Chapter 1

Matter, Energy, and

Measurement

Ms. Natividad
Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
Faculty of MedTech-IAS
 Chemistry
Chemistry The study of matter.
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space. Matter can change from one form to
another
States of Matter
Chemical
and Physical Reactions
Observation, Inference,
Hypothesis
Observation, Inference,
Hypothesis
Observation, Inference,
Hypothesis
Theory and Law
 Theory and Law

Law

Theory
Measurement
 SI Base Units

Quantity Unit Symbol

Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric Current ampere A
Temperature Kelvin K
Amount of mole mol
substance
Luminous Intensity candela cd
 Derived Units
Quantity Unit Symbol
Volume Cubic meter/liter 𝑚3 or L
Density Kilogram per cubic Kg/𝑚3 or kg.
meter 𝑚−3
Speed/Velocity Meter per second m/s or 𝑚𝑠 −1
Concentration Moles per cubic meter mol/𝑚3
Force Newton N
Energy Joule J
Power Watt W
Quantity of Coulomb Coul
Electricity
Electrical volt V
Potential
 Prefix Symbol Factor
Yotta Y 1024
Zetta Z 1021
Exa E 1018
Peta P 1015
Tera T 1012
Decimal Multipliers

Giga G 109
Mega M 106
Kilo K 103
Deci D 10−1
Centi C 10−2
Milli M 10−3
Micro μ 10−6
Nano n 10−9
Pico p 10−12
Femto f 10−15
Atto a 10−18
Zapto z 10−21
Yocto y 10−24
 Examples

• A kilo implies 1000; so kilogram is equal

to 1000 grams
1 kg = 1000 g or 103 g

• Micro is 10−6 , so a micrometer is a

10−6 of meter
1 μm= 0.000006 m or 10−6 m
 Exercise
Convert the following given examples.

1.0 cm= ______m

3.2 g=________kg
5.0 μl= _______L
8.5 mg = ______g
 Factor Label Method

Conversion factor A ratio of two different units,

used as a multiplier to change from one system or
unit to another.
• For example, 1 lb = 453.6 g
• Example: Convert 381 grams to pounds.

• Example: Convert 1.844 gallons to milliliters. Here we

use two conversion factors: from gallons to liters and
then from liters to milliliters
 Exercise

1.) 5.0 inches to cm.

1 inc = 2.54 cm

2.) Find the difference between 1.5 L ad O.5. gal.

1 gal =3.785 L
 Significant Figures

• RULES FOR COUNTING SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

Non-zero integers are always counted as significant
figures.
Zeros are classified into three types:
a. Leading zeros, those that precede all the non zero
digits, are not significant figures.
b. Captive zeros, those between non zero digits, are
always significant.
c. Trailing zeros, those at the right end of the number
are sometimes significant figures. Significant if the
number contains a decimal point.
 Examples

• 32.152 g = 5 Significant Figures

• 0.0082= 2 Significant figures
• 0.0003050= 4 Significant Figures
• 300
3.00x102 = 3 Significant figures
3.0x102 = 2 Significant Figures
3x102 = 1 Significant Figures
Exercise

1. 0.0723 g
−2
2. 6. 0250 x 10 s
3. 23.43 m
4. 700 kg
5. 0.0080020 g
Weight vs Mass
Jeremy’s mass is 100 kg.
He wants to weigh less. He
asked his professor for the
solution of his problem.
And his professor said,
“GO TO THE MOON!”
Jeremy goes to the moon,
looks at the mirror and
said, “I still look fat!”
 Weight vs Mass

• Mass is the measurement of

how much matter makes up
an object. (Kilograms)

• Weight is a measurement of
how gravity is pulling on the
object. (Newtons)
Weight vs Mass
Temperature
Temperature

K = °C + 273.15
Exercise

a. 35°C to °F
b. 3500 °F to K
c. 5 °F to °C
d. 300 K to °F
e. 122 °F to K
 Density

Density The ratio of mass to volume.

• The most commonly used units are g/mL for liquids and solids,
and g/L for gases.
• Example: If 73.2 mL of a liquid has a mass of 61.5 g, what is its
density in g/mL?
 Specific Gravity

Specific gravity The density of a substance compared to

water as a standard.
• Because specific gravity is the ratio of two densities, it has no
units (it is dimensionless).
• Example: The density of copper at 20°C is 8.92 g/mL. The
density of water at this temperature is 1.00 g/mL. What is the
specific gravity of copper?
 Exercise

1. What is the density and specific gravity of gasoline that

has a mass of 320 g and a volume of 45 ml at 25 °C.

2. What is the mass in kilograms of 50 L of gasoline with a

specific gravity of 0.82?

3. Calculate the volume in milliliters of 125 g of

chloroform. The density of chloroform is 1.50 g/ml.
 What to bring: Next Week

Pre-lab
Post lab
Lab Kits
Lab gown