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Unsteady Flow Of A Viscous Incompressible Fluid Between Parallel Plates

Article  in  Defence science journal · October 1973

DOI: 10.14429/dsj.23.6484

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Nirmal C. Sacheti Balswaroop Bhatt

Sultan Qaboos University University of the West Indies, St. Augustine
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 UNSTEADY FLOW OF A VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID BETWEEN PARALLEL PLATES

University of Rajasthan, Jaipur

(Received 14 August 1972 ;revised 11 September 1972)

In the present paper an exact solution of the Nasier Stokes equations has been obtained, conaidering the flow of a
viscous incompressible fluid between two infinitefy extended parallel plates when upper plate is moving with uniform
velocity and the lower plate is performing linear oscillations in its own plane. The technique of Laplace transform
has been employed t o obtain the velocity distribution, which has been shown graphically.

The steady motion of a viscous incompressible fluid between two infinitely extended parallel plates when
upper one is moving with uniform velocity and the lower one is at rest, is a well known plane Couette flowl.
The exact solutions of Navier Stokes equations for the flow near a plate with impulsive and simple
harmonic motion are also well known2. The unsteady motion of a viscous incompressible fluid due to the per-
iodic pressure gradient in different geometries has been considered by several researchers-Sexel3, Uchida4,
Verma5 and DrakeG.Dube7has further investigated the unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a
channel bounded by the parallel flat plates. He has considered two oases: (i) When pressure gradient is
varying linearly with time, (ii) When pressure gadient is decreasing exponentially with time.
Gupta & Goyal8 have analysed the same problem for the first case of Dube7. They have reported a
back flow initially for ( 3b2 < b, ). Recently Verma & Gaur9 have investigated the unsteady flow and
temperature distribution of a viscous incompressible fluid between parallel plates in which they have im-
proved the result of Gupta & Goya18.
Studies of the unsteady problems involved with helicopter rotors (such as oscillating cross flow over
the rotors, the time dependent oscillating flow over the airofoils etc.) are of much interest for minimising
the unsteady effects of the environment. As it is well known, that the flow over a flat plate is a &astie
&plifigation of the flow over a helicopter wing. To have an insight in such problems, we have considered
the unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a straight channel bounded by two infinitely extended
parallel plates when the upper plate is moving with uniform velocity U, and the lower one is performing
oscillations of the type u = V eint in its own plane. The method of Laplace transform is used to obtain the
velocity distribution. The velocity profiles have been plotted in different cases to show the effect of
oscillations. Coefficient of skin-friction is also plotted.

- . FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION

We assume the fluid to be confined between two infinitely extended parallel plates at y=O and y=y,.
Axis of a be taken along the lower plate and y be measured normal to it. The upper plate is moving in a
direction with uniform velocity 0, and the lower plate is performing oscillations of the type u = r e int,
The equations of motion and continuity for an incompressible viscous fluid in two-dimensions are :

av av av
- =-9'
+
-
at + u-ax + aY .r
P aY (- (2)
and
and

-
au,
-
1 - _- --.
0

5i. +
. - -
- a6 6 " . I a * a (8)
Eqhatim
., ~
(7) is to be s o l d subject to the following boundary conditions : I
.-" *,-. /
e
,

uo=U; aty=yo,
I-"
.=
-. uor;.O; a t y = O . - (9)
The solution of (7) is

- (%)Y - . + -**a&w$9
r srr,
*
. " p*t-
Now in order to solve (8), we define the L a p h e trainsform
- *
" <
\
+ ? ">r:
-. , a .,- -
.-
i
*-

El (Y, p) = e-pb ul (y, tj dt (11)

0
* .
Equa,t;lon (3)is to be wlved subject k the following boundary conditions : I.
%=Vdnt; aty=O ; t > Q ,
- ~ 1 = 0 ; at_y=y,,;t>o,
.- - . * (12)
A Gu,%O - - -, at, t =-0
3fdtiplying both the sides of (8) by e l t and integrating between
1the .- -
c.
-

limits -6to
..
- *: *

;we have the Laplace

- * s

-
.a,
hmsform of (8) as : -. n
-- - - - n- ' , .
I _ _
&=GI
pIi1=v-
- aya..-'
and' transformed boundary conditions are " 1 *
a

133-

r
 f equation (16) and from equatio

where
This is well known flow cau
first problem.

which ia well-known plan

 SACHETI
& BHATT
: Flow of Viscous Incompressible Fluid between Plates

C O E F F I C I E N T OF S K I N - F R I C T I O N

Coefficient of skin friction is given by (for U= V)

ower plate, we have

o =1 +- E -[cosh a sin a (Qsin nt - P cos nt) +
+ sinh a cos a (Q cos nt + P sin nt) ] / [ cosh2 a sin2 a + sinh2a cos2 a 1 -
- 9 2k4 m4 exp ( -v
+
k2 t / @, )
(21)
.&
L=l
( k4 7r4 4 a4 ) 7

where P =a [ cosh a cos a + sinh a sin a ]

and
Q = a [ sinh a sin a - cosh a cos a ] .
Similarly for the upper plate, we have
(Cffy=yo = 1 + E a [ sinh a cos a (sin nt - cos nt) -
- cosh a sin a (sin nt + cos ng) ] / [ coshz a sin2 a + sinh2 a cos2 a ] -

NUMERICAL DISCUSSION

The velocity profiles are drawn in Pigs. 1-4 for V =U ,E =O 5 and E= 1. The behaviour of the velocity
along the plate for various values of nt are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The oscillating plate sets up a correspond-
ing 0~01l,latimin the fluid which is effected by the motion of the upper plate. As expected the resulting
motion is the superimposition of the motion due to oscillating plate and the Couette flow. The velocity
profiles are plotted against nt for various values of (ylh) in Figs. 3 and 4. The oscillations set up in the
fluid in the neighbourhood of the oscillating plate are damped as we move towards the upper plate which
is moving with a uniform velocity. The coefficient of skin-friction at both the plates is plotted against
nt in Fig. 5. For the lower plate, the coefficient of friction is maximum for nt=37r/4; and for nt=O, it
gives the coefficient of friction for plane Couette flow. For the upper plate the coefficient of friction
oscillates about 1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors are extremely grateful to Dr. P. D. Verma for his able guidance and constant encourage-
rnent during the preparation of this paper. One of us (NCS) is thankful to the Council of Scientific and In-
dustrial Research and the other (BSB) to the University Grants Commission for the Award of Junior Re-
search Fellowships.,

REFERENCES
. Phy. (6) 21 (1890), 433.
w Theory 1-Laminar Flow", (D. Von Nostrand CO.Inc; New York), 1956.
E,G., entdeckten Annularelfekt, Z. Phys., 61 (1930), 349.
voa, RICHARDSON,
4. Uanma, S., ZAMP, 7 (1956), 403.

!5$
. .
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