt  Activity of the  Raspberry  Can to detecting  Farming
[59] livestock the activity of
 Smart cow pi effectively cow
cow.
farming detect heat activity in
real time
 Provide
required
 Water feed and
manageme water.  Develop a
 Improve
Memon et al nt  Temperature  Exhaust the system to
 Wi-Fi  Stock theft the features  Agricultu
60 (2016)  Waste  Humidity excess of control and
 LAN of the smart re
[60] manageme biogas of monitor the
system
nt animals farm remotely
 Surveillance
of the entire
farm

IV. DISCUSSION Although our results demonstrate the results in such a way, a
In this review we have identified important attributes to study [62] analyzed that use of RFID, a Wireless Sensor
analyse the research findings in agriculture and farming Network (WSN) technology that can be effectively used to
processes. We have gathered and analyzed data by using 60 increase the crop production to meet the growing needs of the
recent scientific articles. Our survey shows the most increasing population. In developing countries with limited
researched sub-verticals are water management, crop Internet speed, the other IoT technologies utilised rather than
management and smart farming. Water management is the Wi-Fi include Low-Power, Short-Range IoT Networks, low-
most researched sub-vertical for the last few years as most rate wireless PAN (LoRaWAN) or Low-Power and Wide-
countries mainly focus on the utilization of water resources Area Networks.
due to its lack of abundance [61]. Irrigation patterns in Further research [61] shows that WSN is used in many
agriculture influence crop production making irrigation applications such as health monitoring, agriculture,
management a central focus to increase productivity [8], [10]. environmental monitoring, and military applications whereas
The second most considered sub-vertical is crop management our study demonstrates the agriculture sector using IoT in and
due to the importance of producing food for a growing global farming sector using IoT. Our observations show that
population. It is important to manage the quality, quantity and Agriculture is the primary source of income in developing
effectiveness of the agricultural production for sustainability countries, such as India with the sizeable geographical area
[13]. Although a study [18] discussed that the widely used when comparing with other countries [9].
sensor data collections for measurements are soil conditions as
pH and humidity, as per our analysis it shows environmental Most of the research studies have performed on water
temperature followed by humidity and soil moisture are the management by monitoring such environmental parameters as
most commonly measured data. temperature, humidity and soil moisture [1], [3], [5], [19],
[25]. Many of the findings have focused on better water
IoT can further be defined as a fusion of heterogeneous utilization, reduction inhuman intervention and the cost of
networks including chip technology that scopes gradually production [18], [27]. Future research could draw more
more and more, expanding due to the rapid growth of Internet attention to further automate current processes in waste
applications such as logistics, agriculture, smart community, management, smart lightening and pest controlling sub-
intelligent transposition, control and tracking systems. verticals by reducing existing drawbacks since it has received
According to researchers’ analysis, in 2020 IoT objects will be the least research attention in the considered period. Fog
semi-intelligent and an important part of human social life computing, as an innovation with cross over any barrier
[46]. As analyzed in our review Wi-Fi,mobile technology are between remote data centres and IoT devices, should be
the technologies which have a wide range of demand in considered in future IoT analysis [63], [64], [65], [66], [67].
agriculture and farming domain to monitor land and water While IoT has solved many issues related to agriculture and
resources in contrast to other technologies [33], [35]. farming there are limitations that we need to consider. Lack of

24 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

interoperability and compatibility in devices, network technical knowledge among farmers, current centralised
flexibility issues when more devices are connecting, and architecture to support IoT systems is not much advanced as
sensor lifetime is some of the limitations to be addressed in the growth of the network, centralised systems will turn into a
future research. bottleneck. Moreover, sensor battery capacity and lifetime and
sensor data storage also more concentrated when IoT system
This study has found that industry 4.0 in agriculture deployment. Smart farming is the association with new
focuses on IoT aspects transforming the production advancements in technologies and the different crop and
capabilities including the agricultural domain. This study has livestock, agriculture and farming in the digital age. Smart
[68] considered soil quality, irrigation levels, weather, the farming can deliver agriculture more beneficial for the farmer.
presence of insects and pests as sensor data. Some of the This is because decreasing input resources will save farmers'
significant aspects they have been researched are the driver’s money and labour, and hence, will increase reliability [71] and
assistance to optimise routes and shorten harvesting and crop business outcome [72], [73].
treatment while reducing fuel consumption CISCO [69].
Producing enough food for the entire world is a big challenge Furthermore, studying diverse approaches for fog
since the global population is rapidly changing as well as computing structure [63], decision making using prediction or
climate change and labour shortage. Currently researchers pattern analysis [74], [75], [76], big data databases [77] could
have focused more on robotics to address these problems. A be an exciting way to make the Internet of Things (IoT) into
growing number of researchers and companies have focused the future dominating technology.
on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to weeding by
reducing the amount of herbicide used by farmers. This survey will fill the gap by the identification of the
different IoT sub-verticals and data collections for the
In contrast to edge computing, cloud computing requires a measurements in the agriculture and farming process. Results
high-speed internet connection with sending and retrieving are clearly showing that most considered sub-verticals and
data from the cloud. As the process involves transferring and data collections for measurements in the field of agriculture
receiving data from the cloud, the process is time-consuming. and farming. Our study also indicates the technologies used
Since the data capacity is higher than bandwidth, it is always for IoT application development in the reviewed period. To
essential to process data locally instead of sending data to the summarise this survey, this has broader knowledge about IoT
cloud. Edge computing is more efficient than cloud processing applications developed for automating the agriculture and
when processing data since the capacity doubles faster than farming process. Moreover, this study identifies most
the bandwidth doubles [70]. Since IoT uses sensor data considered sub-verticals, collected sensor data and
collection for decision making, to process collected data, the technologies for the development of IoT based applications in
cloud, or the edge based can be used on the system agriculture and farming sector towards the significant
requirements. improvement of the business.
Still, there are some challenges associated with IoT system Table II shows the other necessary data collection criteria
deployment. Connecting so many devices to the IoT network which were not included in all studies.
is the biggest challenge in the future following lack of

TABLE II. IMPORTANT DATA INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR FUTURE IOT STUDIES

To be Addressed in Future
Criteria Information to be Collected in IoT Domain Addressed in this Review
Research

IoT Sub Verticals What are the sub-areas addressed?  

What sort of sensor data collected for


Measures (Data Collection)  
measurements?
Used technologies to develop or to solve
Technologies Used  
problems.
Advantages of having the system to address
Benefits of Proposed System  
existing issues.
Existing issues and problems in the current
Challenges in Current Approach  
systems and methods.
Proposed solution to solve the issues in the
Solution for Current Issues  
current problems.
What are the novelty and future aspects of the
Drivers of IoT Countries  
proposed systems and methods?
Number of sensors are deployed, a variety of
sensors, amount of data collection (volume),
IoT systems' Scalability x 
speed (velocity) of data collection (days-hours,
hours-minutes, seconds-microseconds)
Are sensors and underlying technologies
Heterogeneity Aspects x 
uniform or heterogeneous in the system?

25 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

Complex is the adopted IoT architecture, sensors


System Architecture topology, information about intermediate x 
gateways
Business intelligence, Artificial Intelligence,
learning algorithms (machine Learning
Data Analysis Methods algorithms, Deep learning), big data x 
technologies (Hadoop, Spark) and other
protocols
Size or scale of the observed land or agricultural
Observed System x 
domain

Access to Natural resources Water resources and weather condition x 

Encryption techniques for IoT data access,


IoT Security and Threat Solutions
Vulnerable identity (change default passwords), x 
/ Protocols
self-error detection and possible cyber attacks
Control and automation hardware, controllers,
Operational Technology x 
sensors and actuators
Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud,
Cloud (data at rest and centralized data center),
Data Storage and Cloud Platform x 
Fog (data in motion and distributed data center)
or Edge computing
Battery, AC power, and other protocol to
Power Supplies x 
optimize energy savings

V. CONCLUSION [2] G. Arvind and V. Athira and H. Haripriya and R. Rani and S. Aravind,
"Automated irrigation with advanced seed germination and pest
From our observations from the 60 peer-reviewed control," in IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and
publications (2016–2018) in discussing the potential Rural Development (TIAR), 2017.
applications of the Internet of Things, it was found that water [3] W. Zhao and S. Lin and J. Han and R. Xu and L. Hou, "Design and
management is the highest considered IoT sub-vertical Implementation of Smart Irrigation System Based on LoRa," in IEEE
Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2017.
followed by crop management, smart farming, livestock
management, and irrigation management with the same [4] S. Sagar and G. Kumar and L. Xavier and S. Sivakumar and R. Durai,
"Smart irrigation system with flood avoidance technique," in Third
percentage. As per the observation, the most critical sensor International Conference on Science Technology Engineering &
data collection for the measurement is environmental Management (ICONSTEM), 2017.
temperature, environmental humidity and also there are some [5] S. Saraf and D. Gawali, "IoT based smart irrigation monitoring and
other such sensor data also gathered for IoT applications as controlling system," in 2nd IEEE International Conference on Recent
soil moisture and soil pH. Wi-Fi has the highest demand of Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology
usage in agriculture and farming industry, followed by mobile (RTEICT), 2017.
technology. Other technologies as ZigBee, RFID, Raspberry [6] Rama Chidambaram RM and Vikas Upadhyaya, "Automation in drip
irrigation using IOT devices," in Fourth International Conference on
pi, WSN, Bluetooth, LoRa and GPRS have less demand in the Image Information Processing (ICIIP), 2017.
agriculture and farming sectors. When compared to the [7] S. Vaishali and S. Suraj and G. Vignesh and S. Dhivya and S.
agricultural sector, farming industry has a lesser percentage Udhayakumar, "Mobile integrated smart irrigation management and
amount using IoT for the automation. This survey could be monitoring system using IOT," in International Conference on
useful for researchers for finding new ways and solution to Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), 2017.
challenge in the current agricultural era and for agricultural [8] M. Rajkumar and S. Abinaya and V. Kumar, "Intelligent irrigation
and farming industries to make the automation process more system—An IOT based approach," in International Conference on
Innovations in Green Energy and Healthcare Technologies (IGEHT),
effective and efficient, consequently, to obtain the good 2017.
businesses outcome.
[9] A. Rau and J. Sankar and A. Mohan and D. Das Krishna and J. Mathew,
AUTHORS’ PROFILE "IoT based smart irrigation system and nutrient detection with disease
analysis," in IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 2017.
R.M., S.W., and M.N.H. conceived the study idea and [10] Sanket Salvi and Pramod Jain S.A and Sanjay H.A and Harshita T.K and
developed the analysis plan. R.M. and S.W. analyzed the data M. Farhana and Naveen Jain and Suhas M V, "Cloud based data analysis
and wrote the initial paper. and monitoring of smart multi-level irrigation system using IoT," in
International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics
M.N.H. helped to prepare the figures and tables and and Cloud) (I-SMAC), 2017.
finalizing the manuscript. R.M. completed the final editing [11] P. Sureephong and P. Wiangnak and S. Wicha, "The comparison of soil
and figures of the manuscript. All authors read the manuscript. sensors for integrated creation of IOT-based Wetting front detector
(WFD) with an efficient irrigation system to support precision farming,"
REFERENCES in International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology
[1] R. Venkatesan and A. Tamilvanan, "A sustainable agricultural system (ICDAMT), 2017.
using IoT," in International Conference on Communication and Signal [12] S. Rajeswari and K. Suthendran and K. Rajakumar, "A smart
Processing (ICCSP), 2017. agricultural model by integrating IoT, mobile and cloud-based big data

26 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

analytics," in International Conference on Intelligent Computing and [29] P. Rajalakshmi and S. Devi Mahalakshmi, "IOT based crop-field
Control (I2C2), 2017. monitoring and irrigation automation," in 10th International Conference
[13] P. Patil and V. Sachapara, "Providing smart agricultural on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), 2016.
solutions/techniques by using Iot based toolkit," in International [30] A. Imteaj and T. Rahman and M. Hossain and S. Zaman, "IoT based
Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICEI), 2017. autonomous percipient irrigation system using raspberry Pi," in 19th
[14] S. Pooja and D. Uday and U. Nagesh and S. Talekar, "Application of International Conference on Computer and Information Technology
MQTT protocol for real time weather monitoring and precision (ICCIT), 2016.
farming," in International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, [31] H. Biradar and L. Shabadi, "Review on IOT based multidisciplinary
Communication, Computer, and Optimization Techniques models for smart farming," in 2nd IEEE International Conference on
(ICEECCOT), 2017. Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication
[15] O. Pandithurai and S. Aishwarya and B. Aparna and K. Kavitha, "Agro- Technology (RTEICT), 2017.
tech: A digital model for monitoring soil and crops using internet of [32] M. bin Ismail and N. Thamrin, "IoT implementation for indoor vertical
things (IOT)," in Third International Conference on Science Technology farming watering system," in International Conference on Electrical,
Engineering & Management (ICONSTEM), 2017. Electronics and System Engineering (ICEESE), 2017.
[16] A. Roselin and A. Jawahar, "Smart agro system using wireless sensor [33] Amandeep and A. Bhattacharjee and P. Das and D. Basu and S. Roy and
networks," in International Conference on Intelligent Computing and S. Ghosh and S. Saha and S. Pain and S. Dey and T. Rana, "Smart
Control Systems (ICICCS), 2017. farming using IOT", 2017 8th IEEE Annual Information Technology,"
[17] P. Rekha and V. Rangan and M. Ramesh and K. Nibi, "High yield in Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON),
groundnut agronomy: An IoT based precision farming framework," in 2017.
IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), 2017. [34] R. Dolci, "IoT Solutions for Precision Farming and Food
[18] R. Maia and I. Netto and A. Tran, "Precision agriculture using remote Manufacturing: Artificial Intelligence Applications in Digital Food," in
monitoring systems in Brazil," in IEEE Global Humanitarian IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference
Technology Conference (GHTC), 2017. (COMPSAC), 2017.
[19] Z. Ahmad and M. Pasha and A. Ahmad and A. Muhammad and S. [35] V. Gokul and S. Tadepalli, "Implementation of smart infrastructure and
Masud and M. Schappacher and A. Sikora, "Performance evaluation of noninvasive wearable for real time tracking and early identification of
IEEE 802.15.4-compliant smart water meters for automating large-scale diseases in cattle farming using IoT," in International Conference on I-
waterways," in 9th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), 2017.
Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and [36] C. Yoon and M. Huh and S. Kang and J. Park and C. Lee, "Implement
Applications (IDAACS), 2017. smart farm with IoT technology," in 20th International Conference on
[20] M. Mekala and P. Viswanathan, "A novel technology for smart Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2018.
agriculture based on IoT with cloud computing," in International [37] M. Rajkumar and S. Abinaya and V. Kumar, "Intelligent irrigation
Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I- system—An IOT based approach," in International Conference on
SMAC), 2017. Innovations in Green Energy and Healthcare Technologies (IGEHT),
[21] D. Qi and G. Lu and X. Dai, "Design of Urban Greening Intelligent 2017.
Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things Technology," in 9th [38] S. Ruengittinun and S. Phongsamsuan and P. Sureeratanakorn, "Applied
International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and internet of thing for smart hydroponic farming ecosystem (HFE)," in
Cybernetics (IHMSC), 2017. 10th International Conference on Ubi-media Computing and Workshops
[22] Z. Li and J. Wang and R. Higgs and L. Zhou and W. Yuan, "Design of (Ubi-Media), 2017.
an Intelligent Management System for Agricultural Greenhouses Based [39] A. Ezhilazhahi and P. Bhuvaneswari, "IoT enabled plant soil moisture
on the Internet of Things," in IEEE International Conference on monitoring using wireless sensor networks," in Third International
Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) and IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Signal Processing and Security (ICSSS), 2017.
Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), 2017. [40] C. Yoon and M. Huh and S. Kang and J. Park and C. Lee, "Implement
[23] C. Cambra and S. Sendra and J. Lloret and L. Garcia, "An IoT service- smart farm with IoT technology," in 20th International Conference on
oriented system for agriculture monitoring," in IEEE International Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2018.
Conference on Communications (ICC), 2017. [41] S. Takekar and S. Takekar, "Plant and taste to reap with Internet of
[24] N. Ananthi and J. Divya and M. Divya and V. Janani, "IoT based smart Things implementation of IoT in agriculture to make it a parallel
soil monitoring system for agricultural production," in IEEE industry," in International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social,
Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), 2017.
Development (TIAR), 2017. [42] P. Tanmayee, "Rice crop monitoring system—A lot based machine
[25] S. Prathibha and A. Hongal and M. Jyothi, "IOT Based Monitoring vision approach," in International Conference on Nextgen Electronic
System in Smart Agriculture," in International Conference on Recent Technologies: Silicon to Software (ICNETS2), 2017.
Advances in Electronics and Communication Technology (ICRAECT), [43] A. Moon and J. Kim and J. Zhang and S. Son, "Lossy compression on
2017. IoT big data by exploiting spatiotemporal correlation," in IEEE High
[26] P. Padalalu and S. Mahajan and K. Dabir and S. Mitkar and D. Javale, Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC), 2017.
"Smart water dripping system for agriculture/farming," in 2nd [44] Z. Li and J. Wang and R. Higgs and L. Zhou and W. Yuan, "Design of
International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 2017. an Intelligent Management System for Agricultural Greenhouses Based
[27] J. Guruprasadh and A. Harshananda and I. Keerthana and Rachana and on the Internet of Things," in IEEE International Conference on
K. Krishnan and M. Rangarajan and S. Sathyadevan, "Intelligent soil Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) and IEEE International
quality monitoring system for judicious irrigation," in International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), 2017.
Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and [45] D. Sreekantha and Kavya A.M., "Agricultural crop monitoring using
Informatics (ICACCI), 2017. IOT - a study," in 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems
[28] S. Athani and C. Tejeshwar and M. Patil and P. Patil and R. Kulkarni, and Control (ISCO), 2017.
"Soil moisture monitoring using IoT enabled arduino sensors with neural [46] S. Rajendrakumar and Rajashekarappa and V. Parvati and B.
networks for improving soil management for farmers and predict Parameshachari and K. Soyjaudah and R. Banu, "An intelligent report
seasonal rainfall for planning future harvest in North Karnataka—India," generator for efficient farming," in International Conference on
in International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer, and Optimization
Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), 2017. Techniques (ICEECCOT), 2017.

27 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 10, No. 4, 2019

[47] P. Padalalu and S. Mahajan and K. Dabir and S. Mitkar and D. Javale, [63] B. N. B. Ekanayake and M. N. Halgamuge and A. Syed, "Review:
"Smart water dripping system for agriculture/farming," in 2nd Security and Privacy Issues of Fog Computing for the Internet of Things
International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 2017. (IoT)," Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications
[48] D. Ferreira and P. Corista and J. Giao and S. Ghimire and J. Sarraipa Technologies Cognitive Computing for Big Data Systems Over IoT,
and R. Jardim-Goncalves, "Towards smart agriculture using FIWARE Frameworks, Tools and Applications, Springer, vol. 14, p. Chapter 7,
enablers," in International Conference on Engineering, Technology and 2018.
Innovation (ICE/ITMC), 2017. [64] J. Gubbi and R. Buyya and S. Marusic and M Palaniswami, "Internet of
[49] T. Okayasu and A. Nugroho and A. Sakai and D. Arita and T. Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions,"
Yoshinaga and R. Taniguchi and M. Horimoto and E. Inoue and Y. Hirai Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1645-1660,
and M. Mitsuoka, "Affordable field environmental monitoring and plant 2013.
growth measurement system for smart agriculture," in Eleventh [65] Ashkan Yousefpour and Genya Ishigaki and Riti Gour and Jason P. Jue,
International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), 2017. "On Reducing IoT Service Delay via Fog Offloading," IEEE Internet of
[50] B. Bellini and A. Amaud, "A 5µ? wireless platform for cattle heat Things Journal, Vols. 998 - 1010, no. 2, p. 5, 2018.
detection," in IEEE 8th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & [66] Shigen Shen and Longjun Huang and Haiping Zhou and Shui Yu and En
Systems (LASCAS), 2017. Fan and Qiying Cao, "Multistage Signaling Game-Based Optimal
[51] C. Cambra and S. Sendra and J. Lloret and L. Garcia, "An IoT service- Detection Strategies for Suppressing Malware Diffusion in Fog-Cloud-
oriented system for agriculture monitoring," in IEEE International Based IoT Networks," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp.
Conference on Communications (ICC), 2017. 1043 - 1054, 2018.
[52] J. Vaughan and P. Green and M. Salter and B. Grieve and K. Ozanyan, [67] Shuang Zhao and Yang Yang and Ziyu Shao and Xiumei Yang and Hua
"Floor sensors of animal weight and gait for precision livestock Qian and Cheng-Xiang Wang, "FEMOS: Fog-Enabled Multitier
farming," in IEEE SENSORS, 2017. Operations Scheduling in Dynamic Wireless Networks," IEEE Internet
of Things Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1169 - 1183, 2018.
[53] W. Vernandhes and N. Salahuddin and A. Kowanda and S. Sari, "Smart
aquaponic with monitoring and control system based on iot," in Second [68] [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/ dem/
International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), 2017. monitor/content/industry-40-agriculture-focus-iot-aspects.
[54] G. Raghudathesh and D. Deepak and G. Prasad and A. Arun and R. [69] [Online]. Available: https://newsroom.cisco.com/feature-content?type
Balekai and V. Yatnalli and S. Lata and B. Kumar, "Iot based intelligent =webcontent&articleId=1870277.
poultry management system using Linux embedded system," in [70] K. Dolui and S. K. Datta, "Comparison of edge computing
International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications implementations: Fog computing, cloudlet and mobile edge computing,"
and Informatics (ICACCI), 2017. Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS), 2017.
[55] C. wa Maina, "IoT at the grassroots—Exploring the use of sensors for [71] A. Walter and R. Finger and R. Huber and N. Buchmanna, "Opinion:
livestock monitoring," in IST-Africa Week Conference (IST-Africa), Smart farming is key to developing sustainable agriculture," Proc Natl
2017. Acad Science, vol. 114, p. 6148–6150, 2017.
[56] K. Krishna and O. Silver and W. Malende and K. Anuradha, "Internet of [72] E. Hakanen, R. Rajala, "Material intelligence as a driver for value
Things application for implementation of smart agriculture system," in creation in IoT-enabled business ecosystems", Journal of Business &
International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics Industrial Marketing, September 2018.
and Cloud) (I-SMAC), 2017. [73] T. Osmonbekov, W. J. Johnston, "Adoption of the Internet of Things
[57] M. Hunain Memon, "Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Smart Animal technologies in business procurement: impact on organizational buying
Farm," in Computing for Sustainable Global Development behavior", Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, September 2018.
(INDIACom), 2016 3rd International Conference, 2016. [74] A. Gupta, A. Mohammad, A. Syed, and M. N. Halgamuge, "A
[58] G. Suciu and O. Fratu and A. Vulpe and C. Butca and V. Suciu, "IoT Comparative Study of Classification Algorithms using Data Mining:
agro-meteorology for viticulture disease warning," in IEEE International Crime and Accidents in Denver City the USA", International Journal of
Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Volume 7,
(BlackSeaCom), 2016. Issue 7, pp 374 - 381, August 2016.
[59] N. Putjaika and S. Phusae and A. Chen-Im and P. Phunchongharn and [75] C. Wanigasooriya, M. N. Halgamuge, A. Mohamad, "The Analyzes of
K. Akkarajitsakul, "A control system in an intelligent farming by using Anticancer Drug Sensitivity of Lung Cancer Cell Lines by Using
arduino technology," in Fifth ICT International Student Project Machine Learning Clustering Techniques", International Journal of
Conference (ICT-ISPC), 2016. Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Volume 8, No
[60] S. Prathibha and A. Hongal and M. Jyothi, "IOT Based Monitoring 9, September 2017.
System in Smart Agriculture," in International Conference on Recent [76] A. Singh, M. N. Halgamuge, R. Lakshmiganthan, "Impact of Different
Advances in Electronics and Communication Technology (ICRAECT), Data Types on Classifier Performance of Random Forest, Naïve Bayes,
2017. and k-Nearest Neighbors Algorithms", International Journal of
[61] Rekha B Venkatapur and S Nikitha, "Review on Closed Loop Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Volume 8, No
Automated Irrigation System," The Asian Review of Civil Engineering, 12, pp 1-10, December 2017.
vol. 6, pp. 9-14, 2017. [77] V. Vargas, A. Syed, A. Mohammad, and M. N. Halgamuge, "Pentaho
[62] K. Bidua and C. Patel, "Internet of Things and Cloud Computing for and Jaspersoft: A Comparative Study of Business Intelligence Open
Agriculture in India," International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Source Tools Processing Big Data to Evaluate Performances",
Research in Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 27-30, 2015. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications
(IJACSA), Volume 7, Issue 10, pp 20-29, November 2016.

28 | P a g e
www.ijacsa.thesai.org

Вам также может понравиться