3-3 SPECIAL PRODUCTS 5-1 COUNTING TECHNIQUES

Formulas:
Formulas: 1. Multiplication Rule m n
1. a b2 a2 2ab b2 (square of a binomial) 2. Multiplication Rule (general version) n1 n2 n3 …. nr
2. a b a b a2 b2 (sum & diff. of two binomial) n!
3. Permutation n Pr
n r!
3. a b a2 ab b2 a3 b3
2 2 2
a. Circular Permutation n 1!
4. a b c a b c2 2ab 2ac 2bc
n!
5. a2 b2 a b 2
2ab a b 2
2ab b. Similar Objects
n1! n2! n3! ......
n!
4. Combination n Cr
n r ! r!

7-1 / 7-2 FACTORING 17-1 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

Formulas:
Formulas:
A 1 x B1 y C 1
1. Factor out GCF ax bx x a b
2 2
A 2 x B2 y C2
2. Difference of Two Squares a b a b a b
Characteristics Graphical Description Number of Solutions
3. Sum & Difference of Two Cubes a3 b3 a b a2 ab b2
a2 2ab b2 a b2
A1 B1
4. Perfect Square Trinomial Intersecting Lines 1 solution
2
A2 B2
5. Quadratic Trinomial x bx c x p x q
where c = pq and b = p + q A1 B1 C1
Parallel Lines no solution
ax m ax n A2 B2 C2
If a > 1, then ax 2 bx c
a A1 B1 C1
where ac = mn and b = m + n Overlapping Lines infinitely many solutions
A2 B2 C2

19-1 FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPH 11-1 POLYGONS

Formulas: Formulas:
LINEAR FUNCTION 1. Number of sides = n
Form: 2. Number of diagonals from one vertex = n – 3
fx ax b or f x mx b nn 3
3. Total number of diagonals =
Intercepts: 2
x-intercept x such that f(x) = 0 4. Sum of the interior angles = 180 n 2
y-intercept b
5. Sum of the exterior angles = 360
Slope:
180 n 2
m or b 6. Measure of each interior angle (regular polygon) = = 180 - E
Graph: n
line 360
7. Measure of each exterior angle (regular polygon) = = 180 - I
n

14-2 / 14-3 POWER THEOREM 20-2 LAWS OF LOGARITHMS

Formulas: A Logarithm Form: Exponential Form:

B
E C
logb x y by x
B
A D
C Formulas:
D
AE EC = BE ED AC BC = (CD)2 1. logb MN logb M logb N 5. logb 1 0
m AED = ½ (m AD + m BC) m ACD = ½ (m AD m BD) M
A 2. logb logb M logb N 6. logb b 1
B N
E A B
log x
D
3. logb Mp plogb M 7. b b x
D
C logb N
C 4. logM N
AE BE = CE DE logb M
m ABC = ½ (m ADC m AC)
m AEC = ½ (m AC m BD)
 3-1 / 3-2 LAWS OF EXPONENTS AND RADICALS 21-1 ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
21-2 ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC SERIES
Formulas:
m n m Formulas:
1. a a am n
7. a n
n
am
Arithmetic Sequence Geometric Sequence
am m 1
2. n
am n
8. a m
an a1 n 1d an a1 r n 1
a a
n Arithmetic Series Geometric Series
3. am amn 9. p n
a q n
a p q n
a
n a1 1 rn
4. ab m
ambm 10. p n
a q n
b pq n
ab Sn a1 a2 Sn
2 1 r
m n
a am p a p n
a Infinite Geometric Series
5. 11.
b bm q b n q b a1
S
6. a
0
1 1 r

1-2 SET OPERATIONS 6-2 VARIATION

Formulas: Formulas:
1. Union of Two Sets (A B) 1. Direct Variation
A: {1, 2, 3, 4} U - a varies directly as b. a kb (k : constant of variation)
B: {3, 4, 5, 6} A B a1 a2
or a1b 2 a2b1
A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} b1 b 2

2. Intersection of Two Sets (A B) 2. Inverse Variation

A: {1, 2, 3, 4} U k
B: {3, 4, 5, 6} - a varies inversely as b. a (k : constant of variation)
A B b
A B = {3, 4} a1 b2
or a1b1 a2 b 2
b1 b1

9-2 NATURE OF ROOTS 9-2 OPERATIONS OF ROOTS

Formulas: Formulas:
1. D = 0 2 equal real roots 1. Sum of roots 3. Sum of reciprocal of roots
2. D > 0 b 1 1 b
r1 r2
a r1 r2 c
perfect square 2 distinct rational roots
not a perfect square 2 distinct irrational roots 2. Product of roots 4. Quadratic equation
c b c
3. D < 0 no real root (imaginary) r1 r2 x2 x 0
a a a
Note: x2 r1 r2 x r1 r2 0
2
General Form of Quadratic Equation ax bx c 0 Note:
Discriminant (D) = b2 – 4ac General Form of Quadratic Equation ax 2 b x c 0

10-3 ABSOLUTE VALUE INEQUALITIES 11-2 PARALLEL LINES

Formulas: Formulas:
1. Corresponding Angles 1 2
Form (d > 0) inequality notation interval notation
1 5, 4 7, 2 6, 3 8 4 3
1. x c d c d x c d c d, c d 2. Alternate Interior Angles
5 6
4 6, 3 5
2. x c d c d x c d c d, c d 7 8
3. Alternate Exterior Angles
3. 0 x c d c d x c c x c d c d, c c, c d 1 8, 2 7

4. 0 x c d c d x c c x c d c d, c c, c d 4. Same Side Interior Angles

4 and 5 are supplementary, 3 and 6 are supplementary
5. x c d x c d x c d ,c d c d,
5. Same Side Exterior Angles
6. x c d x c d x c d ,c d c d, 1 and 7 are supplementary, 2 and 8 are supplementary

2
 12-2 MEASUREMENTS OF GEOMETRIC SEGMENTS
14-2 MEASURE OF ANGLES & SEGMENTS (ONE CIRCLE)
Formulas:
Formulas:
Right Triangles Special Right Triangle A A A B
1. Pythagorean Theorem 1. 30 -60 -90 Triangle
c O C
B O
a2 b2 c2 a O
60 2x
2. Pythagorean Triple x B
b m AOB = m AB m ABC = ½ m AC m BAO = 90
30
32 42 52 x√3 B C C
52 122 132 2. 45 -45 -90 Triangle C A B
B
72 24 2 252 45 x√2 O O O
x
82 152 172 A A
45
2 2 2 m ABC = ½ m AB AC = AB BC = AB
9 40 41 x

15-1 PERIMETER AND AREA 15-1 PERIMETER AND AREA

Formulas: Formulas:
Polygon Figure Perimeter Area Polygon Figure Perimeter Area

h a
Parallelogram 2 (a + b) bh Triangle h sum of 3 sides ½ bh
b
b
d1 d2 s 3 2
Square 4s s2 or ½ d1d2 Equilateral Triangle s 3s s
4
a1 b1 a2
Rectangle w 2 (l + w) lw h
l
Trapezoid b2 a1 + a2 + b1 + b2 ½ h (b1+ b2)

d1
h d2 s
Rhombus 4s bh or ½ d1d2 Kite d2 sum of 4 sides ½ d1d2
d1
b

15-1 PERIMETER AND AREA 15-2 SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME

Formulas: Formulas:
Circle Sector ℓ Solid Figure Perimeter Area
r
Rectangular Prism w h l 2lw + 2lh + 2wh lwh
r

Circumference (C) = 2 r radians degrees Cube s 6s2 s3

Area (A) = r2 Arc length (ℓ) r 2 r

360 r
Cylinder h 2 r2 + 2 rh r2h
Perimeter (P) 2r + ℓ
1 2
Area (A) r r2 4 3
r
2 360 Sphere r 4 r2
3

16-1 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY OF TWO POINTS 16-2 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY OF A LINE

Formulas: Formulas:
Equations of a Line
1. Distance Formula 4. Graph Interpretation of Slope
y
1. Two-Point Form 3. Slope-Intercept Form
2 2 y
d x2 x1 y2 y1 y 2 y1 y mx b
y y1 x x1
x x x 2 x1 y mx a
2. Midpoint Formula
2. Point-Slope Form 4. Two-Intercept Form
x1 x 2 y1 y2
M x, y , positive slope negative slope x y
2 2 y y1 m x x1 1
y y a b
3. Slope Formula Relationship of Two Lines Note:
x x 1. Parallel Lines m1 = m2
y2 y1 y y2 a x-intercept
m or 1 1 b y-intercept
x2 x1 x1 x2 2. Perpendicular Lines m1
zero slope no slope m2 m slope
 19-1 FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPH 19-1 FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPH

Formulas: Formulas:
QUADRATIC FUNCTION POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
Form: Form:
fx ax 2 bx c fx anxn an 1xn 1
...... a1x a0
Intercepts: Intercepts:
x-intercept x such that f(x) = 0 x-intercept x such that f(x) = 0
Note: If b2 – 4ac < 0, then no x-intercept. Note:
If b2 – 4ac = 0, then 1 x-intercept. Remainder Theorem f(r) = R, where R is the remainder when f(x) (x – r)
If b2 – 4ac > 0, then 2 x-intercept. Factor Theorem f(r) = 0, when f(x) (x – r), then (x – r) is a factor of f(x)
y-intercept c y-intercept a0
Graph: Graph:
Parabola opening upward when a > 0 Continuous curve
Parabola opening downward when a < 0

19-1 FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPH 19-2 CONIC SECTIONS

Formulas: Formulas:
RATIONAL FUNCTION 1. Circle 2. Parabola
Form: GF: Ax2 + By2 + Dx + Ey +F = 0 GF: Ax2+Dx + Ey + F = 0
px anx n an 1 x n 1
....a1x a0 where A > 0, B > 0 and A = B By2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
fx m m 1 SF: (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 SF: y = a(x – h)2 + k
qx bm x bm 1 x ....b1 x b 0 Center: (h, k) x = a(y – k)2 + h
Intercepts: Radius: r Vertex: (h, k)
x-intercept x such that p(x) = 0
Asymptotes:
a0 Vertical: 3. Ellipse 4. Hyperbola
y-intercept y x = r where q( r) = 0 GF: Ax2 + By2 + Dx + Ey +F = 0 GF: Ax2 – By2 + Dx + Ey +F = 0
b0
Horizontal: where A > 0, B > 0 and A ≠ B where A > 0 and B > 0
Graph: when n = m, y = an/bm By2 – Ax2 + Dx + Ey +F = 0
broken curves w/ asymptotes when n < m, y = 0 where A > 0 and B > 0

23-1 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 23-2 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Formulas: Formulas:
y y r r
SOH-CAH-TOA CHO-SHA-CAO
sin tan csc y Sin All
r x y
opposite side hypotenuse x x r x
Tan
sin csc Cos
opposite side

hypotenuse hypotenuse opposite side cos cot sec

r y x
adjacent side hypotenuse ACTS Rule
cos sec Reference Angle
hypotenuse adjacent side
opposite side adjacent side R
tan adjacent side cot R

adjacent side opposite side R R

R = R = 180 R = 180 R = 360

23-2 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

25-1 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
SPECIAL ANGLES
Formulas: Degrees 30 45 60
π π π
Pythagorean Radians 6 4 3
sin2 cos 2 1 1 sin2 cos 2 1 cos2 sin2 1 2 3
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
csc cot 1 1 cot csc csc 1 cot2 3 2 1
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 2
sec2 tan2 1 1 tan2 sec2 sec2 1 tan2 2 2
3
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 3
1 3
Ratio Reciprocal Co-Function
3
sin 1 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 3 1
tan sec cos = sin (90 - ) 3
cos cos 2 3
cot = tan (90 - ) 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 3
2 2
cos 1
cot csc 2 3
sin sin csc = sec (90 - ) 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 2 2
3

4
 23-2 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
24-1 GRAPH OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
QUADRANTAL ANGLES

1. SINE FUNCTION y sinx 2. COSINE FUNCTION y cos x

Degrees 0 90 180 270 360 y y

1 1
π 3π
Radians 0
2 2
2
0 x 0 x
2 2 3 4 2 2 3 4
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 0 1 0 -1 0
1 1 amplitu
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 1 0 -1 0 1 de

one
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 0 ∞ 0 ∞ 0 period

𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 ∞ 0 ∞ 0 ∞

𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 1 ∞ -1 ∞ 1

𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 ∞ 1 ∞ -1 ∞