SECTION 8.

1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS ❙❙❙❙ 1

|||| 8.1 Integration by Parts

A Click here for answers. S Click here for solutions.

1–15 |||| Evaluate the integral. 16. First make a substitution and then use integration by parts to
evaluate x x 5 cosx 3 dx.
2x
1. y xe dx 2. y x cos x dx
; 17. Evaluate x sx ln x dx. Illustrate, and check that your answer is
reasonable, by graphing both the function and its antiderivative
3. y x sin 4x dx 4. yx 2
cos 3x dx (take C  0).

18. Find the area of the region bounded by y  sin 1 x, y  0,

5. yx 2
sin ax dx 6. y  sin  cos  d and x  0.5.


; 19–20 |||| Use a graph to find approximate x-coordinates of
7. yt 2
ln t dt 8. ye cos 3 d the points of intersection of the given curves. Then find
(approximately) the area of the region bounded by the curves.

9. y
1
te 1 dt 10. y
4
ln sx dx 19. y  x 2 , y  xe x2
0 1
20. y  x 2  5, y  ln x
2 1 2 x
11. y x cos 2x dx 12. y x e dx ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

0 0

21. Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume

13. x 3e x dx
2
14. generated by rotating the region bounded by y  sin x, y  0,
y y sinln x dx x  2, and x  3 about the y-axis.

1
22. Find the average value of f x  x cos 2x on the interval
15. y x tan x dx
0, 2.
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
2 ❙❙❙❙ SECTION 8.1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS

Answers

E Click here for exercises. S Click here for solutions.

2x 2x
1. 12 xe − 14 e + C

2. x sin x + cos x + C

3. − 14 x cos 4x + 16
1
sin 4x + C
2
4. 13 x sin 3x + 29 x cos 3x − 27
2
sin 3x + C
x2 2x 2
5. − cos ax + 2 sin ax + 3 cos ax + C
a a a
6. 18 (sin 2θ − 2θ cos 2θ) + C
3
7. 19 t (3 ln t − 1) + C
1 −θ
8. 10 e (3 sin 3θ − cos 3θ) + C
9. 1 − 2/e

10. 2 ln 4 − 32

11. − 12

12. 2 − 5/e
x2

2 
13. 12 e x −1 +C
14. 12 x [sin (ln x) − cos (ln x)] + C

2 −1

15. 12 x tan x + tan−1 x − x + C
3

3
3
16. 13 x sin x + 13 cos x + C
3/2
17. 23 x ln x − 49 x3/2 + C
1

√ 
18. 12 π + 6 3 − 12
19. 0.080

20. 7.10
2
21. 10π
1
22. −
π
 SECTION 8.1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS ❙❙❙❙ 3

Solutions

E Click here for exercises. A Click here for answers.

 
1. Let u = x, dv = e dx ⇒ 2x
6. I = θ sin θ cos θ dθ = 14 2θ sin 2θ dθ

du = dx, v = 12 e2x . Then by Equation 2, = 18 t sin t dt (Put t = 2θ ⇒ dt = dθ/2.)
 2x 
xe dx = 12 xe2x − 12 e2x dx = 12 xe2x − 14 e2x + C. Let u = t, dv = sin t dt ⇒ du = dt, v = − cos t. Then

 
2. Let u = x, dv = cos x dx ⇒ du = dx, I = 18 −t cos t + cos t dt
v = sin x. Then by Equation 2, 1
  = 8
(−t cos t + sin t) + C
x cos x dx = x sin x − sin x dx = x sin x + cos x + C.
1
= (sin 2θ − 2θ cos 2θ) + C
3. Let u = x, dv = sin 4x dx ⇒ du = dx, v = − 14 cos 4x. 8
2
Then 7. Let u = ln t, dv = t dt ⇒ du = dt/t, v = 13 t3 . Then
 
1   
x sin 4x dx = − 14 x cos 4x − − 4 cos 4x dx t2 ln t dt = 13 t3 ln t − 1 3
3
t (1/t) dt =
1 3 1 3 1 3
= − 14 x cos 4x + 1
sin 4x + C 3
t ln t − 9
t +C = 9
t (3 ln t − 1) + C.
16
−θ
2
4. Let u = x , dv = cos 3x dx ⇒ 8. Let u = cos 3θ, dv = e dθ ⇒
du = 2x dx, v = 1
sin 3x. Then du = −3 sin 3θ dθ, v = −e−θ . Then
 3
  
I = x2 cos 3x dx = 13 x2 sin 3x − 23 x sin 3x dx by I = e−θ cos 3θ dθ = −e−θ cos 3θ − 3 e−θ sin 3θ dθ.
Equation 2. Next let U = x, dV = sin 3x dx ⇒ Integrate by parts again:

dU = dx, V = − 13 cos 3x to get I = −e−θ cos 3θ + 3e−θ sin 3θ − e−θ 9 cos 3θ dθ, so
   −θ
x sin 3x dx = − 13 x cos 3x + 13 cos 3x dx 10 e cos 3θ dθ = e−θ (3 sin 3θ − cos 3θ) + C1 and
1 −θ
I= e (3 sin 3θ − cos 3θ) + C, where C = C1 /10.
= − 13 x cos 3x + 1
9
sin 3x + C1 10
 9. Let u = t, dv = e
−t
dt ⇒ du = dt, v = −e−t . By
Substituting for x sin 3x dx, we get

 Formula 6,
I = 13 x2 sin 3x − 23 − 13 x cos 3x + 1
9
sin 3x + C1  1 −t  1  1
1 2 0
te dt = −te−t 0 + 0 e−t dt
= x sin 3x + 29 x cos 3x − 2
sin 3x + C
3 27  1
where C = − 23 C1 . = −1/e + −e−t 0 = −1/e − 1/e + 1
2
5. Let u = x , dv = sin ax dx ⇒ du = 2x dx, = 1 − 2/e
1 4 √ 4
v = − cos ax. Then 10. I = 1 ln x dx = 12 1 ln x dx = 1
2
[x ln x − x]41 as in
a
 Example 2. So I = 1
2
[(4 ln 4 − 4) − (0 − 1)] = 2 ln 4 − 32 .
I = x2 sin ax dx
11. Let u = x, dv = cos 2x dx ⇒ du = dx,
2    v= 1
sin 2x dx. Then
x 1 2
= − cos ax − − cos ax (2x dx)  π/2  π/2  π/2
a a
x cos 2x dx = 12 x sin 2x 0 − 12 0 sin 2x dx
 0
x2 2  π/2
= − cos ax + x cos ax dx = 0 + 14 cos 2x 0
a a
by Equation 2. Let U = x, dV = cos ax dx ⇒ = 1
4
(−1 − 1) = − 12
1
dU = dx, V = sin ax. Then 2
12. Let u = x , dv = e
−x
dx ⇒ du = 2x dx, v = −e−x .
a
  Then
x 1
x cos ax dx = sin ax − sin ax dx 1  1  1
a a I = x2 e−x dx = −x2 e−x 0 + 0 2xe−x dx
0
x 1 1
= sin ax + 2 cos ax + C1 = −1/e + 0 2xe−x dx
a a
So Now use parts again with u = 2x, dv = e−x . Then
 
x2 2 x 1  1  1
I = − cos ax + sin ax + 2 cos ax + C1 I = −1/e − 2xe−x 0 + 0 2e−x dx
a a a a
 1
x2 2x 2 = −1/e − 2/e − 2e−x 0 = −3/e − 2/e + 2
= − cos ax + 2 sin ax + 3 cos ax + C
a a a = 2 − 5/e
4 ❙❙❙❙ SECTION 8.1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS

2 −1 dx
13. Substitute t = x ⇒ dt = 2x dx. Then use parts with 18. Let u = sin x, dv = dx ⇒ du = √ , v = x.
1 − x2
u = t, dv = e dt ⇒ du = dt, v = et . Thus,
t
Then
 3 x2   
x e dx = 12 tet dt = 12 tet − 12 et dt 1/2
area = sin−1 x dx
2

= 12 tet − 12 et + C = 12 ex x2 − 1 + C 0

 1/2 1/2
x
= x sin−1 x 0 − √ dx
14. Let w = ln x, so that x = e
w w
and dx = e dw. Then 0 1 − x2
 

1/2
w
sin (ln x) dx = e sin w dw = 1 π
2 6
+ 1 − x2
0
= 1 w
e (sin w − cos w) + C (by Example 4) √  √
2 π 3 1
= 12
+ 2
−1= 12
π + 6 3 − 12
1
= 2
x [sin (ln x) − cos (ln x)] + C

−1


15. Let u = tan x, dv = x dx ⇒ du = dx/ 1 + x2 ,
v = 12 x2 . 19.

 1 x2
Then x tan−1 x dx = 12 x2 tan−1 x − dx.
2 1 + x2
But
 

x2 1 + x2 − 1
dx = dx
1 + x2 1 + x2
 
1 From the graph, we see that the curves intersect at
= 1 dx − dx
1 + x2
approximately x = 0 and x = 0.70, with xe−x/2 > x2 on
= x − tan−1 x + C1 (0, 0.70). So the area bounded by the curves is
 0.70  −x/2
so approximately A = 0 xe − x2 dx. We separate
 1 2


x tan−1 x dx = 2
x tan−1 x −
x − tan−1 x + C1
1
2 this into two integrals, and evaluate the first one by parts with


= 12 x2 tan−1 x + tan−1 x − x + C u = x, dv = e−x/2 dx ⇒ du = dx, v = −2e−x/2 :
0.70    0.70
0.70
A = −2xe−x/2 − 0 −2e−x/2 dx − 13 x3 0
3 0
16. Substitute t = x ⇒ dt = 3x2 dx. Then use parts with
  0.70  
u = t, dv = cos t dt. Thus = −2 (0.70) e−0.35 − 0 − 4e−x/2 − 1
3
0.703 − 0
 5
 
  0
x cos x3 dx = 13 x3 cos x3 · 3x2 dx = 13 t cos t dt ≈ 0.080

= 13 t sin t − 13 sin t dt
1
= 3
+ 13 cos t + C
t sin t


 20.
= 13 x3 sin x3 + 13 cos x3 + C

√
17. Let u = ln x, dv = x dx ⇒ du = dx/x,
√ 2 3/2
v= x dx = 3 x . Thus
√ 
x ln x dx = 23 x3/2 ln x − 23 x3/2 (1/x) dx
2 3/2
From the graphs, we see that the curves intersect at
= 3
x ln x − 49 x3/2 + C
approximately x = 0.0067 and x = 2.43, with
We see from the graph that this is reasonable, since the ln x > x2 − 5 on (0.0067, 2.43). So the area bounded by
antiderivative is increasing where the original function is the curves is about
positive.  2.43 

A = 0.0067 ln x − x2 − 5 dx
 2.43

= 0.0067 ln x − x2 + 5 dx
 2.43
= (x ln x − x) − 13 x3 + 5x 0.0067 (see Example 2)
≈ 7.10
 SECTION 8.1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS ❙❙❙❙ 5

 3π
21. Volume = 2π 2πx sin x dx. Let u = x, dv = sin x dx ⇒
du = dx, v = − cos x ⇒
V = 2π [−x cos x + sin x]3π
2π

= 2π [(3π + 0) − (−2π + 0)]

= 2π (5π) = 10π 2
22. Let u = x, dv = cos 2x dx ⇒ du = dx,
1
v = sin 2x dx. Then
2
 π/2  π/2  π/2
0
x cos 2x dx = 12 x sin 2x 0 − 12 0 sin 2x dx
 π/2
= 0 + 14 cos 2x 0
1
= 4
(−1 − 1) = − 12
−1/2 1
Hence, the average value of f is =− .
π/2 − 0 π